Watakila tsarin rigakafi yana tunawa da zane-zane na jini mai tsabta akan kwayoyin cuta, ko kuma kwayoyin cutar da ke kai hare-haren mahaukaci-waɗannan su ne kare rayukan jikinka da kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya sa ku marasa lafiya. Bugu da žari, duk da haka, tsarin rigakafi ya zama sananne ga iyawarsa na ganewa, neman, da halakar ciwon daji.
Tare da irin wannan iko mai ƙarfi kamar tsarin tsarin rigakafi, dole ne ya zama hanyar yin amfani da abubuwa da yawa don kada al'amuran su kasance lafiya, ba a kai musu hari ba ta kuskure.
Abin farin ciki, an tsara tsarin rigakafin tare da wadannan katunan lafiya a wuri. Duk da haka, ciwon daji, wanda ya tashi daga sel wanda ya kasance al'ada, sau da yawa yana amfani da wadannan kariya don kare lafiyar su don guje wa tsarin ta'addanci. Wadannan kariya na kare lafiya (masarufi, ainihin) ana sani da ilimin kimiyya kamar yadda ba a gano shafuka ba , kuma magungunan da ke dauke da wuraren bincike sune masu hanawa.
Binciken Bincike
Kamar dai yadda matakan da ke faruwa a cikin kasuwanci da kayan aiki, shawarar da mutum ya yi na kashe wutar lantarki yana buƙatar "alamun" da "amincewa" da yawa kafin a fara motar ƙafafun - kowane sashen na iya ko kuma ba zai ɗaukar nauyin nauyin ba. sashi ba dole ba ne ya yanke shawara ba.
Kamar yadda irin wannan, yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin rikice-rikicen suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye tsarin da ba su da kariya daga bazawa ga wani mahaukaci na kasashen waje ko yin watsi da wani "kai" don mai haɗari mai haɗari. Wadannan kariya za su iya amfani dasu da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau don kauce wa kamuwa da cutar ba amma kuma masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi za su iya amfani da su don cire ciwon daji don kada su kasance "ganuwa" ga tsarin rigakafi .
Wannan shawara na kasuwanci na bunkasa wani sauye-sauye a wasu lokuta mahimmanci ya shafi haɗawa da "sashin kwayar mutuwa" - wato, shirin shirin mutuwa 1 (PD-1) wanda ke tsara mahimmancin martani a cikin kyallen takarda.
Masu maganin binciken su ne maganin likita don taimakawa T-Cells samun Dokokin Martabar
Hanyar PD-1 tana da "kai tsaye" zuwa ga T-cell, da mayakan da ba su da kariya da suke fita da kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau; Duk da haka, ba abin da ya tabbata cewa sojojin T-za su tsara kansu, su zama gaba, kuma su fara kawo karshen kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.
Wancan kuwa saboda wasu sassan suna da labari a kan t-cell da ayyukansu. Akwai alamomi masu yawa waɗanda zasu faru kafin sojoji su sami umarni na tafiya.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da zasu ƙayyade ko umarni na tafiyarwa shine mai karɓar PD1, wanda ke yin kama da babban shahararren sashin umurnin. "Shawarar" guda biyu da suka bada shawara akan yaki da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau sune PDL-1 da PDL-2. Wadannan mashawarcin yaki, PDL-1 da PDL-2, sune kwayoyin kwayoyin da suke ɗaukar masu karɓar PD1 a jikin T-cell. Lokacin da suka ɗaure suka gaya wa T-jikin su tsaya, cewa basu da umarnin tafiya a kan ciwon daji.
Ƙwayoyin Cancer Za Su Yi Gwada Kasuwanci Za su samar da "Mashawarci na Adiresi"
Wani lokuta lokuta lokuta lokuta lokuta lokuta kan cutar kanjamau sukan sanya kuri'a masu bada shawara kan yaki da yaki, a cikin sha'awar kansu. Daya ko duka PD-L1 da PD-L2, a kan sel a cikin kyallen takalma, ciki har da kwayoyin ciwon daji, za su iya ɗaura ga masu karɓar PD1 a jikin T da kuma hana aikinsu.
Tsayawa wannan hulɗar tsakanin PD-1 a jikin T da kuma 'yan wasansa guda biyu, waɗanda suke fitowa a kan wasu kwayoyin halitta, zasu iya haifar da ƙarawar kunnawa na T, da kuma jerin abubuwan da zasu haifar da amsawar mai kullun gaggawa.
Jiyya Wannan Target PD-1 ko PD-L1
Wasu kwayoyin cutar kanjamau suna samar da PD-L1 masu yawa, wanda zai taimaka musu su guje wa harin kai tsaye.
Masu bincike na ci gaba da kwayar cutar Drug zasu iya yin maganin cutar guda daya wanda ya sa ko dai mai karɓar PD-1 (general) ko kuma PD-L1 ligand (mai ba da shawara kan yaki da yaki) don bunkasa maganin rigakafi da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau, kuma an yi amfani da su wajen magance wasu cancers.
Da farko, an samu nasarar cike da ciwon sukari, amma yanzu ana nazarin waɗannan ciwon sukari don cutar cututtuka, ko kuma jini , kamar su cutar sankarar jini, lymphoma, da myeloma. A cikin lymphoma na Hodgkin na musamman, akwai ƙwayar ligand PD-1 (PD-L1 / 2) a cikin kwayoyin cutar kanjamau don haka akwai tsammanin game da rashin lafiyar Hodgkin lymphoma zuwa PD-1.
Tun da waɗannan maganin ya ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi ta hanyar cire wasu daga cikin hanyoyin tsaro, akwai damuwa cewa wannan zai iya haifar da rauni ga kwayoyin lafiya da kuma sakamakon illa a wasu mutane. Abubuwa masu banƙyama da suke hade da kwayoyin cuta PD-1-tarewa sun hada da itchiness, rash, da zawo. Kadan sau da yawa sukan iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani a cikin huhu, hanzarin zuciya, hanta, kodan, kullun hawan jini, ko wasu kwayoyin.
Yawancin magunguna da suka dace ko dai PD-1 ko PD-L1 ana gwada su a gwajin gwaji, da kuma kadai da haɗe da wasu kwayoyi. Sai dai wasu daga cikin wadannan jiyya sun sami izinin FDA don amfani da cutar ciwon daji har yanzu, amma da yawa ana nazarin yanzu a gwaji. Yayin da bincike ya ci gaba, za mu fahimci tsarin da yadda za mu sami iko da shi.
> Sources:
Ansell SM, Lesokhin AM, Borrello I, et al. PD-1 Blockade tare da Nivolumab a Relapsed ko Refractory Hodgkin ta Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372 (4): 311-319.
Pardoll DM. Ginin ta rigakafi a cikin ciwon daji immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012; 12 (4): 252-64.
Romano E, Romero P. Labaran warkewa na farfadowa da kwayar cutar PD-1 / PD-L1 a kan ciwon daji: ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin CD8 T da ke da tsangwama masu aiki na wutsiyoyi masu muhimmanci, ƙwararren ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙwayoyin ciwon daji. J Immunother Ciwon daji . 2015; 3: 15.
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Maƙasudin mawuyacin hali don magance ciwon daji.