Aphasia , wanda yake da wuyar magana, shine matsalar ta kowa bayan bugun jini, musamman magungun kwayar lobe . Ga wadanda suka tsira daga cutar da ke zaune tare da aphasia, magani shine muhimmin al'amari na rayuwa bayan fashewar. Hakanan, abhasia abu ne mai rikitarwa a cikin samarwa, sarrafawa, ko fahimtar harshe saboda lalacewar kwakwalwa, mafi yawanci daga bugun jini.
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na maganin magance nau'in aphasia.
Janar ka'idoji
An nuna mahimmancin matakan farfadowa a cikin ƙananan binciken don inganta yanayin farfadowa.
- Ko da kuwa irin nau'in farfado da aka yi amfani da su, sakamakon zai fi kyau idan an karfafa tsauraran farfajiya. A wasu kalmomi, yawancin lokutan aikin magani zai samar da kyakkyawar sakamako idan an ba su a cikin 'yan lokuta a kan' yan kwanaki maimakon a yawancin zamanni a cikin kwanaki da yawa.
- Amfanin farfadowa na aphasia yana ƙaruwa yayin da masu kwantar da hankali suke amfani da nau'i nau'i na hanzari. Alal misali, samfurori na gwaje-gwaje a cikin nau'i na kiɗa, da kuma abubuwan da ke gani a cikin hotunan hoto, zane, ana amfani dashi a lokacin lokutan farfadowa na aphasia.
- Ƙananan ƙara yawan wahalar wahalar da ake amfani dashi a lokacin lokuta da aka ba da horo ya inganta sakamakon.
Lissafin da ke ƙasa akwai wasu sanannun nau'i na jiyya na aphasia.
Mahimman ilimin harshe na ilimi
Wannan nau'i na farfadowa yana jaddada nauyin halayen harshe. Alal misali, wasu aikace-aikace na buƙatar marasa lafiya su fassara fasalin nauyin murya daban-daban. Wasu suna buƙatar su bayyana ma'anar kalmomi masu mahimmanci ko kalmomi kamar kalmar "farin ciki." Wadannan aikace-aikacen suna taimaka wa marasa lafiya suyi kwarewar fahimtar juna yayin da suke mayar da hankalinsu ga fahimtar sassan abubuwan da ke cikin harshe.
Ƙara koyo game da yadda cututtuka zai iya rinjayar damuwa .
Shirye-shiryen shirin
Irin wannan farfadowa yana amfani da hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, ciki harda hotunan da kiɗa, an gabatar da su a cikin ci gaba mai sauƙi daga sauƙi mai wahala. Ƙara koyo game da farfadowa na musika bayan bugun jini.
Tsarin Gyara-Gyara Gyara
Wannan nau'i na farfadowa na aphasia yana mayar da hankali ga mafi yawa a kan sassan da ake amfani da su a cikin harshe. Babban motsi wanda aka yi amfani dashi a lokacin zaman zaman shi ne motsa jiki. Daya daga cikin ma'anar irin wannan farfadowa ita ce inganta cigaban ilimin harshe mafi kyau duka tare da maimaitawa.
Ƙungiya Rukuni
Irin wannan farfadowa na samar da tsarin zamantakewa ga marasa lafiya don yin aiki da fasaha na sadarwa da suka koya a yayin zaman mutum, yayin da ake samun mahimmanci daga magungunan masu kwantar da hankali da sauransu. Hanyoyi na kulawa na iyali suna da sakamako irin wannan, yayin da suke sadar da sakon layi tare da 'yan uwa. Nemo yadda ƙungiyoyi masu goyon baya zasu taimaka wajen farfadowa da bugun jini.
PACE (Samar da Halayyar Kwaminisancin Aphasic)
Wannan yana daya daga cikin sanannun nau'o'in pragmatrapy, wani nau'i na farfadowa na aphasia wanda ke inganta ingantaccen sadarwa ta amfani da tattaunawa a matsayin kayan aiki na ilmantarwa.
Harkokin farfadowa na PACE sun haɗa da ma'anar tattaunawa tsakanin mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da mai haƙuri. Domin yaɗa daɗaɗɗen sadarwa, irin wannan farfadowa yana amfani da zane, hotuna, da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi zane-zane wanda masu haƙuri suke amfani da ita don samar da ra'ayoyin don sadarwa a lokacin tattaunawar. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da mai haƙuri ya juya ya nuna ra'ayoyinsu.
Matsalar kayan da ake amfani dashi don samar da haɗin kai yana karuwa a cikin hanzari. Ana ƙarfafa marasa lafiya don yin amfani da kowane hanyar sadarwar lokacin zaman, wanda ya ba da damar mai kwantar da hankali don gano hanyoyin basira wanda ya kamata a karfafa a cikin mai haƙuri.
Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana magana da mai haƙuri ta hanyar bin hanyar sadarwa da wanda yake jin dadi yana jin dadi.
Pharmacotherapy
Wannan sabuwar hanya ce ga farfadowa na aphasia da kuma ingancin da ba a tabbatar ba. Jerin magunguna da aka gwada har yanzu sun hada da piracetam, bifenalade, dindinal, bromocriptine, idebenone da dextran 40, aikatazepil, amphetamines da wasu antidepressants. Kodayake shaidar ba ta da karfi sosai, yana nuna cewa a kalla dozepil, 'yan sanda da amphetamines zasu iya samun tasiri a cikin maganin cutar. Wannan karshen ya nuna cewa yana taimakawa sosai wajen bunkasa amfanin magungunan gargajiya marasa magani, kamar yadda wasu nazarin sun nuna kyakkyawan sakamako yayin da aka ba marasa lafiya amphetamines kafin lokacin zaman.
Hanyar Tsarin Harshen Tsakanin Transcranial (TMS)
Kodayake wannan tsari na jiyya ba zai iya amfani dashi ba, ƙarfinsa yana ƙarƙashin bincike mai zurfi. TMS yana kunshe da nufin magnet kai tsaye a wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa wanda ake tsammani ya hana yin amfani da harshe bayan bugun jini. Ta hanyar kashe aikin wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa, an sake ingantawa. Irin yanayin farfajiyar da aka gwada a gyaran aphasia shine "fassarar sau da yawa" na TMS. Ƙananan ƙananan karatu sun sami sakamako masu ƙarfafawa, amma ana buƙatar babban nazari mai kyau don tabbatar da ingancin wannan nau'i na magani.
Edited by Heidi Moawad MD
Sources: Jordan Lori da Hillis Argye; Cutar da magana da harshe: aphasia, apraxia da dysarthria; Bayani na yanzu a cikin Ma'anar Halitta 2006 19 (6): 580-585.
Cicerone et al., Tabbatar da hankali na tabbatar da hankali: An sake nazarin wallafe-wallafen daga 1998 zuwa 2002 Tarihin Magungunan Kwayoyi na jiki da Harkokin Kasuwanci 2005 Vol 86; 1681-1692.
Froma P Roth da Colleen K. Worthington lura da kayan aiki don maganganu da harshe pathology 2nd edition Delmar, Albany NY.