Nazarin yana ƙayyade hakikanin ainihin duniya na tabbatar da gwajin gwajin HIV
Yayin da Amurka ke kokarin ƙara ganewa da kuma kula da mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV, an mayar da hankali a kan ƙayyade adadin gwaje-gwajen HIV a cikin saitunan duniya-ba kawai don rage yawan adadi na gaskiya ba kuma sakamakon binciken gwajin HIV ba daidai ba don samun ƙarin sanin mutane a farkon farkon (matsala) na kamuwa da cuta lokacin da hadarin watsa ya fi girma.
Don yin la'akari da wannan, masu bincike daga Jami'ar California, San Francisco sun gudanar da nazari akan kimanin 21,000 gwaje-gwajen HIV da aka ba tsakanin shekarun 2003 da 2008 a wasu daga cikin yawan mutanen da ke fama da cutar. Daga cikin gwaje-gwaje hudu da aka yi amfani da su a wannan lokacin-daga gwajin gwagwarmaya na farko da aka yiwa kwanan nan, lasisi, gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci-761 mutane aka kamu da kwayar cutar HIV (3.6% adadin), yayin da 58 aka gano a lokacin rashin lafiya.
Har ila yau, binciken yana nufin kwatanta daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje na gwaji-ciki har da gwaje-gwaje na antigen / antibody na 4th - ta hanyar daukar jini daga mutane 58 da aka gano a baya tare da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani.
An ƙaddara gaskiya a cikin ƙwarewar (yawan sakamakon gwajin da ya dace daidai) da kuma ƙayyadadden bayanai (yawan sakamakon gwajin da ke daidai).
| Nau'in Test | Alamar | Sensitivity daga 21,234 gwaje-gwaje | Musamman daga 21,234 gwaje-gwaje | Sensitivity for high infection daga 58 gwaje-gwaje |
| Nazarin gwaji na farko (jini) | HIV-1 Microelisa | 92.3% | 100% | 0% |
| 3rd ƙarni na gwaji (jini) | Kwayoyin Halitta HIV-1/2 | 96.2% | 100% | 34.5% |
| 3rd ƙarni m antibody gwaji (jini) | OraQuick Advance | 91.9% | 100% | 5.2% |
| 3rd tsara m antibody gwajin (yau) | OraQuick Advance | 86.6% | 99.9% | - |
| 3rd ƙarni m antibody gwaji (jini) | Uni-zinariya Recombigen | - | - | 25.9% |
| 3rd ƙarni m antibody gwaji (jini) | Multispot HIV 1/2 | - | - | 19.0% |
| 3rd ƙarni m antibody gwaji (jini) | Sunnyview Stat Pak | - | - | 5.2% |
| Rarraba na 4th hadewar antigen / antibody, (jini) | Ƙayyade HIV 1/2 Ag / Ab Combo | - | - | 54.4% |
| 4th generation Lab-tushen hade antigen / antibody gwaji (Lab) | GASKIYA HIV Ag / Ab Combo | - | - | 87.3% |
Menene Dukkan Wannan Ya Faɗa mana?
Da farko dai, daga ra'ayi na musamman, lambobin sun tabbatar da cewa tasirin abubuwan da ke faruwa na ƙarya ba su da ƙananan ƙananan, har ma tare da gwaje-gwaje a baya.
Ta hanyar kwangila, ragowar ƙarya ba daidai ba ne, tare da gwagwarmayar OraQuick na gaba mai gwadawa , tare da fiye da ɗaya daga cikin marasa lafiya 15 da ke samun sakamako mara kyau.
Adadin ya kara tsanantawa lokacin da aka nemi jinin daga cututtuka mai tsanani. Daga cikin nau'in samfurin 58 da aka jarraba, gwajin gwagwarmaya 3rd ya samu karfin jiki kawai na 5.2% zuwa 25.9%, yana nufin cewa yawancin irin wannan cututtuka ba za a rasa ta hanyar amfani da fasaha masu guba ba.
Har ma da ƙarni na 4 Dama ƙaddamar da gwagwarmayar antigen / antibody mai sauri ya iya gano rabin rabin cututtuka, duk da ciwon hankali na 96.6% da ƙayyadaddun 100%. Bisa ga masu bincike na UCSF, ƙaddarar ya yi aiki mafi kyau a lokacin rashin lafiya mai tsanani lokacin da aduwan yaƙin ya kamu da 500,000 ko mL.
Ba abin mamaki bane, haɗin gwiwar da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar jarrabawar antigen / antibody t ya yi mafi kyau na gwaji. Tare da ƙayyadadden ƙididdiga tsakanin 99.1% da kuma ƙayyadaddun 100%, gwaje-gwaje sun gano kusan kashi 90% na cututtuka mai tsanani.
Menene Wannan Yake Ma'anar Ni?
Dangane da zaɓin gwaji da kuma aikin, za a iya ƙaddara wannan ƙaddara:
- Kasuwanci, masu gwagwarmaya na kwayar cutar kanjamau sunyi mahimmanci gaba ɗaya, ba wai kawai a cikin hanyar gano ƙwayar cuta ba amma a dawo da mummunan kashi 7% .
- Haɗuwa da gwajin antigen / antibody HIV ya fi dacewa da cewa maganganun gargajiya na al'ada, musamman ma a lokacin babban matsala na kamuwa da cuta.
- Har ila yau, gwaje-gwaje na Lab suna ci gaba da nunawa a shafin yanar gizo, gwajin maganin HIV, musamman ma a lokuta na kamuwa da cutar HIV.
Da wannan aka ce, matakan da suka dace da hankali sune wani ɓangare na dalilin da yasa wasu gwaje-gwaje suka fi dacewa akan wasu.
Alal misali, yawancin mutane basu kasa komawa sakamakon cutar HIV ba bayan gwaji. Saboda haka, iyawa, don dawo da sakamakon gwajin a cikin minti 20 zuwa 30 yana gwada gwagwarmaya, musamman idan ya bada izini ga dakunan kwakwalwa don danganta mutumin nan da nan don kulawa.
Hakazalika, mutanen da suka shafi sirri ko damuwa game da cutar ta HIV za su iya zama mafi alhẽri ta hanyar shan jarrabawa a cikin gida ( hoto ).
Duk da yake akwai ƙananan bayanai don tantance ainihin adadin mutanen da suka haɗa da kulawa bayan sun sami sakamako mai kyau, sakamakon gida, an ɗauka cewa irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje sun ba da dama ga mutane da yawa waɗanda ba za su iya guje wa cibiyoyin gwaje-gwaje ko tsarin asibiti ba.
Source:
Pilcher, D .; Louie, B; Facente, S .; et al. "Gudanar da gwajin Rapid Point-of-Care da Laboratory gwaje-gwaje don m da kafa HIV infection a San Francisco." PLOS | Daya. Disamba 12, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0080629.
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Hankali na farko da aka yi amfani da shi - Yi amfani da Kitin HIV don Tabbatarwa." Bayanan Kiwon Lafiya na FDA. Silver Spring, Maryland; Yuli 2012; takardun: UCM311690.