Sharuɗɗa da Fursunonin Autism a kan talabijin
Yayin da autism ya kara karuwa, haruffa tare da autism sun zama mafi shahara akan talabijin. Mun ga rubuce-rubuce, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayon, har ma da wasan kwaikwayon dake nuna (ko wasu lokutan) haruffa. Tilas, TV ita ce kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga sadarwa da ilimi, amma shin yana aiki ne mai kyau wajen inganta ilimin autism a hanya mai kyau?
TV Newsaries da Reality TV
Akwai 'yan littattafai masu yawa a cikin talabijin ko kuma ƙididdiga a TV (duk da cewa akwai wasu fina-finai na Indiya da ma fina-finan fina-finai). Wadanda aka sanya sun kasance sun fada cikin ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi masu yawa:
- Binciken abin da yake son kasancewa mai da hankali, ta hanyar amfani da fasaha na fim don wakiltar matakai masu ban mamaki, abubuwan da suka ji dadi, ko haɗin kai (misali Misalin Temple Grandin , fim din da aka yi da TV din Clare Danes).
- Binciken yadda autism ke shafar iyali da abokai (misali misali na Peete's Sake , jerin abubuwan da ke faruwa na TV game da rayuwar Holly Robinson Peete da Rodney Peete, wanda ya bayyana yadda tasirin autin dan yaro ya kasance akan iyali da abokai).
- Binciken zuciya game da gwagwarmaya da wani ɗan adam da kuma / ko iyalinsa suyi dacewa ko samun yarda (misali misali PBS, Aspergers in Love ).
Kowane irin wadannan nau'o'in na da nasaba da kuma biyo baya. Gaskiyar ita ce, mafi yawan mutane masu sha'awar autism. Saboda haka, ga wadanda suke cikin "autism al'umma" suna da tasiri mai muhimmanci, amma ba su da babban haɗuwa a ma'anar cewa babban wasan kwaikwayo na TV ko wasan kwaikwayo na iya zama.
Dalilin da yasa Dlamas da Comedies Feature Autistic Characters
Tun daga farkon shekarun 1980 ne, kowace hanyar sadarwa tana da rabon "fina-finai" masu nuni. Da farko, duk idanu masu zaman kansu sun kasance masu kyau a cikin yankunan birane masu kirki (James Garner na Rock Rock Files yana tunawa).
Bayan dan lokaci, duk da haka, masu sauti da marubuta sun bukaci more iri-iri. Don haka suka halicci idanu masu zaman kansu tare da wasu halaye na mutum wanda ya sanya su na musamman. Ironsides ya kasance a cikin keken hannu. Jessica Fletcher wata tsofaffi ce da ke zaune a yankunan karkara. A karni na 21, muna da kallon ido na sirri wanda ke nuna hali tare da OCD ( Monk ), kuma, ba shakka, ido na sirri da autism ( Sherlock ). Duk sun kasance ko kuma masu nuna ido ne na masu zaman kansu; Bugu da ƙari da ƙwayar da aka gano da rashin lafiya shi ne kawai wani juyi a kan tsohuwar tsari.
A yau, muna da wasan kwaikwayo na likita mai kyau ( The Good Doctor ) wanda ke nuna halin da ake ciki tare da ciwo mai kyau . Wani nau'in wasan kwaikwayo / wasan kwaikwayo, Atypical , yana nuna wani matashi a kan tsarin autism . Babu wani abu na musamman game da salon ko tsarin da aka nuna. Kwararren Doctor ne game da asirin likita waɗanda aka warware a cikin awa daya; Atypica l wani yanayi ne wanda yake cikin yanayi (wanda ya fi yawancin yanayi) a cikin rabin sa'a (tare da karamin sauti-opera-style ci gaba).
