Sannan sunadarai sune ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za'a iya gano ta amfani da gwaji na gaggawa, musamman don tantancewa da kula da marasa lafiya tare da myeloma mai yawa, irin cutar ciwon jini.
Multiye Myeloma
Mye myeloma mai yawan ciwon daji ne wanda ke samuwa a cikin irin jini mai jini wanda ake kira cell cell plasma. Kwayoyin Plasma sune kwayoyin da ke sanya kwayoyin cutar don taimakawa wajen yaki da cututtuka.
Don yawancin yawan kwayoyin cutar plasma, wanda zai iya cewa bambancin shine kasuwancinsu. Suna yin dukkanin nau'o'in sunadaran antibody.
Mye myeloma yana daya daga cikin cututtuka da dama wanda zai iya haifar da "kwayar halittar kwayoyin plasma". Ka yi tunanin wani nau'i daya a matsayin wani abu da ke tattare da ƙungiyar ma'aurata biyu. Wannan taron bai bambanta ba. Kwancen kwayoyin halitta guda daya suna sanya wannan kwayoyin antibody.
M-Sunadaran
A yayin da yake magana akan sunadaran Bence-Jones, ana amfani da wasu kalmomin da yawa, irin su furotin myeloma, sunadarai M, paraproteins, sassan lamirin immunoglobulin kyauta da M-spike. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sunyi kama da juna, amma ba dole ba ne su canza.
Ma'anar 'M' a M-gina jiki tana nufin monoclonal, ma'ana cewa tarin sunadarai daga ɗayan clone ne na kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da irin wadannan kwayoyin cuta ko sassa daban daban.
Hasken tsabta
Magunguna sune abin da masana kimiyya ke kira immunoglobulins - ma'anar ma'ana suna taimakawa wajen yaki da cutar, da kuma globulin, ma'ana su sunadarai ne.
Wadannan immunoglobulins yawanci suna da yawa, amma sun hada da kananan raka'a waɗanda aka haɗa su. Kwayoyin rigakafi sun ƙunshi nau'o'in sunadarai masu yawa, waɗanda ake kira sarƙaƙƙiya masu sutura da sarƙar haske.
A hoto a sama, zaku iya ganin cikakken antibody ko immunoglobulin a farkon, amma kowane antibody yana da wasu sassa.
Ƙananan sassan suna "sarƙaƙƙiya" kuma sassan zinariya sune "sarƙar haske." A cikin hoton nan, sarƙar haske na zinariya shine abin da zai iya zama sunadarai na Bence-Jones a cikin mutum mai yawan myeloma ko wasu yanayi.
Sauran sunadarai na Bence-Jones sune mahimmanci na musamman na waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan magungunan (watau haske) . Gabatarwar sarƙar haske a irin wannan yalwar a cikin fitsari ba al'ada bane. Yawancin lokaci, ana iya gano adabin furotin mai haske kawai a cikin tsabar fitsari. Harsunan haske a cikin fitsari na iya bunkasa don dalilai daban-daban, duk da haka, kuma dukansu ba su da ciwon daji.
Monoclonal Light Chains
Yanzu, a game da sunadarai na Bence-Jones, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa waɗannan tsararren haske ba kawai wani nau'i ne na tsabta ba - su ne tsararren haske.
Bence-Jones sunadarai, to, su ne ...
- Monoclonal (zo daga wani clone na sel)
- Tsare-tsaren ɗaure-tsaren monoclonal (da yawa daga cikin guda ɗaya, ƙananan ɓangaren ɓangaren)
- An samu a cikin fitsari da kuma hade da yanayi daban-daban, ciki har da myeloma m.
Yanayi
Sannan sunadaran sunadaran M-sunadarai, kuma suna da ƙananan isa su wuce ta tsarin tsaftace jikinka, kodan. Wannan yana nufin cewa, lokacin da waɗannan tsararren wutar lantarki suke faruwa, za su wuce daga jini zuwa cikin fitsari.
Akwai yanayi da yawa wanda za'a iya samun sunadaran Bence Jones a cikin fitsari na mutum, ciki har da waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Myeye myeloma - Mye myeloma yana da ciwon jini wanda akwai ƙwayar ƙwayar plasma - kwayoyin halitta da suka bunkasa daga lymphocytes B a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa. Kwayoyin Plasma sune kwayoyin da ke sanya kwayoyin da ke kare mu daga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta. Daga tsakanin 50 zuwa 80% na mutanen da ke tare da myeloma zasu sami gwaji mai mahimmanci ga waɗannan sunadaran.
