Akwai ABA da yawa. Wanne Ya Dama ga Yaro?
An yi amfani da Abinda Yayi Zama (ABA) a matsayin "ma'auni na zinari" idan yazo da farfadowa na autism. Amma yana da masu rikici. Wasu mutane (musamman masu aiki masu tsauraran ra'ayoyinsu masu tsauraran ra'ayi) suna jin cewa fasaha yana da lalata kuma, a yawancin lokuta, mummunan yaron.
Kwararrun masana sun gaya wa iyaye cewa ABA shine mafi kyau ga yara waɗanda ke da siffofin autism mafi tsanani - kuma suna ba da shawarar ci gaba ko ci gaba a maimakon ABA.
Ƙaddamarwa da kuma wasa sun fi mayar da hankali kan hulɗar juna, sadarwa, da kuma haɗakarwar tunanin yayin da ABA (ba abin mamaki ba) an mayar da hankali sosai a kan hali.
Gaskiyar ita ce, yara za su iya samun ci gaba da ci gaban halayyar mutum, don haka zabi bai zama dole ba. Amma ABA ba daidai ba ne ga yara masu girma da autism?
Dalilin da yasa babu wanda ya kasance "Bayan" Sauyawa na hali
Gudanar da ƙa'idodi, a kanta, hanya ce kawai ta koyar da halin da ake bukata ta hanyar bayar da lada ga biyan kuɗi (ko sakamakon da ba a bi ba, kodayake ƙarfin ƙarfafa ya fita daga cikin style a cikin 'yan shekarun nan). Muna amfani da matakan halayya idan muka ce "za ku ji dadi idan kun gama peas," ko "za ku iya fita tare da abokanku idan kuna tsabtace ɗakin ku." Abokan aiki suna amfani da fasaha na halayyar halayya yayin da suke ba da kariya ga cimma wasu manufofi.
Yin jiyya nagari yana da tasiri ga yara da yawa tare da autism.
Makasudin maganin hali shine don taimakawa yara su karbi matakin ƙwarewar yawancin yan uwan. An tsara wannan shirin don ƙaddamar da bangarori na ƙarfin da kuma yankunan raunin musamman ga kowane yaro. Saboda haka, har ma yara masu girma suna iya amfana daga magani na hali.
Me ya sa ba za a iya ba ABA ba a Hanyar da ta dace ga Ɗanka
ABA wata hanya ne mai kulawa don koyar da yara tare da autism. Saboda haka, ana bayar da shi sau da yawa a cikin mahallin "kundin tsarin autism" wanda ke ba da yara ga yara da ƙananan cututtuka. Yawancin yara da suke ciyar da kwanakin su a cikin '' 'autism' '' suna ciyarwa ko kadan a cikin ilimin ilimi na gaba. Idan kana da wani babban ɗa mai aiki wanda yake da hankali da kuma halin da zai iya koya a ɗakin ajiyar ilimi , ɗakin "autism" yana iya zama mara kyau .
Ana iya bayar da ABA a cikin saiti daya-daya. Wannan zai iya taimaka wa yaron da ke koyon ilimin ƙwarewa ko wanda bai iya yin aiki tare da takwarorina a filin wasa ba ko a wani wuri na al'ada. Domin yaro mafi girma, duk da haka, ABA ya kamata a miƙa shi a cikin "ainihin duniya" saitin. Idan masu tasowa na ABA basu iya yin aiki tare da yaro a wuri na halitta , ABA na iya zama mara kyau.
Bisa ga Cibiyar Lovaas da kuma masu samar da ABA da dama, ABA ya kamata a bayar da shi tsawon sa'o'i a mako ( 40 hours shine "manufa" ). A wannan matakin na tsanani, ba zai yiwu ba yarinya ya shiga cikin wani abu ba tare da farfadowa a waje ba.
Babu wasanni, babu kiɗa, ba lokaci ba - sai dai idan wani mai ilimin likitancin ABA yake aiki tare da yaron a lokacin da yake bayan ayyukan makarantar. Idan kana da wani yaro wanda zai iya shiga cikin ayyuka na al'ada, kuma ABA zai sa waɗannan ayyukan ba zai yiwu ba, ABA na iya zama zabi mara kyau.
