Thyroidectomy: Tiyata don Cire Thyroid Gland

1 -

Thyroid tiyata

Yin aikin tiyata, wanda ake kira thyroidectomy, shine hanya don cire duk ko ɓangare na glandon thyroid. Anyi wannan don dalilai daban-daban, jere daga ciwon maganin thyroid har zuwa wani ci gaba mai banƙyama. Hanyar ƙwayar cuta ta bambanta bisa ga yanayin da ke shafi thyroid kuma yawancin thyroid dole ne a cire.

Glandar thyroid gwargwadon tsari ne kamar murfin malamai kuma ya kasance a gindin makogwaro. Ana iya jin shi akan jarrabawa a mafi yawan lokuta, amma al'ada ba a bayyane ne zuwa kallo na al'ada. Idan ana kara ciwon thyroid, yana iya kasancewa sosai sananne, a wasu lokuta zama girman girman golf. A mafi yawan marasa lafiya, akwai glanden hudu da ke kusa da glandon thyroid, wanda ake kira "parathyroid gland." Duk da yake sunan yana kama da na maganin thyroid, ayyukan thyroid da parathyroid sun bambanta.

2 -

Matsaloli na Thyroid

Akwai nau'o'in nau'i hudu na maganin thyroid wanda ke yin tiyata. Matsalolin maganin karoid mafi yawan su ne hypothyroidism da hyperthyroidism, waxanda suke da matsala tare da adadin hormone wanda gland ya ɓoye. Ƙarin matsalolin biyu da ke yin aikin tiyata da ake bukata dole ne cututtuka da suka bunkasa thyroid da ciwon daji na thyroid.

Karoid yana ɓoye nau'i biyu na hormones, thyroxine (T4) da triiodothyronine (T3). Wadannan hormones suna aiki tare don tsara tsarin jikin mutum.

Hypothyroidism wani cuta ne inda karoid ya haifar da kananan hawan mahaukaci kuma zai iya haifar da marasa lafiya jin dadi, rashin tausayi, damuwa da ciwo da wadata. Hypothyroidism na biyu shine matsalar maganin karoid wanda zai fara tare da daya daga cikin wasu glanders, da hypothalamus, da kuma pituitary. A wasu lokuta, hypothyroidism na iya haifar da yanayin barazanar rayuwa mai suna "myxedema coma".

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya sauke hypothyroidism tare da maye gurbin maganin karo (roba). Ba a yi amfani da tiyata sosai ba sai dai idan gland yana kara girma ko rashin lafiya.

Dalilin Hypothyroidism:

• Ƙananan maye gurbin karoid
• Rashin lafiyar jiki
• Radiation
• Tiyata don cire thyroid
• Tumo na thyroid - duka benign da cancerous
• Magunguna ciki har da Lithium, Amiodarone (Cordarone), Interferon da maye gurbinka

Hyperthyroidism shine ainihin kishiyar hypothyroidism, tare da yawan T3 ko T4 da aka samar. A yanayin an fi sani da overactive thyroid.

Dalilin Hyperthyroidism:

• Cututtukan cututtuka (mafi yawan sanadin)
• Yawan yawa aidin
• Yawan nauyin juyayi na thyroid
• Tumo na gwaji
• Tumo na ovaries

3 -

Parathyroid Gland: Menene Su?

Gilashin parathyroid sune glanden da yake huta a cikin wuyansa a kusa da thyroid, amma duk da irin kama da sunayen, suna aikata ayyuka daban-daban. Akwai kananan nau'in parathyroid da ke kusa da thyroid. Ba a yawan cire su ba a yayin da ake yin thyroidectomy.

Ayyukan parathyroid gland shine ya tsara adadin yawan alli a cikin jiki. Aikin gland da kuma ɓoye hormone parathyroid. Idan matakin ƙwayoyin calcium a jiki bai da yawa, an rufe ƙarin hormone. Yawancin alli a cikin jini da kuma glanden parathyroid ya rage matakin hormone.

Lokacin da aka saki hormone cikin jiki, ƙasusuwan jiki sun saki wasu daga cikin abincin su. Bayan lokaci, nauyin hormone na parathyroid zai iya haifar da osteoporosis, ko rauni da kasusuwa.

