Muna kewaye da mold. Yawancin nau'in nau'i na nau'i a cikin yanayi kuma mafi rinjaye yawanci ne ga mutane, kodayake kalmomi kamar "cututtuka mai guba" da kuma "ƙwayar fata mai guba" sun kasance masu jin dadi a cikin kafofin yada labarai. A gaskiya, ƙwayar cuta zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani a cikin waɗanda ke raunana tsarin rigakafi (watau immunocompromised).
Mutanen da ke aiki ko zama a cikin gine-gine da lalata ruwa a wasu lokuta suna kokawa game da "m fata" ko "mai guba mai guba." Maimakon mold yana da guba, yana da ƙila da ƙwayar yana kira allergies.
Mako yana girma ne a cikin gidajen da ke shafar lalacewar ruwa. Abin mahimmanci, gine-gine da lalacewar ruwa an nuna cewa an danganta su da ciwo na rashin lafiya , wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su zazzabi, gajiya, da tashin hankali.
Mene Ne Mace?
Kalmar "mold" tana nufin naman gishiri masu yawa wanda yayi girma kamar nau'in da aka hada da filaments microscopic tare da juna. Masihu wani ɓangare ne na sashin rayuwa, kuma yana ƙaddara lalataccen abu.
Ga wadansu kayan da aka fi sani a cikin gidaje da sauran gine-gine:
- Alternaria
- Aspergillus
- Cladosporium
- Penicillium
Kadan na cikin gida sun hada da wadannan:
- Fusarium
- Stachybotrys
- Trichoderma
Yawancin lokaci, mold yana tsiro a gine-gine da suka ci gaba da shawo kan ruwa daga lakabi, ambaliya, da sauransu. Mould kuma zai iya girma a gine-gine da ke dauke da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko waɗanda aka gurɓata da fitsari.
Murar Al'umma
Hanya tsakanin mota da rashin lafiya na numfashi yana da sha'awa ga ƙarni.
A cikin shekara ta 1670, James Bolton ya fara jaddada haɗin kai, kuma, a cikin karni na goma sha tara da na ashirin, wasu 'yan masana kimiyya sun biyo baya. A tsawon lokaci, an sami bincike mai zurfi na bincike wanda yawancin masu ƙwayar likita suka yarda cewa mold yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rashin lafiyar jiki.
Mafi yawan bayyanar cututtuka na rashin lafiyar jiki shine hay zazzabi (watau rashin lafiyar rhinitis) da kuma asma.
Mutanen da ke da tarin yawa suna fuskantar haɗari ga ƙwayar cuta. Atopy yana nufin jigilar kwayoyin halitta don bunkasa cututtuka irin su ciwon sukari, eczema, da rashin lafiyar rhinitis (watau hay zazzaɓi).
Mutanen da suke fama da rashin lafiyar ƙwayar cuta suna yawan rashin lafiyan wasu abubuwa, ciki har da:
- Dander dabba
- Dust mites
- Gralen pollens
- Tree pollen
- Bishiyoyin daji
A wasu ƙididdiga masu fasaha, ƙwayar rashin lafiyar jiki, kamar na rashin lafiyar dabba da dabba, ciyawa da pollens, da dai sauransu, wani sakamako ne na IgE-mediated. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran allergens, ana iya amfani da gwada fata don taimakawa wajen nuna rashin lafiyar jiki. Bugu da ƙari-kamar yadda aka yi amfani da wasu kwayoyi masu amfani da juna - gwajin radioallergosorbent (RAST) za a iya amfani dasu don ƙayyade ƙwayoyin maganin gaggawa na IgE don jaka a jini.
A cikin labarin 2005 wanda aka buga a cikin Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology , Edmondson da masu marubuta sunyi nazarin mahalarta 65 a tsakanin tsoho tsakanin 1.5 da 52 da suka gabatar da asibiti da kuma asibiti da ke gunaguni game da "ƙaddamarwa mai guba." Daga cikin mahalarta, Kashi 53 cikin dari sun sami halayen fata don yin gyare-gyare a lokacin gwaji.