Ta yaya ABA ya kamata a haɓaka don yaro mai mahimmanci
Shin zai yiwu ga wani yaro mai yiwuwa ya kasance mai tsayi sosai don aiki da zane- zane (ABA)?
Cibiyar Lovaas, wanda ke da ƙwarewa a (da kuma hidima) ABA na autism, yana ba da wannan bayani:
Gaba ɗaya, akwai ƙananan bayanan da aka samo a cikin binciken ɗan adam, takardun binciken da ke kwatanta sakamakon sakamakon labarun kwaikwayon ga "yara marasa aiki" da "yara masu girma".
Duk da haka, dole ne a sanya maki masu zuwa:
- Makasudin maganin hali shine don taimakawa yara su karbi matakin ƙwarewar yawancin yan uwan. Yin jiyya ba wai kawai shirin ba ne don koya wa yaron magana, ko buƙatar, ko kuma buga abubuwa. Yana da kyakkyawan tsari wanda ya hada da koyar da halayen halayyar da kuma basirar zamantakewa kamar su fahimtar fuska da fushi da wasu mutane, haɓaka halayyar zamantakewar al'umma, maganganu na jin tausayi, da kuma yin magana da takwarorinsu a kan batutuwa daban-daban fiye da ƙuntata iyakar bukatun .
- Zaman lafiyar jiki na iya zama da bambanci sosai ga "mai-aiki" da kuma "mai girma-aiki " tare da autism. Bugu da ƙari ga gwaji masu rarrabe, wasu hanyoyin kirkira na halin kirki kamar koyarwar bazara, samfurin bidiyon, da kuma daidaitawa a cikin yanayin yanayi na iya ƙarfafawa sosai.
- Ƙwararrakin ƙwararrakin ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin taimakawa yaron domin ya iya koya a cikin saitunan da ba a tsara ba a nan gaba (alal misali, a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu laushi). Duk da haka, koda a cikin wadannan saitunan marasa tsari, ka'idodin yin amfani da labarun yin amfani da su shine mahimmanci ga nasarar da yaron ya samu. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ka'idodin sun hada da: 1) ƙayyade dabi'u masu lahani don canji, 2) bincika aikin rashin dacewa, 3) ƙarfafa hali masu dacewa, da kuma 4) cigaba da cigaba a hankali.
A taƙaice, iyaye wadanda suka watsar da zubar da ciki saboda an gaya musu yaro ya riga ya "yi aiki mai karfi" yana iya rasa aikin shiga. Ƙungiya mai lafaziyar da ta kwarewa wajen kula da hali ga yara tare da autism ya kamata su iya gwada ɗan yaro sannan su tattauna da iyayen iyayen wasu manufofi na musamman da kuma koyar da hanyoyi dangane da ƙwarewar ɗayansu da bukatunsu. Iyaye za su iya yanke shawara game da dacewar kulawa da ɗan haifa ko ɗayansu.
> Sources:
> Cohen, Howard, Amerine-Dickens, Mila, Smith, Tristram. (2006). Hanyar daji na farko: Amfani da UCLA Model a cikin Ƙungiyar Saiti. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27 (2), 145-155.
> Downs, Andrew & Smith, Tristram. (2004). Amincewa na Motsa jiki, Tattaunawa, da Harkokin Lafiya na Jama'a a cikin Ayyuka masu Ayyuka da Autism. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 34 (6), 625-635.
> Lovaas, OI (1987). Gudanar da jiyya da kuma ilmantarwa na al'ada da ilimi a cikin yara matasa. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 3-9.
> Smith, T., Groen, AD, Wynn, JW (2000). Jaddada gwaji na m azabtarwa na farko don yara tare da juna > rashin ci gaba. Jaridar Amirka ta Rushewa na Mental, 105, 269-85.
> Sallows, Glen O. & Graupner, Tamlynn D. (2005). Magangancin Jiyya na Yara da Yara ga Yara da Autism: Abubuwan Shekaru hudu da Masu Mahimmanci. Jarida na Amirka game da rushewa na tunanin mutum, 110 (6), 417-438.