4 -

Gwaje-gwajen Kafin Kawayar Tiyata

Kafin aikin tiyata, za a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ciki har da nazarin jiki, gwaje-gwaje na jini, kuma ana iya yin biopsy . Wannan zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da yanayin yanayin ciwon thyroid da asalin matsalar. A wasu lokuta, glandar thyroid wanda ba ya rage yawan adadin hormone zai iya amsawa ga matsala tare da pituitary ko hypothalamus. Gwajin jini zai iya ƙayyade abin da gland shine matsalar.

Gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullum kafin maganin Thyroid:

• TSH: Sakamakon zai zama ƙasa don hyperthyroidism, mafi girma ga hypothyroidism
• T4: Babban halayen hyperthyroidism ne, wanda bai dace da hypothyroidism ba
• T3: Matakan da yawa suna nuna hyperthyroidism
• Bayanin Endoscopic: likita yana amfani da kayan aiki tare da haske da kyamara akan shi don dubi ciki na makogwaro da kuma yankin thyroid
• x-ray
• Biopsy : Za a iya yin amfani da ƙwayar magungunan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararren ƙira don bincika kwayoyin maganin ƙwayar ƙanƙara a ƙarƙashin microscope
• Yourroid scan

5 -

Dalilai ga Thyroid Tiyata

Akwai dalilai da dama da ke tilasta aikin tiyata. Wasu matsaloli suna shafi aikin thyroid, yayin da wasu kawai canza girman karoid. A wasu lokuta, karamin glandwar thyroid, ko da karoid yana aiki akai-akai, zai buƙaci tiyata. Wannan shi ne saboda thyroid ya kasance a saman iska kuma yayin da ya kara girma, zai iya haifar da numfashi numfashi.

Dalilai ga Thyroid Tiyata

• Ciwon daji na thyroid
• Hyperthyroidism wanda ba ya amsa wa sauran jiyya
• Hypothyroidism tare da fadada gland
• Goiter: Cikakken ƙwayar gland shine bazai iya rage aikin da iska da kuma esophagus suke yi ba

6 -

Risks na Thyroid Tiyata

Bugu da ƙari, irin hadarin da ke tattare da tiyata da kuma hadarin rashin ciwo , maganin da ake yi na thyroid yana da nasa hadari.

Risks na Thyroid Tiyata

• Tsarin baki ko matsalolin murya
• Canji na har abada a murya
• Sashin Ƙafa
• Dysphagia, wahala ta haɗiye
• Kwayoyin calcium (idan an cire ko ta ji rauni)

7 -

Irin Thyroid tiyata

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na tiyata. Don fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin hanyoyin, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci yanayin jikin glandon thyroid. Glandan yana kama da bayyanar siffar malam buɗe ido. Kowace "reshe" ta kunshi lobe, kuma suna haɗuwa da thyroid isthmus ko "jiki" na malam buɗe ido.

• Sakamakon lobectomy thyroid tiyata: An cire wani ɓangare na daya lobe na thyroid an cire
• Lobectomy thyroid tiyata: An dukan lobe na thyroid an cire
• Lobectomy tare da isthmusectomy thyroid tiyata: Daya lobe, tare da isthmus, an cire.
• Subtotal thyroidectomy: An cire yawancin thyroid, amma sashin aiki yana cigaba (yawanci ana amfani dashi don maganin cutar cututtuka)
• Duka Thyroidectomy: An cire duka lobes da kuma isthmus

8 -

Thyroid tiyata: Hanyar

Hanyar ƙwayar maganin kafa ta fara tare da shigar da wani bututun endotracheal , sannan bishiyoyin kulawa da ƙwayar cuta ta gaba. Da zarar anesthesia ya yi tasiri, aikin zai fara ne tare da rami mai inci 2 inci 4 inci mai tsawo wanda ya shimfiɗa a sama a kan thyroid. Bisa ga gwaje-gwaje da aka yi kafin tafiyarwa da bayyanar karoid, an tabbatar da ƙaddarar da za a cire daga thyroid.

A wannan lokaci, an cire rabon ko ɓangaren karoid ɗinka ta amfani da ɓacin rai. Ana kula da kulawa na musamman kada ku cutar da shi ko kuma kuɓutar da giraben parathyroid da muryoyin murya, dukansu biyu a cikin wuyansa a kusa da thyroid.