Ga manyan gunaguni tsakanin masu mahalarta don rage yawancin lokaci:
- Hay zazzaɓi
- Ƙara
- Ciwon kai
- Hanyoyin cututtuka na numfashi (taugge, raguwa, da dai sauransu)
- Tsarin tsakiya mai juyayi
- Wulo
Kodayake wadannan bayyanar cututtuka ba su da cikakkun bayanai kuma sun hada baki ɗaya, a kan binciken jiki na masu bincike sunyi kama da gashin launin fata, da haɓaka, da hanci, wanda duk alamun rashin lafiyar.
Samun tarihi na bayyanar cututtuka-kamar fuka-wacce ke ƙayyade ga wasu gine-gine tana goyan bayan ganewar asibiti. A wani bayanin da ya dace, idan kana fuskantar irin wannan cututtukan, yana da muhimmanci a raba tare da mai binciken lafiyarka game da gidanka, aiki, ko kuma makaranta. Biyewar alamar bayyanar cututtuka na makonni biyu a cikin jarida zai iya taimakawa wajen sanin abin da yanayin ke haifar da rashin lafiya.
Baya ga amsawar da aka yi wa IgE ba, an yi tunanin cewa wasu maɗaurai a cikin ƙira za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cututtuka masu ƙira. Culprits sun haɗa da mycotoxins, waxanda suke da kayan aiki na mold, da kuma glucans, wanda ya zama shingen tantanin halitta na mashin. Bugu da ƙari, molds samar da kwayoyin halitta maras kyau (VOCs) - kamar su kananan-kwayoyin-nauyi ketones, barasa, da kuma aldehydes-wanda aka sanya a cikin m related alaka. Ba zato ba tsammani, waɗannan ne wadanda ke da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayarta, ƙazanta mai banƙyama.
Duk da haka, babu wani shaida da ke nuna cewa hanyoyin da ba a kula da su ba na IgE suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan layi zuwa mold. A wasu kalmomi, kodayake mold yana haifar da ciwon sukari kuma yana da rashin lafiyar jiki, ba mu da wata shaida cewa bayan an nunawa wasu abubuwa a cikin nauyin na iya sa mutane su da lafiya.
Gudanarwa
Babu magani na musamman don maganin alurar rigakafi. Duk da haka, ciwon fuka da ƙananan zazzabi, wanda zai haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki, za a iya bi da shi ta amfani da magungunan kwayoyi da magunguna masu yawa. Idan za ta yiwu, yana da kyau don kauce wa ginin da zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyar ku. Duk da haka, wannan zabin ba koyaushe bane.
Idan kuna da kayan ƙwayar cuta kuma za ku shiga wani yanayi da kuke zaton harkar mota, za ku iya ɗaukar mashin turɓaya. A matsayin ma'auni m, za ku iya ɗaukar magunguna kafin ku shiga yanayin.
Za a iya gwada gine-gine don ginawa. Ana iya kwatanta samfurorin iska na cikin gida tare da samfurori na iska na waje don ƙayyade matakan matakan. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙila za a ɗauka, ƙaramin, da kuma samfurori na bango don ganewa a cikin gine-gine, amma waɗannan samfurori ba zasu iya ƙayyade yawan makircin da ma'aikata ke gudana ba.
Saduwa da Ciwon Marasa lafiya
Mould, wadda ke da alaka da lalataccen ruwa, zai iya zama mummunar da zai haifar da ciwo mai gina jiki . Ba kamar sunan yana nuna ba, rashin lafiya na gina jiki yana bayyana yanayin da masu zama ke jin rashin lafiya saboda rashin iska mai gina jiki - tare da ƙara yawan ƙananan zafi da kuma rage samun iska kasancewa manyan masu bayar da gudummawa. Bugu da ƙari ga lalatawar ruwa da kuma mota, wasu cututtuka na ciwon gine-gizen rashin lafiya sun haɗa da turɓaya, ruɗaɗɗen, da kuma ƙarancin wutar lantarki, iska, da kuma iska (HVAC).