Sophie Shafer-Landau, wanda ke aiki tare da kamfanin ProSocial na tallafin zamantakewar al'umma don wayar da kan jama'a game da Aytpica l da Good Doctor a cikin al'umma autism, ya ce: "Dukkanin abubuwan biyu, masu kirki sun bukaci sabon launi akan tsohuwar layi .... Hanyoyin Hollywood don samar da karin bambanci a cikin halayen 'yan kananan kabilu gaba ɗaya: mata masu jagoranci, masu launin launi, ƙoƙari su yi ƙoƙari don yin gyare-gyare da kuma wakilci na kowane hali daga kowane bangare na rayuwa. Hollywood yana turawa don ƙarin haɗaka da wakilci, don haka ba kawai ya nuna game da autism ba, amma game da bambance-bambance. "
Rashin layi, waɗannan nuna ba game da autism ba. Su ne masu jarrabawar TV masu jarrabawa da suka hada da halayyar motsa jiki don ƙirƙirar wasu fasahohi, suna nuna sababbin yanayi, da kuma samar da wani wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa ko wasan kwaikwayo (dangane da nau'in). Ya kamata ba mamaki bane, sabili da haka, wasan kwaikwayon na TV da comedy ba gabatar da cikakken fassarar abin da yake son zama tare da (ko kusa) autism ba. Ko da rubutattun masu bincike da masu rubutaccen ra'ayi da mawallafa suna buƙatar haruffa halayen su zuwa bukatun jinsin, da maƙillan, da adadin minti kaɗan.
Binciken Tsara Ayyuka Tare da Autism
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu haruffa sun bayyana waɗanda suke da ainihin lamarin autism. Sam a Atypical misali ne na irin wannan hali; haka Max a kan iyaye . Tsarin binciken shine batun tattaunawa akan zane, kuma babu shakkar cewa halin halayen ne autistic.
Amma a zahiri, kalmomin "autistic-like" sun kasance kuma sun kasance "nau'i" a kan talabijin, a hankali ga siffofin Nerd ko Geek. Mutane da yawa suna so su tantance halayen su da autism, bisa ga halayen halayen da suka hada da:
- Masanin kimiyya (ba duk mutanen da ke da autism ba ne masu basira, amma kusan dukkanin halayen TV ne kamar yadda ake nunawa a cikin TV ko dai ɗalibai ne masu ƙwarewa ko kuma a cikin filin da suka zaɓa)
- Abun da ke cikin zamantakewa (wanda ya kasance daga yin magana da gaskiya a lokacin da ba daidai ba don tambayar tambayar tambaya game da al'ada)
- Hanyar yin magana ko nuna hali (yawanci yin sauti ko kallon "uncool" ko tsofaffi)
- "Abubuwan Geeky" kamar kimiyyar jiki, fasahar kwamfuta, lissafi, ko fiction kimiyya
- Jinƙai tare da ayyukan zamantakewa kamar manyan jam'iyyun
- Hanyoyin da ba su da kyau (musamman shafukan abubuwa kamar buttoning button a saman kan abin hawa ko kuma saka tufafi mara dace saboda suna jin dadi)
- Kyawawan dabi'un (kusan dukkanin haruffa masu tsauraran ra'ayi ne masu gaskiya, masu neman adalci wadanda suka fi so su kauce wa halin kirki da ke da halayyar irin su jima'i, shan giya, maƙwabtar abokai ko masoya, da dai sauransu)
Wadannan alamu na gaskiya ne na autism? Zuwa matsayin da mutane da yawa da autism suke raba a kalla wasu daga cikin waɗannan halaye, amsar ita ce a'a. Amma waɗannan dabi'un da fifiko ba su ishe ba, a cikin su da kansu, don nuna autism.
