Myeloma da myeloma mai yawa suna nufin wannan cuta. Akwai nau'o'in myeloma daban-daban, kuma irin wannan cututtukan da aka tsara sunadawa, da kuma irin kwayoyin cutar, ko kuma proteins immunoglobulin, waɗanda ake samar da su ta hanyar hauka.
Mutumin da aka fara bincikarsa tare da myeloma zai iya zama ko kuma ba zai iya samun alamun bayyanar ba. Cases na iya ɗaukar hoto daga ainihin babu alamun bayyanar cututtukan bayyanar cututtuka da matsalolin da ake buƙatar magani.
Ɗaya daga cikin irin nau'in myeloma - ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya na muhimmancin da ba a yanke ba (MGUS) - yana haifar da karin maganin rigakafi a ƙananan matakan, amma yana yin haka ba tare da matsala masu yawa a cikin gabobin ba. Zai iya ci gaba da zama myeloma mai aiki, amma idan ya yi, yakan yi haka a hankali. Ba duk wanda ke tare da MGUS zai ci gaba da bunkasa myeloma ba, amma wasu na iya, wanda shine dalilin sa ido na shekara-shekara ya zama dole. MGUS, ko da yake yana da mummunan yanayin, yana haddasa hadarin canji a cikin myeloma mai yawa a kashi ~ 1.5 bisa dari a kowace shekara.
MGUS
Akwai manyan bambance-bambance biyu tsakanin MGUS da myeloma:
1. Lokacin da ciwon daji ko wasu cututtuka ke haifar da matakan mawuyacin gina jiki na antibody, ana kiran furotin paraprotein. Adadin wannan paraprotein ya kasa da 30 g / L (<3g / dL) a cikin MGUS.
2. Kwayoyin Plasma suna da kashi 10 cikin dari na jimillar binciken kwayar halitta a MGUS.
Smoldering Myeloma
An gano myeloma ta hanyar aikin jini lokacin da ake gwada marasa lafiya akan wani abu ba tare da dangantaka ba.
Smoldering ko rashin jin dadin myeloma yana ci gaba da hankali, irin wannan cutar. Kodayake matakan kwayoyin cutar plasma wadanda suke haifar da kwayar cuta a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa da / ko matakan M-gina jiki na iya kasancewa, babu sauran lalacewar ƙasusuwan ko kodan.
A smoldering, asymptomatic myeloma:
1. Adadin paraprotein yana da fiye da 30 g / L (<3g / dL).
2. Kwayoyin Plasma sun fi kashi 10 bisa dari akan binciken kwayar halitta.
Babban bambancin dake tsakanin myeloma da murmushi da yawa na myeloma shine rashin nau'in kwayar cutar myeloma ko nau'in nau'i.
Multiye Myeloma
Symptomatic, ko myeloma aiki yana da ƙwayar ƙwayoyin plasma da yawa a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, da kwayar M-abin da aka gano a cikin jini ko fitsari - da kuma sakamakon lalata kwayoyin halitta. Mye myeloma yana bukatar magani. A wasu lokuta na myeloma myeloma, kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta zasu tara a kashi ɗaya kuma suna samar da ciwon sukari da ake kira plasmacytoma .
Alamomi da alamun bayyanar myeloma na iya bambanta kuma zasu iya hada da:
- Raɗa baƙin ciki, musamman a cikin kashin baya ko kirji
- Nuna, maƙarƙashiya, asarar ci abinci, asarar nauyi
- Ra'ayin tunani, damuwa, gajiya
- Kullum cututtuka da fuka
- Rashin rauni ko ƙuntatawa a kafafu
- Ƙishirwa ƙishirwa, urination mai yawa
Myelomas masu ƙaddamarwa suna karawa da su ta hanyar nau'ikan protein immunoglobulin da aka samu a cikin jini. Immunoglobulins sun ƙunshi sassa daban-daban - da ake kira manyan sarƙoƙi da sarƙar haske. Ana kiran wasu magunguna ta hanyar nauyin sarkar da suka ƙunshi (G, A, M, D, ko E).
- Mafi yawan M-gina jiki a myeloma shine nau'in IgG.
- Mafi yawancin sunadaran IgA ne.
- IgD da IgE myelomas sune sabon abu.
- Ƙararrawar IgM shine yanayin da ake kira Waldenstrom na macroglobulinemia .
Wasu nau'o'i na myelomas suna samar da immunoglobulin marasa tsabta na sassan haske kawai. Wadannan ana kiransu masarali mai haske. Wadannan sunadaran sunadarai sune ake kira Bins-Jones sunadarai . Lokacin da sunadaran Bence-Jones suna cikin fitsari, sun tara cikin kodan kuma suna haifar da lalacewa.
Haka kuma akwai wasu cututtuka da yawa waɗanda kwayoyin halitta ke haifar da nauyin kaya kawai. Wadannan ana kiransu sassaucin suturar ƙwayar cuta kuma yana iya ko bazai raba sifofin tare da myeloma ba.
Kimanin kashi 1 cikin dari na myelomas ana kiransa myeloma maras sirri . A cikin wadannan marasa lafiya, samar da sunadaran M ko hasken haske bai isa ba a gano su cikin jini ko fitsari. Ana buƙatar gwajin musamman don gane cutar a cikin wadannan marasa lafiya.
Sources
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Lin, Pei "Kwayoyin Plasma Cell Myeloma" Harkokin Ilmin Halitta / Ilimin Halitta na Arewacin Amirka 2009 23: 709-727.
Nau, Konrad da Lewis, William "Mleye Myeloma: Bincike da Kulawa" likitancin iyali na Amurka 1 Oktoba 2008 78: 853-859.