Jagora mai haƙuri ga jinsin da ke cikin Melanoma Skin Cancer
Ganin magungunan ciwon daji da kuma yadda yake taka rawar gani a cikin melanoma yana iya zama kamar aikin da bala'in. Amma daukan lokaci don yin abin da zai iya taimaka maka ka fahimci haɗarinka - da abin da zaka iya yi game da shi.
Cancer Genetics
Ciwon daji ya fara ne lokacin daya ko fiye kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayar halitta (canza daga al'ada al'ada). Wannan ko dai yana haifar da gina jiki mai gina jiki ko wani nau'i mai gina jiki, dukansu biyu suna haifar da kwayoyin halitta masu yawa don karuwa ba tare da fahimta ba.
Yawancin kwayoyin halitta ana binciken su saboda rawar da suke ciki a melanoma, ciki har da kwayoyin jinsi da cututtukan kwayoyin da aka samu saboda abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi, irin su hasken rana mai tsanani. Ya zuwa yanzu, ƙayyadaddun bambancin kwayoyin lissafi ne kawai don kashi 1 cikin dari na dukkanin cututtuka na melanoma, kodayake bincike na 2009 da tagwaye da melanoma ya nuna cewa kashi 55 cikin dari na hadarin melanoma na mutum zai iya zama saboda abubuwan kwayoyin halitta. Bincike a cikin wannan wuri mai rikitarwa har yanzu yana cikin jariri, amma fatan yana da girma cewa a nan gaba, gwaje-gwaje na kwayoyin zai taimaka wajen jagorancin gyare-gyare, ganewa , da magani .
Gudanar da Mutum a Melanoma
Misalan maye gurbin mutun da aka sauko daga iyaye zuwa yaro sun hada da haka:
CDKN2A - Saukewa a cikin wannan mai sarrafawa na ƙunsar radiyo shine ƙananan asali na gadon melanoma. Wadannan canje-canjen, duk da haka, har yanzu basu zama cikakku ba kuma suna iya bayyana a cikin wadanda ba a gada da su na melanoma ba.
Mutanen da ke da iyalin melanoma suna da adadi mai yawa wadanda ba su da cikakkiyar nau'in ƙwayar cuta (dysplastic nevi) kuma an gano su tare da melanoma a ƙuruciyar shekaru (35 zuwa 40). Tun da kashi 70 cikin dari na mutanen da suke da maye gurbin a cikin CDKN2A za su bunkasa melanoma a yayin rayuwarsu, an samo gwaje-gwajen kasuwanci don CDKN2A, kodayake ba a bayyana ba idan sanin sakamakon gwajin zai amfana da mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar.
Wani maye gurbi wanda ya haɗa da shi a cikin CDK4, wanda ke sarrafawa yayin da sel ke raba kuma ƙara haɗari na bunkasa melanoma.
MC1R - Ƙarin shaida yana nuna cewa mafi girma yawan bambancin a cikin wani nau'in da ake kira MC1R (mai karɓa na melanocortin-1), mafi girma ga hadarin melanoma. Gidan yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yanke shawara idan mutum yana da gashi mai launin gashi, kyakkyawa, da kuma kula da kamuwa da UV. Mutanen da ke da man zaitun da duhu da fata kuma waɗanda suke ɗaukar daya ko fiye da bambancin jinsin suna da haɗari fiye da haɗarin melanoma. Duk da haka, da maye gurbin MC1R yana ɗauke da haɗari mafi girma fiye da maye gurbin CDKN2A ko CDK4. Kwanan nan, an gano wasu kwayoyin da suka shafi launin fata. Haka kuma za su iya ƙara mai saukin kamuwa ga melanoma, ciki har da TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (TYR-related protein 1), da kuma ASIP (ciwon alamar alamar agouti).
MDM2 - Bambancin MDM2 ya bayyana a cikin "mahalarta," wani nau'i na canza wutar da ya ƙayyade lokacin da aka kunna jigon kuma an yiwa adadin yawa a cikin tantanin halitta. Binciken da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa yana nufin mata - amma ba maza - don bunkasa melanoma a ƙuruciyar shekaru (kasa da shekaru 50). Samun wannan maye gurbin zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da wasu abubuwa masu haɗari da halayen melanoma kamar tarihin ƙusar jiki, da fata, da fatar jiki.
