Babban matsalolin ya ci gaba har ma yadda wayar da kan jama'a ke inganta
Indiya ita ce daya daga cikin kasashe masu yawanci a duniya da fiye da mutane biliyan da suke zaune a yanki inda kusan kashi uku na girman Amurka. Kamar yadda bincike daga Maulana Azad College College a New Delhi, kimanin kashi 6.3 bisa dari na yawan jama'a (kimanin 63 mutane miliyan) suna da wasu nauyin hasara na aiki .
Yayinda kullun ya kasance babban kalubale ga kasar da ke fama da matsanancin talauci-da mutane miliyan 276 dake zaune a kasa da matakan talaucin da aka tsara a jihar-suna sauyawa cikin sauƙi saboda fadada yawan jama'a da kuma inganta samun ilimi da horo ga masu saurare. wuya na ji.
Abokan Cikin Ƙasar Indiya
A matsayin kasa da kasa da yawancin harshe yanki, Indiya ta yi ƙoƙari don ɗaukar wani jami'in, harshen harshe daidaitaccen hanyar da Amurka ta yi a shekarun 1960 tare da harshen haɗin Amurka (ASL) .
Yayin da Indo-Pakistani sign language (IPSL) ana daukar nau'in amfani da aka yi amfani da shi a Kudancin Asiya, akwai bambancin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Indiya (ciki har da harshe alama ta Delhi, harshen alamar Bombay, harshen alamar Calcutta, da harshen Bangalore-Madras), kowannensu da kansu takamaiman takaddama da haruffa.
Hakazalika, TV ta rufe- an sanya lakabi a baya duk da yayinda yake kallo na kasa. Bayan rashin zuba jarurruka a fasahar, matakan da balagar balagagge ba (game da kashi 37.2 bisa dari, a cewar UNICEF) sun kara ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin mika waɗannan ayyuka ga jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, kawai kimanin kashi biyu cikin dari na yara kururuwa a Indiya suna zuwa makarantar, ci gaba da ci gaba da al'adu na rashin fahimta da rashin wadataccen tattalin arziki.
Ƙarin ƙalubalantar al'adar ita ce ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar al'umma da addini waɗanda sukan saba wa kurame kai tsaye ko kuma kai tsaye. Ɗaya daga cikin misalin nan ita ce Dokar Manu, ɗaya daga cikin litattafan litattafai na Hindu, wanda ya nuna cewa mutane da kurma ba za a yarda su mallake dukiya ba amma sun dogara da agaji na wasu.
Yayin da yawancin Indiyawan zamani suka yi la'akari da irin waɗannan abubuwa, irin wannan ci gaba na ci gaba da ciyar da rashin nuna bambanci da cewa rashin daidaito yana shafar rashin jin daɗin ji.
Ƙungiyoyin masu sauraro a Indiya
Duk da wadannan kalubale masu kalubale, an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don inganta matsalolin kurame da wuya a ji a Indiya. A yau, kasar tana da wasu ƙungiyoyi masu muhimmanci waɗanda aka sadaukar da kurma a cikin kasa, jihohi da kuma yankuna. Wadannan kungiyoyi suna taimakawa wajen tsara manyan ayyuka da kuma bada tallafi ta hanyar tallafawa yakin basasa kamar Satumba Shekarar kowace shekara a kowace Satumba.
Daga cikin wasu kungiyoyi masu mahimmanci:
- Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru (New Delhi)
- Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for Listening Makiya (Mumbai)
- Dukkan Ƙasar Indiya na Ƙwararru (New Delhi)
- Bihar Association of Kurji (Patna)
- Ƙwararren Ƙwararru (Bhopal)
- Ƙungiyoyin Delhi na Kurma (New Delhi)
- Ƙungiyar Foundation ta Delhi ga mata masu sauraro (New Delhi)
- Kamfanin Yammacin Bengal na Yammacin Kwalejin (Kolkata)
- Madras Association of Cigar (Chennai)
- Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Jihohi ta Tamil Nadu (Chennai)
- Dukan Makarantun Wasannin Wasanni na Indiya (New Delhi)
Harkokin Ilimi da Kwarewa a Indiya
A cikin shekarun 1960 da 70, Indiya za ta iya cewa ba fiye da makarantu 10 ba ne ga kurma a dukan ƙasar.
Yayin da har yanzu ba a isa ga hanyar tallafi na yara da yara ba, abubuwa suna inganta sosai. A yau, akwai daruruwan makarantun ba} ar fata a dukan fa] in} asar, tare da mafi girma a cikin jihohin Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, da kuma Delhi.
Daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi (ta hanyar jihohi):
- Ƙungiya don Ilimi na Kurma da Makafi (Andras Pradesh)
- Cibiyar Taimako don Kula da Magana (Haryana)
- Babban Cibiyar Harkokin Ilimi na Kurma (Maharashtra)
- Cibiyar Ilimi ta Ilimi da Cibiyar Nazarin (Maharashtra)
- Ilimin Ilimin Ƙira ga Mai Rarraba Mai Ji (Maharashtra)
- Shri Swami Samarth Special Training Training Institute (Maharashtra)
- Badhit Bal Vikas Kendra (Rajasthan)
- Ƙungiyar Taimakon Taron Calicut (Kerala)
- Cibiyar Helen Keller na Kurme da Ƙarƙashin (Maharashtra)
- Cibiyar Nazarin Multipurpose don Deaf Delhi)
- Kurãme da Dumb Industrial Institute na Latur (Maharashtra)
- Ƙungiyar Rehabilitation of India (Delhi)
> Sources:
> Garg, S .; Chandra, S .; Malhotra, S. et al. "Rashin hankali: nauyi, rigakafin, da kuma kulawa a Indiya." Natl Med J India. 2009; 22 (2): 79-81. PMID: 19852345.
> Bankin Ƙungiyoyin yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF). "Labari na Indiya". Geneva, Switzerland; sabunta ranar 27 ga Disamba, 2013.