Lokacin da yara ke bukatar maganin rigakafi
Magungunan maganin rigakafi an ba su kyauta ba tare da wani dalili ba saboda sanyi, mura, tari da kuma mashako, da kuma ciwon maganganu masu kamala da sauransu.
Cunkushe Babban Matsala ne
Wannan rikice-rikice na maganin rigakafi na iya haifar da cututtukan da ba'a so ba , ciki har da zawo da kuma rashin lafiyan halayen. Zai yiwu ma mahimmanci, yin amfani da maganin rigakafi yana haifar da ƙarin kwayoyin cutar samun damar magance maganin rigakafi.
Wadannan kwayoyin kwayoyin cutar sun fi wuya a bi da su, sau da yawa suna buƙatar maganin rigakafi mai karfi, kuma zai iya haifar da cututtuka na rayuwa.
Zaka iya taimakawa wajen kare matsalar kwayoyin kwayoyin cutar ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa yaronka kawai yana daukar kwayoyin cutar idan ya buƙaci shi sannan ya ɗauki shi kamar yadda aka tsara. Ƙin fahimtar sabbin hanyoyin maganin kwayoyin maganin cututtukan kunne da cututtuka na sinus, wanda ya hada da zaɓuɓɓuka don kiyaye ɗanka ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba, zai iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan maganin rigakafi.
Alurar rigakafin don cututtuka na kunne
Cutar da ke kunne shine yanayin da ya fi dacewa don maganin rigakafi a cikin yara.
Bayanin da aka saki a shekara ta 2004 sun taimaka wajen rage wasu daga cikin waɗannan takardu, kamar yadda suke bada shawarar "zaɓin kallo" ga wasu yara da ke cikin kunnuwan kunne. Wadannan yara waɗanda za su iya kiyaye lafiyayye na kwana biyu zuwa uku ba tare da magani tare da kwayoyin kwayoyin sun hada da wadanda basu kalla 2 shekaru ba kuma suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka.
A cikin jagororin da aka tsara daga AAP, wannan '' zaɓi zaɓi 'an riga an mika shi ga jarirai a matsayin matashi a matsayin watanni 6. Ka tuna cewa kallon ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba har yanzu yana da kyakkyawan zaɓi ga waɗannan yara da:
- wani kamuwa da kunne a kunne daya kawai (unilateral) ko yara da ke da shekaru biyu da haihuwa tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da kuma kamuwa da kunne a kunnuwan (kungiyoyin biyu)
- wani kamuwa da kunne idan ba tare da tsage kunne ba (otorrhea)
- m bayyanar cututtuka, ciki har da waɗanda ke da kawai jin kunnen kunne, zafin jiki kasa da 102.2 digiri F (digiri na 39 C)
- da kasancewar tsarin kulawa na gaba idan jaririn ya ciwo ko rashin lafiya a cikin kwanaki 2 zuwa 3
- iyaye da suka amince da shirin da za su kiyaye ba tare da maganin kwayoyin cutar ba
Ga yara tare da kamuwa da kunne wanda ba dan takarar kirki ba ne don kallo, musamman wadanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, to, an yi amfani da takardar maganin rigakafi don maganin rigakafi.
Wanne maganin rigakafi?
Idan yaro bai kasance a kan maganin rigakafi a cikin kwanaki 30 da suka wuce ba kuma ba shi da rashin lafiyan, sa'an nan kuma ana iya sanya shi mai daukar nauyin damuwa. Wasu zaɓuɓɓuka sun hada da haɗari mai girma amoxicillin-clavulanate (ƙara XR), cefdinir (Omnicef), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefuroxime (Ceftin), ko daya zuwa kwana uku na launi na ceftriaxone (Rocephin).
Sabbin jagorori sun haɗa da sababbin tsarin tsare-tsaren sabon magani don lokacin da jiyya na farko suka gaza, ciki har da yatsun ceftriaxone da kwana 3 na clindamycin tare da ko ba tare da kwayoyin cephalosporin na uku ba (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, da dai sauransu). Haɗuwa da clindamycin da maganin kwayoyin cephalosporin na uku kuma kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga waɗannan yara.