- Macroglobulinemia na Waldenström - Macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom wani ciwon daji ne wanda ba a sani ba a cikin sassan B (irin jini na jini). Kwayoyin B suna tafiya ta hanyar yin amfani da kwayoyin cutar plasma. A wannan cututtukan, ciwon daji ya auku a cikin cellular B, kafin ma'anar da ta zama tarin kwayar plasma; don haka, macroglobulinmia Waldenström ya bambanta daga myeloma mai yawa, amma yanayin biyu shine, wasu, hanyoyi irin wannan, kuma duka biyu na iya haifar da sunadaran Bence-Jones.
- MGUS - MGUS na tsaye ne akan ƙananan kullun da yake da muhimmanci. Wannan cuta na iya zama mai ƙaddara na myeloma mai yawa kuma ya haɓaka da yawan ƙwayoyin plasma, amma babu wani ɓangaren da ke tattare da myeloma m.
Alamar
Sannan sunadarai sun kasance a cikin kimanin biyu a cikin marasa lafiya uku tare da myeloma m. Mye-myeloma mai yawa shine ciwon jini wanda ya hada da ƙwayar yawan kwayoyin cutar plasma. Kamar dai yadda ciwon daji na huhu zai yi da kwayar cutar ciwon huhu na mahaukaci, myeloma yana dauke da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar.
Kwayoyin Plasma sune kwayoyin da ke sanya kwayoyin cutar don taimakawa wajen yaki da cutar. Kwayoyin plasma masu ciwo, duk da haka, ba su yin maganin rigakafin da ke taimakawa wajen yaki da cutar, kuma a maimakon haka, kwayoyin cutar plasma da suka wuce sune kwayoyin cutar da suka wuce duka.
Rashin wucewar immunoglobulin cikin jiki zai iya zama matsala daga wasu kusurwoyi daban-daban, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine cutar koda . A al'ada, magunguna sun yi yawa da za a iya tace ta cikin tubules a kodan. Sauran sunadarai na Bence-Jones suna da ƙananan isa don shigar da raga a cikin kodan. A cikin kodan, waɗannan sunadarai na iya ginawa da haifar da matsaloli na koda. Wasu nau'o'in sunadarai zasu iya cutar da kodan wannan hanya fiye da wasu. Har ila yau, akwai wasu sakamakon sakamakon tsaran hasken wuta wanda zai iya rinjayar sassa daban daban na jiki.
Idan an gano ku da rashin lafiya wanda zai haifar da yawan sunadarin sunadarai haske, likitanku zai iya kula da ku don matsalolin da suka shafi ku. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da zasu iya faruwa tare da sassan wuta mai tsanani ana kiran amyloidosis amyloid, inda sintin haske ya haɗu tare da samar da kwari daga wani abu da ake kira amyloid, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar wasu kwayoyin.
Urin Test
Jarabawar sunadarai na Bence-Jones ya hada da tattara tatsarin ka don awa 24 don bincika shaidar sunadaran. Ana saran sunadaran Bence-Henry ne don Henry Bence Jones, wani likitan ilimin likitancin wanda ya fara gano abubuwa masu ban sha'awa na waɗannan samfurori samfurori a cikin karni na 1800. Akwai nau'i biyu na haske - mai suna kappa da lambda. Sakamakon takaddama na sarkar haske yana da muhimmancin gaske.
Kalma Daga
Idan kun kasance sabon ƙwararren lafiya, ɗauki lokaci ku koyi game da cutarku kuma ku tambayi tambayoyi. Ta nemi taimako daga abokanka da ƙaunatattunka. Kuma rataya a kan fatan. Yin maganin cututtuka na jini ya inganta a fili a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma sababbin jiyya sun kasance a cikin gwaji.
> Sources:
> Basile U, Gulli F, Torti E, et al. Binciken fasalin bincike don bincike na gina jiki na Bence Jones. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016; 54 (11): e331-e333.
> Cook L, MacDonald DHC. Management of paraproteinaemia. Jaridar Postgraduate Medical Journal . 2007; 83 (978): 217-223.
> Kyle, R., Larson, D., Therneau, T. et al. Hanyar motsa jiki na sarkar haske wanda ya shafe myeloma (idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria): binciken da aka kwashe na baya-bayan nan. Lancet Hematology . 2014. 1 (1): e28-36.