Ko da yake rashin ciwon rashin lafiya ba a san shi ba ne a matsayin sanannun likita, wasu kungiyoyi sun yi gargadin kasancewarsa, ciki har da Tsaron Tsaro da Kula da Lafiya (OSHA) da Hukumar Tsaro ta Muhalli (EPA). Ciwo na rashin lafiya a cikin gida shine matsala, kuma idan an gabatar da shi ba tare da cikakkiyar bayani ba, alamun alaƙa na ginin a cikin asibiti, wasu likitoci za su magance matsalar tare da antidepressants.
Ga wadansu jagora na gaba daya don rashin ciwo mai gina jiki wanda ya shafi magungunan ƙwayar cuta:
- Yi amfani da matakan zazzabi da zafi.
- Gano wuraren da lalacewar ruwa ta shafa.
- Tabbatar cewa ginin yana da tsabta.
- Bincika duk masu haɓaka iska, masu zafin iska, da hasumiya mai sanyi.
- Gwada ci gaba da bude windows don samun iska mafi kyau.
- Ɗauki raguwa daga yanayin gida don fita waje da tafiya a kusa.
Ga wasu takamaiman shiriya daga Kwalejin Kasuwanci na Asthma, Allergy & Immunology game da rigakafin rashin lafiyar jiki:
- Tsaftace duk wani lalacewa ko lakaran nan da nan.
- Tsaftace gutters da datti gurasa.
- Yi amfani da pandan drip.
- Bude windows don samun iska a wurare masu zafi kamar gidan wanka
- Yi amfani da masu ba da izini ko shafe magoya a cikin yanayin damp kamar gidan wanka.
Gine-gine da aka gurbata tare da mold zai iya shawo kan cutar, tare da gyaran gyare-gyare da aka yi don gurɓata ginin. Bugu da ƙari, yana haddasa rashin lafiyar jiki da ƙananan ƙanshi, mold zai iya rushe kayan gine-ginen da ya haifar. Ga wasu matakan da za a yi a lokacin gyaran ginin.
- Maganar zafi, wadda ke inganta girman ƙwayar zuma, dole ne a cire shi gaba daya daga gidan. Alal misali, idan tsarin HVAC yana da alhakin girma, sai a cire shi.
- Za a cire kayan keɓaɓɓen kayan keɓaɓɓen kayan shafa, ko sauran kayan gini na gine-ginen daga ginin kuma maye gurbin.
- Duk kayan ado da kayan ado (kayan waƙa) dole ne a wanke su ko wanke-tsabta. Idan waɗannan abubuwa suna ci gaba da jin warin bayan tsaftacewa sosai, suna bukatar a jefar da su.
Masana'antu na masana'antu da injiniyoyi na iya yin kwangila don kimanta gine-gine don ɗaukar tasiri.
A cikin yanayin aiki, yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayin ɗaukar hotuna na lalata ruwa da gudanarwa game da damuwa game da fitarwa na mota. A madadin, OSHA ko EPA za a iya tuntube su don binciken bincike na iska.
Masa Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy yana nufin maganin cututtuka ta amfani da abubuwa da ke motsa tsarin tsarin. Harkokin rashin lafiyar jiki wani nau'i ne na immunotherapy da aka ba don magance ko hana halayen a cikin mutanen da suke rashin lafiyar bishiyoyi, ciyawa, weeds, dander, kura, da sauransu. An ƙayyade bincike game da batun mold immunotherapy. A halin yanzu, duk da haka, immunotherapy don rashin lafiyar jiki ba'a bada shawara.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙananan gwajin gwagwarmayar sarrafawa da ke nazarin mold immunotherapy, nazarin yafi mayar da hankali ga nau'i nau'i biyu: Alternaria da Cladosporium . Bugu da ƙari, molds dauke da proteases (wani nau'i na enzyme) wanda ya sa su zama 'yan takara masu kyau ga immunotherapy. Saboda waɗannan proteases, nau'ikan kwayoyin sunadarai ba za a iya hade tare ba.
