"Shin, ba abin mamaki bane," in ji Shakespeare mai yawan gaske game da Babu wani abu , "cewa tumakin tumakin ya kamata su tsira rayukan jikinsu?" Harshen dajin na Elisabethan lyres da sautin lantarki na maɓalli na yau da kullum suna da irin wannan manufa-jigilar nau'in halittu masu rai da kuma siginonin lantarki wanda ke hada kwakwalwa da tunani na mutum.
Ta yaya raƙan ruwa na iska mai motsawa wanda ke motsa mugayenmu yana haifar da tattake ƙafafun ko idanu masu ido?
Yaya wani wanda ba tare da horo na horo ya san ko wani kiɗa ya ji daidai ko a'a? Me yasa wani yanki na kiɗa ya sa abokinmu yayi murmushi amma ya bar mu sanyi?
Kiɗa da Kai
Mu ne kwakwalwarmu, kuma abubuwa kaɗan suna rinjayar mu, sabili da haka tsarinmu na juyayi, kamar kiɗa na iya. Neuroscientists sun yi mamaki game da wannan al'amuran duniya da kuma abin da mutum yayi. Yayinda sauran dabbobi, irin su tsuntsaye ko whales, suna yin amfani da kiɗa don sadarwa, mutane suna da ban sha'awa game da halitta da amfani.
Wata hanya ta kusantar waɗannan tambayoyi ita ce ta hanyar nazarin al'amura masu ban mamaki. Alal misali, wasu mutanen da ke fama da lahani ko ƙaddararsu na musamman a wasu ɓangarori na kwakwalwarsu suna fama da tausayi-wato, ba za su iya samarwa ko kuma yabon sauti ba. A cikin rare cuta musicogenic epilepsy, jin wasu songs (har ma da kyau songs) iya haifar da epileptic seizures .
Yanayin kwayoyin cutar Ciwo na Williams yana haɗuwa da sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, amma rage yawan damar iya aiki a wasu yankuna masu bincike.
Ta hanyar nazarin irin waɗannan ƙananan lokuta da kuma yin amfani da wasu hanyoyin bincike, masana kimiyya sun fara fahimtar asirin musika. Wasu suna ganin yana da amfani don rarraba kwarewar kiɗa cikin abubuwa uku: fahimtar sauti, fahimtar kiɗa, da kuma fuskantar motsin zuciyarmu.
Sanin sauti
Da zarar raƙuman raƙuman ruwa sun shiga cikin eardrum, tsarin mai juyayi zai fara tsara sauti. An shirya jigilar gashi a cikin abin da ke cikin kunnen ciki saboda ƙananan kwakwalwa suna ƙarfafa kwayoyin a kusa da jimillar kuma ƙananan ƙananan haɗin gwiwar ƙwaƙwalwar ginin. An kafa wannan ƙungiyar yayin da aka kawo siginar ta hanyar kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwar kwakwalwa har zuwa cikin kwayar halittar kwayar halitta ta thalamus. Daga wannan duniyar, alamun motsa jiki suna fitowa zuwa ɓawon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa a wani ɓangare na lokutan lobe.
Sanin kiɗa
Ba'a fahimtar anatomy da physiology na kida ba tare da fahimtar su a matsayin ainihin fahimta ba. Wannan bangare na godiya gamsu yana faruwa a gabanal da na lobes, wani juyin halitta sabon ɓangare na kwakwalwa wanda ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Lobes na gaba suna da nasaba da irin nau'in halayyar da masanin farfesa Joseph Waters ya ambata, don haka yana iya kasancewa tare da fahimtar jumloli daban-daban, rhythms, da jigogi na wasa.
Wasu masu bincike sunyi nazarin yadda masu kida suka gane kiɗa kamar yadda suka saba da masu ba da kida. Wasu binciken nazarin hoto sun nuna cewa lokacin sauraren kiɗa, ƙashin hagu na kwakwalwa ya shiga cikin masu kida fiye da masu kiɗa.
Haƙƙin hagu na kwakwalwa an yi la'akari da shi yadda ya kamata, kuma yana nuna ƙarin ƙwarewar kiɗa a cikin masu sauraro sosai.
Kiɗa da motsi
Duk da yake lobes na gaba zai iya taimakawa wajen gane da kuma fahimtar bangarori daban-daban na kiɗa, akwai shakka fiye da kiɗa fiye da bincike na hankali. Hanyoyin motsin zuciyar da kullin ke motsawa shine abin da mafi yawan mu ke dawowa don ƙarin. Ɗaya daga cikin halayen kiɗa shine cewa nau'in kiɗa ba ya haɗu da kwarewarmu. Alal misali, zamu iya sauraron mummunar mummunan yanayi kuma muna jin wani matsayi na baƙin ciki, yayin da muke jin dadin wannan kwarewa sosai.
Mawuyacinmu na faɗi yadda ake amfani da wani nau'i na kiɗa don sa mu ji dasu tare da shekaru masu tasowa a yara. Yayinda yara suka tsufa, da ikon haɓaka maɓallan mahimmanci da sauri tare da farin ciki da ƙananan maɓallai da jinkirta jinkirin tafiya tare da baƙin ciki ya zama mafi daidaituwa. Wannan bangare na godiya garesu an haɗa shi da aiki a lobe na gefen hagu da kuma ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar baya.
Muna jin ikon wasu kiɗa tare da jikinmu duka. Ƙaramar jin dadi yana kunna kwakwalwa na kwakwalwar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, cibiyar da aka biya ta hanyar ƙauna da ƙwayar magunguna. Ƙungiyar kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa ta ƙunshi wani ɓangaren hanyoyin da ke tattare da hypothalamus, cibiyar cibiyar kwakwalwa ta haɗa da tsarin kula da jiki na jiki. Wannan zai iya haifar da ƙara yawan zuciya, canje-canje a yanayin motsa jiki, har ma da ma'anar "bala'i."
Coda
Music yana da mahimmanci ga aikin kwakwalwar mu. Kiɗa yana rusa mu a matsayin jarirai kuma yana da yawa daya daga cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwar da ta fi tsayayya da mummunar tashin hankali lokacin da muka tsufa. Harshen kiɗa akan ɗan adam yana da d ¯ a. Shaida ta farko na katunan katunan mutum yana da kimanin shekaru 50,000 daga sautin kafar da aka samu a cikin kogo. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da zasu iya koya game da wani mutum yana dadi a dandano. Ta hanyar koyon yadda kwakwalwa yake jin dadin kiɗa, masu binciken likitoci suna fata su ƙara koyo game da abin da wannan ke haifar da mu musamman kuma musamman mutum.
Sources:
Steven A Sparr, Amusia da musicogenic epilepsy. Rahoton Neurology da Neuroscience Reports (2003) Volume: 3, Issue: 6, Shafuka: 502-507
Brain Musical: Tarihi da Kimiyya. Antonio Montinaro Duniya Neurosurgery Mayu 2010 (Vol. 73, Issue 5, Shafukan 442-453).
Brandy R. Matthews, Babi na 23 Cikin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa, Littafin Jagora na Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta 2008; 88 (): 459-469.