Bayanan waɗannan haruffa sun haɗa da:
- Dokta Sheldon Cooper (da Amy Farah-Fowler) na The Big Bang Theory
- Sherlock Holmes na Sherlock (wanda yake ikirarin zama mai zaman kansa ne amma yana da kyau kuma ya fi dacewa mutum ya dace da wannan ganewar, saboda haka an kwatanta shi a matsayin autistic)
- Maurice Moss, The IT Crowd
- Brick Heck, Tsakiyar
- Abby, NCIS
- Will Graham, Hannibal
- Steve Urkel, Family Matters
- Tina, Bob's Burger's
Tasirin TV a kan mutanen da ke tare da Autism da iyalansu
Halin tashar talabijin ya kasance mai ban mamaki kuma mummunan ga mutane a kan bakan da iyalansu. Ba abin mamaki bane, sake duba abubuwan da suka nuna nuna nuna bambanci ga mutane da yawa sun kasance daidai da juna. A gaskiya ma, yana nuna kamar Atypical samun kyakkyawan ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba ko da a tsakanin mazan da kuma masu aiki a cikin filin autism.
Michelle Dean, Mataimakin Farfesa, Ilimin Kasuwanci a Cibiyar Lantarki ta CSU ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga Atypical . Ta yi farin ciki da hanyar da wasan kwaikwayon ya kwatanta wani saurayi da ke da tsufa da kuma neman dangantaka. "Kuna ganin bambancin dangi da kuma bambance-bambance, abokinsa nagari yana yarda da gaba daya, muna ganin yardawar aiki, muna ganin yadda za a zalunta da dacewa da kuma dacewa da hakan. alhakin zamantakewar jama'a.Ya samo wasu nau'o'in samfurin yana dauke da sakon autism fahimtar da sanannen yarda da autism.A gare ni, wannan sako ne mai karfi wanda ya fito daga Atypical . "
A gefe guda kuma, Mickey Rowe, wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke taka rawar gani a Cikin Tashin hankali na Dog a cikin Night-Time , ya ce a Teen Vogue game da wannan hoton: "A kallon wasan kwaikwayo, na lura cewa yana da alama don yin wasa a cikin sigogi da na taba gani wanda zai iya sauke da sauƙi kuma wannan zai iya haifar da lalataccen bayani game da autistic mutane Akwai matsala da yawa game da autism a bangare saboda muna kusan koyaushe game da autism daga wadanda ba autistic mutane, maimakon koyaswa game da autism daga manyacin autistic. "
Anan, to, wasu daga cikin wadata da kwarewa na autism a talabijin:
Gwani
- Mafi yawan sani da tausayi da jin tausayi ga mutanen da suke aiki da autism da iyalansu
- "Daidaitawa" na ƙananan halittu ta wurin nuna mutun da ke dauke da autism dake riƙe da aikin, kammala karatun daga makaranta, gina dangantaka, warware laifuka, da sauransu
- Ƙara sha'awar hada mutane tare da autism a cikin ayyuka na al'ada bisa la'akari da fahimtar matsalar
- Ƙarin shirye-shiryen da damar da aka samu ko ma sun fara ko gudanar da masu watsa shirye-shirye na TV don mutane da autism
- Ƙarin tallafin kudi na ayyuka na autism wanda aka gina a kan aikin masu shahararren mashahuran da wasu a cikin harkokin nishaɗi
Cons
- Rashin fahimtar autism a matsayin mummunar cuta wanda ya hada da mutane da rashin hankali, halin haɓaka, da kuma wasu manyan al'amurran kiwon lafiya (da kuma 'yan ƙwararrun masanan ilimi)
- Rashin fahimtar wasu al'amurra na autism yana daga matsalolin da ke tattare da matsalolin matsalolin tafiyar da aiki da yawa
- Imani cewa "mafi yawan" mutane da autism suna kama da halayen TV wadanda suke riƙe da aikin yi, sun sami kyakkyawan dangantaka, kuma suna bukatar goyon bayan waje ko farfadowa
- Ganin cewa autism yana da alaka da takamaiman nau'o'in, bukatu, zaɓuɓɓuka, da kwarewa
> Sources :
> Taron zantawa da Michelle Dean, Mataimakin Farfesa, Ilmin Kasuwanci a Cibiyar Siyasa ta CSU. Satumba, 2017.
> Tambaya tare da Sophie Shafer-Landau, Prosocial. Satumba, 2017.