Idan yawancin jini ya ɓace, ana iya buƙatar wani canji
Akwai lokuta idan mutane masu fama da cututtukan zuciya (IBD) zasu buƙaci karɓar jini daga mai bayarwa, kamar a lokacin da ake aiki da ƙwayar jiki ko kuma jini mai yawa ya ɓace ta wurin zub da jini a cikin gastrointestinal tract . Akwai hadarin da ke tattare da karbar jini, amma a gaba ɗaya, hanya ne da ke da haƙuri kuma, kamar yadda muka sani, zai iya ceton rayuka.
Kyautar jini
Yawancin lokaci, masu ba da agaji suna bayar da jini wanda aka kula da kuma "yarda" don ba da jini. Shirin tsari ya hada da tambayoyi game da lafiyar lafiya da kuma game da duk wani hadari na cututtuka. An cire jini kawai daga masu bada tallafi waɗanda aka sanya su da lafiya don yin haka. An gwada jini wanda aka ba da shi don sanin irin (A, B, AB, ko O) da kuma kariya ga cutar cutar hepatitis (B da C), HIV , HTLV (ƙwayoyin T-lymphotropic na mutum), cutar ta West Nile, da kuma Treponema pallidum (kwayoyin da ke haifar da syphilis).
Za'a iya ɗaukar jini kuma adana don amfanin kansa na gaba , ko kuma dangi zai ba shi. Yawancin lokaci, jini na mutum ya kori kuma ya ajiye shi a gaban wani tiyata inda za'a iya buƙatar wani canji. Wannan, ba shakka, za'a iya faruwa ne kawai a lokuta inda ake buƙata buƙata. Abokan iya bayar da gudummawar jini don yin amfani da kai tsaye ta hanyar mai haƙuri, ko da yake wannan ba yawanci la'akari da wani mafi aminci fiye da jini daga mai bada agaji.
Hanyar
Lokacin da mai haƙuri yana buƙatar jini, ana samun dacewa tsakanin jini mai bayarwa. An yi daidaituwa don tabbatar da cewa tsarin rigakafin mutumin da ke karbar jinin ba zai karyata shi ba. Jinin daga mai bayarwa yana daidaita da nau'in da Rh na mai karɓa. Ana tabbatar da gicciye sau da yawa, ciki har da gadon mai haƙuri, don tabbatar da cewa an bada daidai jini.
An yi fassarar jini a cikin intravenously, kuma yawanci 1 naúrar (500 ml) na jini an bai wa kimanin awa 4. Sauran kwayoyi irin su antihistamine ko acetaminophen kuma za'a iya ba su don taimakawa wajen hana karfin jini.
Matsaloli na Musamman da Suka Dama
Febrile Ne-hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. Mafi yawan abin da ya faru a cikin hadarin jini shine haɗarin transfusion ne wanda ba a haifa ba. Wannan zai iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, zafi, da rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, amma waɗannan suna da iyakancewa kuma ba sa kaiwa ga wahala mai tsanani. Wannan taron ya faru a kimanin kashi 1 cikin dari na karuwar jini.
Maganin Harkokin Sigar Harshen Hemolytic Mai Sauƙi. A cikin mummunan motsa jiki, maganin rigakafi daga tsarin rigakafi na mai haƙuri da ke karɓar jini akan masu jini mai bada kyauta kuma ya hallaka su. An saki Hemoglobin daga jini mai bayarwa a lokacin lalata kwayar halitta, wanda zai haifar da gazawar koda. Haɗarin wannan taron an kiyasta a 1 kowace kowace 12,000 zuwa 33,000 na jini jini.
Anafilactic reaction. Wannan mummunar rashin lafiya ne mai wuya wanda mai karɓa zai iya mayar da ita ga plasma mai bayarwa. Wannan shine barazanar rayuwa mai barazana kuma zai iya faruwa a lokacin hanyar fassarar ko wasu lokuta da yawa bayan haka.
Rashin hadarin anaphylactic shine kimanin 1 a kowace juyi na 30,000-50,000.
Magungunan haɗin gubar-vs-host (GVHD). Wannan gagarumar wahala yana faruwa ne a cikin masu karɓa mai tsanani. Kwayoyin jinin marasa daidaituwa daga jini mai ba da gudummawar cutar da ƙwayar lymphoid mai karɓa. GVHD kusan kusan kisa, amma wannan rikitarwa na iya hana shi ta amfani da jini mai yadu. Za'a iya cire jini idan an ba shi mai karɓa wanda ke cikin haɗarin GVHD.
Kamuwa da cuta.
Kwayoyin cutar bidiyo. Duk da yake an rage yawan hadarin kamuwa da cuta saboda tsarin binciken da masu bada taimako da jini suka bayar, har yanzu akwai hadarin waɗannan cututtuka.
Rashin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar fassarar jini guda ɗaya na jini shine kamar:
- Hepatitis B: 1 a 250,000
- Hepatitis C: 1 a miliyan 1.9
- HIV: 1 a cikin miliyan 2.1
- HTLV: 1 a cikin miliyan 2
Kwayar cuta ta hanyar cuta. Za a iya daukar kwayar cutar ta kwayan cuta idan akwai kwayoyin cutar a cikin jini. Zubar da jini yana iya gurɓata tare da kwayoyin cuta a lokacin ko bayan tarin, ko lokacin ajiya. Hadarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani shine kimanin 1 a cikin karuwanci 500,000.
Sauran cututtuka. Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta (cytomegalovirus, herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus), cututtuka (cutar Lyme, cutar Creutzfeldt-Jakob, brucellosis, leishmaniasis), da kuma parasites (kamar wadanda suka haddasa malaria da toxoplasmosis) na iya daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar jini, amma Waɗannan su ne rare.
Sources:
Kamfanin Pall. "Hanyoyin Cutar jini: Sanin Zaɓuɓɓuka." BloodTransfusion.com 2009. 17 Jul 2009.