Idan kana da iyaye ko dangi tare da melanoma, haɗarinka na tasowa melanoma shine sau biyu zuwa sau uku fiye da mutum. Duk da haka, haɗarin yana da ƙananan ƙwayar, kuma a yawancin lokuta, ba za'a samo gawar marar kyau ba. Duk da haka, yawancin masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa mutanen da suka damu game da tarihin iyalinsu na Melanoma sun tuntubi mai ba da shawara a kan kwayoyin halitta kuma su tambayi likitanku game da shiga cikin binciken nazarin halittu don ƙarin bayani game da yadda maye gurbin kwayoyin ke haifar da hadarin melanoma. Mafi ƙarancin, mutanen da ke fuskantar haɗarin melanoma ya kamata su yi zaman lafiya da kuma bincika fata a kowane wata tun daga farkon shekaru 10 don neman canje-canje a cikin bayyanar ƙwayoyi.
Ƙarshen Halitta Wanda ba a Gida ba
Halittun jinsin da basu gada ba amma an samo su saboda abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi kamar sun hada da:
BRAF - Nazarin sun gano wani maye gurbin da ba a hade a cikin BRAF wanda ya zama babban abu na al'ada a cikin tsarin da ke haifar da melanoma; An lura dashi har zuwa 66% na mikilan melanomas. Masu bincike sunyi tsammanin magungunan da ke toshe wannan nau'in na iya kasancewa dabarun maganin kulawa a nan gaba.
P16 shine ƙwayar ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta wanda zai iya zama mahaukaci a wasu ƙananan marasa galihu na melanoma. Halittar kwayoyin halitta wanda ke tsara Ku70 da kuma proteins na Ku80 na iya rushe tafiyar matakai wanda ke gyaran DNA.
EGF - Masu bincike suna nazarin maye gurbi a cikin wani jinsi wanda ke sa wani abu mai suna factor factor growth (EGF). EGF tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙwayar jikin fata da kuma warkar da rauni, kuma yana iya lissafa yawancin wadanda ba su da gado na melanoma.
Fas - Saukewa a cikin kwayoyin da ke tsara Fasin sunadaran, wanda ke cikin wani tsari na halitta na hallaka kansa wanda ake kira apoptosis, zai iya haifar da kwayoyin melanoma don yadawa daga iko.
Tsarin kwayoyin da ke haifar da ci gaban farko da ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin iyali ba su da ƙwarewa kuma an fara fara bincike. A gaskiya, dubban binciken da aka yi game da kwayoyin halittu da aka kirkiro a cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce. Wadannan ci gaba zasu sa zuciya ga tabbatar da gwajin da yafi dacewa don ganewar asali da nunawa na melanoma, da magunguna mafi mahimmanci ga wannan mummunar cuta.
Sources:
"Genetics na Melanoma." ASCO. 26 Fabrairun 2009.
Hocker TL, Singh MK, Tsao H. "Halittar kwayoyin halittu da magunguna a karni na 21: tafiya daga gefen benci zuwa ga gado." J Invest Dermatol 2008 128 (11): 2575-95. 26 Fabrairun 2009.
Lin J, Hocker TL, Singh M, Tsao H. "Tsarin Melanoma." Br J Dermatol 2008 159 (2): 286-9. 26 Fabrairun 2009.
"Iyalilan melanoma." Shirye-shiryen Taswirar Malanoma na Melanoma. 27 Fabrairu 2009.
Firoz EF, Warycha M, Zakrzewski J, et al. Ƙungiyar MDM2 SNP309, shekarun da suka fara, da kuma jinsi a cikin mummunan rauni. Ciwon Cutar Cancer . 2009 Apr 1; 15 (7): 2573-80.
Shekar SN, Duffy DL, Youl P, et al. Nazarin Nazarin Jama'a na Yammacin Australiya tare da Melanoma Suna Bayyana Karfin Kwayoyin Halitta Kwayoyin Halitta. J Invest Dermatol . 9 Afrilu 2009.