Ciwon tsokawar tsoka
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) na ɗaya daga cikin nau'i tara na kwayar dystrophy, wani rukuni na cututtukan kwayoyin da ke shafi amfani da tsokoki a jiki. Duchenne MD an gaji ne a matsayin cuta ta X. Saboda hanyar da aka gada shi, Duchenne MD na farko ya shafi 'yan mata. Yarinya zasu iya samun ginin ga DMD amma basu da wata alamar cutar.
Duchenne MD tana shafar kusan 1 a cikin kowane haihuwa na maza 3,500 (kusan 20,000 sababbin lokuta a kowace shekara). Yana shafar 'yan kananan kabilu. Hanyoyin ga DMD suna haifar da dystrophin, wani sinadaran da ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙwayoyin tsoka. Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙwayoyin tsoka suna iya lalacewa kuma suna da rauni a tsawon lokaci.
Cutar cututtuka
Yarin da ke tare da Duchenne MD yakan bunkasa al'ada a matsayin jariri. Kwayoyin cututtuka na DMD sukan fara tsakanin shekaru 2 da 6. Mai yiwuwa yaron yana iya:
- da wahala ta tafiya, gudana, ko hawa matakan saboda rauni a kafafu da ƙananan kwari
- gwagwarmaya don tayar da kai, ko yana da wuyan wuya
- Bukatar taimako daga sama
- tafiya tare da kafafunsa baya
- tsaya kuma tafiya tare da kirjinsa da ciki mai fita (ko kuma yana da baya)
- Yi amfani da aikin Gower don tashi daga bene (yana tafiya da kafafunsa maimakon kafa tsaye, saboda rauni tsofaffi)
Duchenne MD yana shafar dukkan tsokoki a cikin jiki, ciki har da ƙwayar zuciya da kuma numfashi, kamar yadda jaririn ya fara girma bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:
- gajiya
- wahalar numfashi
- matsalolin zuciya saboda zuciya mai girma
- asarar damar tafiya ta shekaru 12
- rauni a cikin hannaye da hannayensu
Sanin asali
Masana ganewar Duchenne MD yawanci ne akan ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka a cikin shekarun makaranta. Iyaye ko malaman sun fara lura da ɗan yaron da wahala yana hawa matakan ko kiyaye tare da wasu yara.
A farkon matakai na DMD, gwajin jini don creatine kinase (CK ko CPK) na iya nuna matakan da aka ɗaukaka wanda ya kasance 10 zuwa 100 sau na al'ada. Wannan gwaji ya nuna cewa lalacewar tsoka yana faruwa amma bai tabbatar da ganewar asali ba. Gwaran kwayoyin - neman fuskokin DMD - shine hanya mafi kyau don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Da zarar yaro ya san DMD, ana iya jarraba sauran iyalan gidan don ganin wanda zai iya samun jigon.
Jiyya
Kodayake ana gudanar da bincike game da Duchenne MD, babu magani ko wata hanya ta dakatar da cutar daga mummunan lokaci. Bayanan maganin zai iya rage hasara na muscle, haɓaka ƙarfin, da kuma taimakawa wajen sake mayar da makamashi, amma yana da mummunan sakamako a yayin da aka dauka na dogon lokaci. Magunguna na iya buƙatar ɗauka idan matsalolin zuciya sun kasance. Harkokin jiki da na sana'a suna taimakawa wajen ci gaba da karfin hali da kuma hana ƙwayar raunana daga kwangila. Ayyuka mai baka kamar wasan kwaikwayo yana da kyau ga yara maza da DMD. Za'a iya buƙatar maganganun maganganu idan yaron yana fama da wahalar magana ko sadarwa.
Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, yaro zai buƙaci na'urori masu dacewa irin su takalmin gyare-gyare da kuma keken hannu. Saboda matsalolin numfashi, wasu yara suna iya buƙatar samun tube mai kwakwalwa wanda aka sanya su a cikin trachea (windpipe), kuma wasu na iya buƙatar respirator.
Ko da magunguna mafi kyau, samari tare da Duchenne MD ba su tsira fiye da shekaru talatin saboda rashin jin daɗin rayuwa da matsalolin motsa jiki da suka haifar da cutar.
> Sources:
> "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)." Cututtuka. Yuli 2007. Kungiyar Muscular Dystrophy.
> "NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page." Dama. 15 Satumba 2008. Cibiyar Kasa > don > Cutar Neurological da Tashi.
> "Game da Duchenne." Fahimtar Duchenne. Magani na Musamman na Dystrophy. 1 Oktoba 2008