Rashin hawan jini shine babban abu mai hana yiwuwar cutar da mutuwa a Amurka wanda ke taimakawa wajen shan ƙwaƙwalwa, cututtukan koda, da kuma ciwon zuciya. Yana da mahimmancin gano shi da wuri da kuma bi da shi, don hana ƙwayar matsala. Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki game da Rigakafin, Mace, Bincike, da kuma Kula da Ƙungiyar Hanyoyin Cikakken Yau ta bayar da shawarwari bisa ga shaidar kimiyya.
Menene JNC 8?
Kila ka ji cewa akwai jagororin kula da cutar hawan jini a cikin manya. Wadannan jagororin sun wallafa su ne daga Kwamitin Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arba'in na 8 akan Rigakafin, Dattijan, Bincike, da Kula da Jigilar Jigilar jini, da aka sani da JNC 8. An tsara jagoran bayan kafa kwamitin masana sun hada dukkanin bayanan kimiyya wanda aka samo su kuma an sabunta su don bada jagora don likitoci don gudanar da hawan jini. JNC 8 yana bada umarnin bugu don yin maganin cutar hawan jini, matsalolin jini, da kuma maganin maganin maganin cutar.
Tsarin jini yana riƙe da ƙira
Nazarin ya nuna cewa ragewan karfin jini a cikin manya da hauhawar jini ta hanyar 10 mm Hg zai iya rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan zuciya da ciwon jini daga 25% zuwa 40%. Shaidu sun nuna cewa manya da ke da shekaru 60 da haihuwa ya kamata fara magani lokacin da karfin jini na jini (lambar farko) na da 140 mm Hg ko mafi girma ko kuma lokacin da rubutun jini ya zama 90 mm Hg ko mafi girma.
A cikin tsofaffi fiye da shekaru 60, magani ya kamata a fara idan motsi na systolic shine 150 mm Hg ko mafi girma kuma idan nauyin diastolic shine 90 mm Hg ko mafi girma. Maganin da suka fara maganin kulawa suyi amfani da waɗannan lambobi a matsayin burin manufa. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari ko kuma cututtuka na yau da kullum suyi amfani da wadannan makamai tun lokacin da JNC 8 basu sami tabbacin cewa ci gaba da cutar karfin jini zai inganta sakamakon lafiya a cikin wadannan kungiyoyi biyu.
Sanarwa na maganin magani don farawa jiyya
JNC 8 sun canza shawarwarin maganin maganin maganin hauhawar jini, daga magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi biyar zuwa 4 azuzuwan ƙirar. JNC 8 maganin kulawa mai tsaftacewa zuwa jinsin shan magani hudu:
- Angiotensin canza masu haɗarin enzyme (ACEI)
- Angiotensin masu karɓar rashawa (ARB)
- Diuretics
- Calcium tashar blockers (CCB)
JNC 8 kuma ta sake nazarin shaidun a hankali don yin shawarwari na musamman na maganin maganin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta bisa ga kabilanci da kasancewar ciwon sukari ko cutar koda. Akwai tabbaci mai yawa cewa akwai bambancin launin fatar a cikin amsawa zuwa wasu nau'o'i na maganin cutar karfin jini.Koyaswar ƙarshe shine:
- Yawancin mutanen da ba a rage ba (tare da ko ba tare da ciwon sukari) ya fara farawa tare da ACEI, ARB, CCB, ko diuretic irin su thiazide (watau hydrochlorothiazide)
- Yawan mutanen baki baki (tare da ko ba tare da ciwon sukari) ya kamata su yi amfani da CCB ko thiazide-type diuretic don maganin farko na hauhawar jini.
- Magunguna masu fama da cutar koda a tsawon shekaru 18 suna amfani da ACEI ko ARB a matsayin farko ko farfadowa tun lokacin da aka nuna hakan don inganta sakamakon koda. Wannan ya shafi baƙar fata da baƙar fata.
Lokacin da za a ƙãra Dose ko Ƙara Sabo Sabo
JNC 8 tana bada shawarar karuwa a cikin magungunan ƙwayoyi na farko ko ƙari na miyagun ƙwayoyi na biyu daga ɗaya daga cikin magungunan ƙwayoyi masu mahimmanci da aka shawarar don ɗayan ƙungiyar ku idan baza ku iya kaiwa ga jigilar jini a cikin wata daya ba. Idan karuwa a cikin kashi ko kari na sabon magani ba zai rage karfin jini ba zuwa manufa ta manufa, to lallai likitanku ya ƙara ƙwayoyi na uku daga ɗayan ɗakunan da aka ba da shawarar. Duk da haka, ba za a yi amfani da ACEIs da ARBs tare ba. Wasu marasa lafiya na iya buƙatar ƙarin ƙwayar miyagun ƙwayoyi daga wata.
Sauran Hannun Kwayoyin Hanyoyin Suturfan Ƙwayar cuta
Akwai lokuta idan marasa lafiya suna da wata dalili na yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi daga aji wanda ba'a ambata a cikin shawarwarin JNC 8 ba.
Alal misali, an nuna beta-blockers don bunkasa rayuwa ga marasa lafiya da rashin ciwo zuciya, saboda haka suna da kyau a zabi don rage yawan karfin jini a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwon zuciya. Magunguna masu karfin jini na karuwanci suna daukar nau'i na kwayoyi da ake kira alpha alphaers don rage yawan alamun su. Wadannan magunguna an fara su ne don magance cutar hawan jini, amma kuma suna kwantar da hankalin prostate da wuyansa, don yaduwar fitsari don gudanawa kyauta. Alpha-blockers ne mai kyau zabi don lura da hauhawar jini a cikin maza tare da BPH.