Ambaliyar ruwa
Gine-ginen da ake zubar da ruwa bayan hadari ko ambaliyar ruwa suna fuskantar hadarin gaske don gurbatawa tare da mota. Ana ɗaukar simintin ruwa cikin ruwa mai zurfi. A cikin wannan mummunan yanayi, aikin gaggawa ya wajaba don hana cikewar mold. Mutanen da ke dauke da su, ko fuka, ko kuma raunana tsarin kulawa bazai kamata su shiga cikin gyaran gyare-gyare ba.
CDC ta ba da shawarwari masu dacewa akan yadda za a kawar da gida na mold bayan ambaliya, ciki har da waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Yi la'akari da cewa duk wani abu da aka rushe cikin ruwa don fiye da kwana biyu ya gurɓata da nauyin.
- Fata, itace, takarda, da takalma ba za a iya ɗaukar nauyin gwal ba kuma ana buƙatar a shirya su.
- Yi amfani da wanka don tsaftace tsabta a kan benaye, daji, sinks, flatware, faranti, kayan aiki, da sauran abubuwa masu wuya.
- A lokacin da aka shirya maganin bugun jini, yalwata ruwa da ruwa a daidai.
- Kada ku haxa gishiri tare da ammonia ko wasu tsabta.
- Yayinda kake yin amfani da ruwa, bari windows bude.
- A wanke kayan ƙananan tare da burodi sannan a wanke waɗannan abubuwa tare da ruwa. Sa'an nan, bar su a waje don bushe.
- Yi amfani da goge don yayyafa saman abubuwa masu mahimmanci.
- Lokacin tsaftacewa don kayan ƙera, kayan aikin sirri na sirri ya kamata a sawa, ciki har da allon-gilashi, safofin hannu na caba, takalma na roba, da kuma matsala mai tsabta.
Kalma Daga
Kodayake ana ƙara ƙaddamar da "ƙwayar cuta mai guba" da "ƙwayar fata" da yawa, mutane da yawa suna fama da ƙyama. A halin yanzu, babu takamaiman magani don rashin lafiyar jiki, tare da kaucewa yanayi na ciki mai lalacewa kawai rigakafin murya. Duk da haka, ciwon fuka da ƙananan zazzabi, wanda shine alamun bayyanar cututtuka, za a iya bi da su.
Idan kunyi tunanin cewa kuna fama da rashin lafiyar jiki, yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi don saduwa da wani mai ciwo. Wani mai ciwo zai iya gwada fata ko jini don maganin rigakafi zuwa nau'in nau'i na yau da kullum kuma ya bada shawarwari masu dacewa akan halin da kake ciki.
Gyaran gyare-gyaren ginawa na iya taimakawa wajen fitar da tushen gina jiki daga ginin. Dole ne a maye gurbin kayan gine-gine da aka shafi. Duk da haka, irin gyaran na iya zama mai tsada, kuma ya fi dacewa don tuntubar masu sana'a na gyarawa kafin suyi wannan matakan.
A ƙarshe, tsarin gine-gine yana gurɓata tareda mold. Yana da muhimmanci a dauki mataki na gaggawa a yayin da aka gyara irin wannan tsari don hana ci gaba da bunkasa ƙwayar.
> Sources:
> Jirgin Balmes. Babi na 107. Mubaya. A: Olson KR. eds. Cigaba da Drug Overdose, 6th New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> Masu haya, AT, Chang, C, Gershwin, ME. Masihu da Lafiya na Mutum: Bincike na Gaskiya
> Chinoy B, Yee E, Bahna SL. Binciken fata a kan gwaji na radioallergosorbent don gwaji na cikin gida. Clin Mol Allergy. 2005; 3: 4. Clinic Rev Gyara Immunol (2017) 52: 305-322.
> Coop, CA. Immunotherapy don Muraɗar Al'umma. Clinic Rev Gyara Immunol (2014) 47: 289-298.
> Edmond, DA. Rashin lafiya da "cututtuka masu guba mai guba." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Feb 94 (2): 234-9.