Za a iya amfani da kwayar halitta don nazarin kyallen takalmin maganin karoid, da parathyroid da, a lokuta masu wuya, a cikin ƙananan lymph . Anyi wannan don tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren karoid wanda aka bari, idan wani, ba rashin lafiya bane. A wasu lokuta, magungunan yana nazarin lafiyar jiki a nan da nan, don haka tiyata ta biyu don cire wani ɓangaren cututtuka na thyroid ba lallai ba ne.

Da zarar an cire thyroid kuma an dauki samfurori masu dacewa, an bincika yankin don zub da jini. Da zarar likitan likita ya amince da cewa babu jini, yanzu an rufe shi. Ana iya rufe shi da matakai ko sutures , kuma a wasu lokuta, ana iya sanya ragi mai tsabta don cire ruwa daga yankin a cikin kwanakin bayan tiyata.

Da zarar an haɗa bandage mai asali zuwa gaji, an gama aikin tiyata. An dakatar da ciwon rigakafi kuma an ba da magani don farkawa mai haƙuri. Ana ɗauke da mai haƙuri zuwa ɗakin doki don a kula da shi yayin da sauran cututtukan suka rage.

9 -

Aka dawo da bayan Thyroid tiyata

Bayan aikin tiyata, za a kai ka zuwa dakin daki. Yana da al'ada don jin zafi a cikin wuyanka bayan tsarin maganin thyroid. Ƙunƙararka na iya zama ciwo, kuma yana iya zama mummunan magana da hadiye. Wannan shi ne al'ada nan da nan bin hanyar. A mafi yawancin lokuta, za ku zauna a asibiti don fararen rana ta farko don dawo da ku don kowane rikitarwa, kamar jini ko wahalar numfashi.

Da farko, za a iyakance ku akan shan ruwa. Idan za ku iya sha ruwa ba tare da matsala ba, za ku fara fara cin abinci mai laushi na safe. A mafi yawancin lokuta, za ku iya dawowa cikin abinci na yau da kullum a cikin sa'o'i 72 na tiyata, tare da magance matsalolin da ba a sani ba.

Yawancin marasa lafiya suna iya dawo gida a cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan hanya. Kafin fitarwa, za a ba ku umarnin kan yadda za ku kula da ƙwaƙwalwarku ta jiki da lokacin da za ku ga likitan likitanku.

10 -

Life Bayan Thyroid Tiyata

Bayan tiyata don cire thyroid, jikinka zai sake samar da dole thymon hormones. Wadannan hormones za a maye gurbin su tare da kwayoyin maye gurbin hormone. Duk da yake synthroid wani nau'i ne na maye gurbin horroid din thyroid, zaka iya gano cewa mutane suna kallon dukan sassan maganin maye gurbin maganin karoid kamar "synthroid".

Canjin karoid zai iya fara nan da nan bayan tiyata ko kuma za'a iya farawa bayan makonni da yawa, dangane da yanayin da ya dace da tiyata. Da zarar an fara maye gurbin hormone, za a buƙaci a kula da shi sosai don hana bayyanar cututtuka na hyper ko hypothyroidism.

Hakanan za'a iya kula da matakin asalin da kuma bitamin D cikin jininka. A wasu lokuta, kariyar yau da kullum zai zama dole kowace rana. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiyar idan jinin parathyroid ya shiga cikin hanya.

Da zarar an magance maganin da kyau, ya kamata ka fara jin matakin makamashi na al'ada. Kwayar cututtuka na bargaɗi mai gudana, gajiya da jin dadin gaji ya kamata a ruwaito wa likita manajan maganin maganin thyroid-maye gurbin.

Idan ka fuskanci matsaloli masu gudana tare da muryarka ko hoarseness bayan tiyata, bari likitanka ya san. Yayinda waɗannan cututtuka sun kasance al'ada nan da nan bayan an tilasta su aiki, ya kamata su warware a lokacin dawo da tsari.

> Sources:

> Magani na Parathyroid. Endocrineweb.com

> Ciwon Lafiya na Thyroid Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasar

> Gwada Ayyukan Thyroid. Ƙasar Amirka Thyroid Association