Alurar rigakafi don cututtuka na Sinus
Duk da yake an riga an bada maganin rigakafin maganin sinusitis a cikin yara, ana amfani da su lokacin da yara ke da cututtukan cututtuka na kamuwa da jini. Dokokin jiyya da suka fito a shekara ta 2001 sunyi aiki don taimakawa wajen rage maganin maganin maganin rigakafi ta hanyar samar da ka'idoji na asibiti don bincikar sinusitis. Bayan haka, don magance kamuwa da cuta, dole ne ka fara gano shi da kyau. Idan yaro yana da hanzari wanda yake haifar da sanyi, to, ba shi da kamuwa da sinus kuma bai buƙatar takardar maganin kwayoyin cutar ba.
An tsara wannan jagorar ta kwanan nan, kuma kamar umarnin kamuwa da kunnen kunne kun haɗa da zaɓi don dubawa don zaɓar yara. Har yanzu yana farawa tare da shawarwarin cewa sinusitis za a bincikar da shi yadda ya kamata, ciki har da abin da za a bincikar da sinusitis mai tsanani, yarinya yana da alamun cututtuka (yaduwar hanci da / ko kwanakin rana fiye da kwanaki 10 ba tare da ingantawa ba), yana ƙara tsananta alamun bayyanar bayan sun ya fara samun mafi alhẽri, ko mai tsanani bayyanar cututtuka na akalla kwanaki 3.
Ga wadanda yaran da ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, maimakon maimakon magance maganin rigakafi nan da nan, wani zaɓi zai iya kallon ɗan yaron kwana uku ba tare da maganin rigakafi don ganin idan ya sami mafi alhẽri. Idan ba shi da kyau, ya kara muni, kuma ga wadanda yaran da aka gano da farko tare da sinusitis da kuma cututtuka masu tsanani ko kuma waɗanda ke ci gaba da muni, to, an yi amfani da takardar maganin rigakafi don maganin rigakafi.
Shawarwarin maganin rigakafi na sinus a cikin sabon jagororin AAP sun haɗa da:
- high-dose amoxicillin (na farko-magani magani)
- Matsayin da ake yi na daukar kwayar cutar (yara fiye da shekaru 2 da ba su kula da su)
- haɓakar ƙananan kashi (amfani da kwayoyin cutar kwanan nan)
- 1-3 kowace rana ceftriaxone Shots (ba za ta dauki ko kuma magance maganin na farko na maganin rigakafi) don biye da kwanaki 10 na daya daga waɗannan maganin maganin rigakafi da zarar sun sami mafi alhẽri
Kamar kamuwa da kunne, yara da sinusitis za'a iya bi da su tare da cefdinir, cefuroxime, ko cefpodoxime. Kuma idan babu ci gaba bayan kwanaki 3 (72), za a iya canza kwayoyin cutar da ɗayanku zuwa ɗaya daga cikin wasu, musamman ma idan ya fara tashi akan mikiya.
Antibiotics ga Sore Throats
Wannan abu mai sauƙi ne. Yara da wuya yara suna buƙatar maganin rigakafi idan suna da ciwon makogwaro sai dai suna da rukuni A streptococcal (strep) kamuwa da cuta. Saboda ciwon ƙwayar cuta (pharyngitis) mafi yawancin lalacewa ta hanyar cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka, dole ne a yi jarrabawar cutar don tabbatar da ganewar asali kafin maganin rigakafi.
Idan yaro yana da strep makogwaro , to, maganin kwayoyin cutar zai iya haɗawa da:
- Penicillin V
- matsakaicin tsari mai tsauri
- Benzathine penicillin G (wani penicillin harbe)
Yara da ciwon kwari na penicillin za a iya bi da su tare da cifphalosporin na farko, irin su cephalexin (Keflex) ko cefadroxil (Duricef), clindamycin, azithromycin (Zithromax), ko clarithromycin (Biaxin).
Antibiotics ga Bronchitis
Zai zama abin mamaki ga iyaye da yawa cewa littafin AAP Red Book ya ce "rashin rashin lafiya da rashin lafiya a cikin yara, ba tare da la'akari da tsawon lokaci ba, ba ya da ikon maganin antimicrobial."
Ka tuna cewa cutar mashako zai iya haifar da tari, wanda zai iya zama mai albarka, kuma zai iya wucewa har zuwa makonni uku. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da maganin maganin rigakafin cututtuka ba a bada shawara a bi da cutar ba.
Yawanka za'a iya tsara wa kwayoyin kwayoyin idan yana da tarihin tsawa wanda zai kasance tsawon kwanaki goma zuwa 14 ko fiye kuma likitanka ana zargin cewa an haifar da ɗayan wadannan kwayoyin:
- Bordetella parapertussis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Mafi mahimmanci, tun da an riga an yi amfani da rigakafi don magance mashako, tambaya idan yaro yana bukatar kwayoyin cutar idan yana da tari.
