Kamar sauƙi kamar yadda zai iya gani, haɗiye shi ne ainihin daya daga cikin ayyukan da ya fi rikitarwa da jikinmu ke yi. Wannan aikin mai sauƙi da aiki na atomatik ya ƙunshi jerin ayyukan da dole ne su faru a cikin jerin ɓangarori uku na ƙaddamarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan wurare na tsarin mai juyayi.
Akwai shirye-shiryen son rai, ko ayyukan da ya dace da haɗiyewa, da kuma sa hannu, ko kuma abubuwan da suka shafi aikin haɗiye.
Hanyoyi guda uku na haɗiye an kwatanta a kasa:
A Cikin Kwararre
Gudun farawa yana farawa tare da lokaci na baka. Wannan lokacin yana farawa lokacin da aka sanya abinci a cikin bakin da kuma shafa shi da ruwan. Ana kiran abinci mai laushi abinci na bolus.
Kushin abincin da aka yi amfani da ita shine daɗin hakora da hakora wanda ake sarrafawa daga tsokoki na mastication (shawa). A wannan lokaci, abinci yana "shirya" a cikin ƙaramin girman wanda aka lubricated sosai don haka za'a iya sauke shi daga gaba zuwa baya na baki. An cire bugun abinci a yanzu a cikin motsi (kashi na sama na makogwaro).
Daga oropharynx, an sake yin amfani da burodin abinci tare da baya daga cikin harshe da sauran tsokoki a cikin ƙananan pharynx (makogwaro). Wannan mataki kuma yana buƙatar hawan kai tsaye na mai laushi don hana abinci daga shiga hanci.
Yatsun da ke kula da maganin hawaye suna motsawa ta hanyar jijiyoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwa kwakwalwa, wanda ake kira jijiyoyin cranial.
Maganin cranial da ke cikin haɗuwa da wannan mataki sun hada da jijiyar cututtukan zuciya, fatar ido, da jijiyoyin hypoglossal.
Pharyngeal Phase
Yayin da abincin abinci ya kai ga pharynx, ƙwararru na musamman na jijiyoyi suna kunna lokaci na haɗiyewa. Girasar haɗiye, wadda aka yi wa jarrabawa ta hanyar haɗuwa a tsakiya (ƙananan kwakwalwar kwakwalwa), yana sa a ci gaba da sanya abinci a cikin pharynx da kuma esophagus (gurbin abinci) ta hanyar haɗin kai da kuma haɓakawa da dama a cikin ƙwayoyi masu yawa. da baya na bakin, pharynx, da kuma esophagus.
Domin bakin da wuya na zama mai shiga ga abinci da iska, bakin yana samar da hanya don iska don shiga cikin iska da cikin huhu, kuma yana samar da hanya don abinci don shiga cikin esophagus da ciki.
Wani ɓangare na lokaci na pharyngeal shine ƙaddamar da larynx ta hanyar haɓaka ta hanyar rubutun kayan aiki da ƙananan murya, da kuma hana dakatarwa na wucin gadi. Wadannan ayyuka sun hana abincin daga "saukar da ƙafa mara kyau" a cikin trachea (windpipe).
Kulle larynx ta epiglottis yana kare laka daga rauni, kamar yadda abinci da sauran kwayoyin da suke shiga cikin huhu suna iya haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani da kuma fushi da jikin mai huhu. Kwayar wutsiya da ke haifar da matsaloli tare da lokaci na pharyngeal na kwakwalwar haɗiye an fi sani da ciwon ciwon huhu .
Aikin Harkokin Jiki
Yayinda abinci ya fita daga pharynx, ya shiga cikin bishiya, tsarin kwayar halitta kamar kwayoyin halitta wanda ke haifar da abinci a cikin ciki saboda karfin da ya dace da ƙwayar ƙwayar murya. Hanyoyin abinci ta hanyar bishiya a wannan lokaci na buƙatar aikin haɓaka na nervous naman , da jijiyar glossopharyngeal, da kuma daga jijiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta daga tsarin kulawa mai tausayi.
Gudun yatsun yana da muhimmiyar tsokoki guda biyu da suka buɗe kuma suna kusa da hankali yayin da aka kawo burodin abinci a yayin haɗuwa. Wadannan tsokoki, wanda ake kira sphincters, suna bada izinin abincin abinci a cikin jagoran gaba yayin hana shi daga shiga hanya mara kyau (regurgitation).
Dukkanin sphincters ne, farko na babba, sannan kuma ƙananan, bude a mayar da martani ga matsa lamba na gurasar abinci kuma kusa bayan gurasar abinci ta wuce.
Tsinkayyar farfadowa ta sama wanda ya hana abinci ko iska daga sake dawowa cikin bakinsa, yayin da kwakwalwa ta kasa da baya ya tabbatar da cewa abinci yana ci gaba da ciki, yana hana sake dawowa zuwa cikin esophagus.
A yin hakan ne, sphincters na jinginar jiki suna aiki ne a matsayin kariya ta jiki ga abincin da aka tsara.
Dysphagia
Gaba ɗaya, mutanen kirki zasu iya haɗiye tare da tunani da ƙoƙarin hankali. Idan tsarin rumbun ya rushe saboda cututtuka ko wata cuta, to, matsaloli tare da haɗiye zai iya faruwa. Ana fuskantar matsalolin damuwa kamar dysphagia. Dysphagia zai iya haifar da matsalolin kamar lalacewa, rashin ci abinci da asarar hasara, da kuma ciwon hauka.
Kalma Daga
Idan kayi fama da bugun jini ko wani rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya, za ka iya shawo kan gwagwarmaya don sanin ko kana da dysphagia. Idan kuna da alamun dysphagia, kuna buƙatar samun maganganu da haɗiye farfado don yaduwar haɗarinku na iya samun dama don ingantawa yadda ya kamata.
> Sources:
> Hulɗa tsakanin Dysphagia, Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya na Lafiya, da Masanan Masarufi na Fashin Lafiya bayan Ischemic Stroke, Ribeiro PW, Cola PC, Gatto AR, da Silva RG, Luvizutto GJ, Braga GP, Schelp AO, de Arruda Henry MA, Bazan R , J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015 Satumba 24 (9): 2088-94