Antibiotic don cututtuka na fata
Duk da yake rashes da sauran yanayin fata suna da yawa a cikin yara, da sa'a, mafi yawan basu buƙatar magani tare da maganin rigakafi. Wasu suna yin, duk da haka, kuma tare da tsayuwa a cikin kwayoyin cutar, yana da muhimmanci cewa yaronka da kamuwa da fata ya zama wajabtaccen maganin kwayoyin halitta.
Cutar cututtukan fata da taushi zasu iya hada da:
- cellulitis ba tare da purulent (turawa) magudaniya - kadan damuwa ga MRSA, don haka na yau da kullum anti-staph da / ko anti-strep kwayoyin za a iya amfani, kamar cephalexin ko cefadroxil.
- cellulitis tare da purulent (tura) tsawa - maganin rigakafi da bi da MRSA , ciki har da clindamycin, TMP-SMX (Bactrim), tetracycline (yara waɗanda akalla 8-shekaru-old), ko linezolid.
- ƙwayar ƙwayoyi - maganin rigakafi da suka bi da MRSA, ciki har da clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), tetracycline (yara waɗanda akalla shekaru 8), ko linezolid.
- impetigo - mupirocin 2% maganin maganin shafawa ko maganin kwayoyin maganin maganin ƙwayar cuta (cephalexin ko cefadroxil).
Za a iya biyan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba idan ana iya kwantar da shi, bazaiyi mummunan ba, kuma yaro yana da muni bayyanar. Zai yiwu karin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya buƙatar asibiti, magungunan ruwa da kuma maganin rigakafi IV.
Bactrim, wanda aka fi amfani da shi don bi da MRSA, ba ya bi da kwayoyin streptococci beta-hemolytic, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka na fata. Wannan ya sa ya zama mahimmanci cewa likitan ku ba da umarnin Bactrim idan ba ta tsammanin cewa yaro yana da MRSA ba.
Antibiotics ga Diarrhea
Iyaye ba sa tsammanin kwayoyin maganin kwayoyin cutar lokacin da yara suna ciwo. Bugu da ƙari, gaskiyar cewa zazzaɓi sau da yawa yakan haifar da cututtukan cututtuka, kwayoyin cutar, da guba abinci, da dai sauransu, koda lokacin da kwayoyin cutar ta haifar da shi, ba lallai ba ne ka bukaci maganin rigakafi.
A gaskiya ma, a wasu yanayi, maganin rigakafi na iya sa yaronka tare da ƙwaƙwalwa ƙari.
- Salmonellosis - Diarrhea da kwayar salmonella ta haifar da ita ta wuce kansa. Kwayoyin rigakafi na iya sa yaro ya zama mai ƙyama don tsawon lokaci.
- Shigellosis - Diarrhea da kwayar Shigella ta haifar zai iya tafiwa kan kansa, amma lokuta masu tsanani zasu iya buƙatar magani tare da maganin rigakafi. Shawarwarin maganin rigakafi don Shigella cututtuka sun hada da azithromycin da ceftriaxone idan an yi tsayayya da wasu maganin rigakafin yau da kullum, irin su amoxicillin da trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
- E. Coli cututtuka - Diarrhea da E. coli ya wuce a kan kansa. Idan aka bi da maganin maganin rigakafi, wasu, kamar Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), zai iya sanya danka cikin haɗari ga HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - yanayin da ke barazana ga rayuwa wanda ya hada da anemia da gazawar koda).
- Campylobacteriosis - Diarrhea da kwayoyin Campylobacter ke haifarwa kawai yana buƙatar magani tare da azithromycin idan yaro yana da mummunan cututtuka.
- Clostridium wuya - Mutanen da suke daukar maganin maganin rigakafi suna da hatsari ga cutar C. wanda ke haifar da cututtuka, kuma yana bukatar a bi da shi tare da kwayoyin kwayoyin kamar metronidazole.
Tun da magungunan maganin rigakafi ba a buƙata saboda yawancin cututtuka da ke haifar da cututtuka, kuma zai iya, a gaskiya, haifar da cututtukan da kansu, kamar yadda wasu cututtuka ke ciki, tabbatar da tambayar likita idan yaro ya buƙatar su. Kwayoyin maganin rigakafi ba koyaushe ba ne lokacin da yaronka ke rashin lafiya ko lokacin da kake ziyarci likita.
Sources:
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