Daya yana iya kaiwa ɗayan, amma ba su da ɗaya
Raunin kafar da ciwon kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa shine duka kalmomin da ke nuna alamun matsaloli masu tsanani tare da kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa da kuma ikonta na sake dawowa da kuma haifar da rayuwa ta al'ada a cikin dogon lokaci. Traumatic kwakwalwa rauni ya fi takamaiman matsala tare da kwakwalwa da take kaiwa zuwa wasu irin m kasawa (dogon lokaci asarar aiki).
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, rufe lalacewar rauni shi ne mafi yawan maganganun da aka saba amfani dasu don bayyana motar (ƙwayoyin tsoka) da kuma jin daɗin jiki (iya jin, gani, taɓawa, dandano ko wari) irin rauni.
Don fahimtar yadda raunin raunin ya bambanta daga cututtukan da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya ya buƙaci fahimtar ainihin jikin mutum da kwakwalwa. Kullun shine yanayin da yake riƙe da kuma kare kwakwalwa.
Skull da Brain: Ba Same
Kullin yana da tasiri sosai don kare lafiyarmu daga lalacewa. An sanya shi da wasu kasusuwa da dama tare da juna (ma'anar cewa sun yi girma tare, ba wai wani ya sa su tare ba). Kwanyar (wanda aka fi sani da cranium ) yana rufe kan kwakwalwa wanda yake da fuka-fuka huɗu, lebur, mai lankwasa da ake kira gefen gaba, dama da hagu, da ƙasusuwan occipital. An kafa tushe daga kwanyar da yawa daga kasusuwa, ciki har da ethmoid, lokaci, wani ɓangare na gaba, da kuma ɓangaren occipital. Kwaƙwalwar tana zaune a saman gindin kwanyar kuma ƙwanyar kwanyar ta rufe akan kwakwalwa don kare shi daga rauni. Gaba ɗaya, ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa tana cike da kashi a yayin da dukkanin jikin mutum ya kasance kuma ba shi da lafiya.
Layer na Kariya
Gina daga waje a ciki, a cikin cikin kwanyar an ɗaure tare da wani ƙananan membrane wanda ake kira dura mater (fassara na latin: mahaukaciyar mama). A ƙasa da dura mater shine pia mater (mahaifiyar) da kuma tsakanin dura mater da pia mater shine Layer arachnoid, wani launi mai laushi wanda ake kira saboda yana kama da gizo-gizo lokacin da aka duba a karkashin wani microscope.
Wadannan abubuwa uku sune ake kira su meninges kuma suna samar da kariya da kayan abinci ga kwakwalwa. Cerebrospinal fluid yana gudana ta cikin Layer Layer, wanke kwakwalwa a sukari da kuma na gina jiki. Ruwa yana bawa kwakwalwa motsawa da zub da kai ba tare da lalacewa daga ƙananan hanyoyi da ƙungiyoyi ba. Jinin yana gudana ta cikin meninges da kwakwalwa. A lokuta da dama, zub da jini shine abin da ya sa raunin rufi ya raunana.
Rufe Raunin Shugaban
Duk wannan kashi ba ma yana gafartawa idan yazo da kumburi ko zub da jini a cikin kwanyar. Ƙashi yana riƙe da siffar kuma ba ya ƙyale kowane matsin da za a sauke shi a yayin zub da jini. Yayin da jini ya tattara a cikin kwanyar, ƙarar da ke karuwa ta ƙaddara kwakwalwa, wanda zai iya lalata kwakwalwar kwakwalwa.
Bayan jini, wasu ruwaye zasu iya tara a cikin kwanyar kuma suna haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa. Cikakken lalacewa zai iya karawa daga sauran ruwa kuma matsalolin sakamakon zai iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa ga nau'in kwakwalwa. Wannan annabci ne mai cikawa; kumburi yana haifar da lalacewa, wanda zai haifar da kumburi.
Muddin kwanyar ta kasance cikakke, kowane irin zub da zubar jini ko kumburi a cikin kwanyar da ke rufe ya kai ga wannan karuwa. Tun da kwanyar ta kasance cikakke, muna kira cewa rauni ne mai rauni.
A wasu kalmomi, kwanyar ba ta kyale a kwashe matsa lamba kamar yadda jini ko ruwa ya tara saboda an "rufe" maimakon "bude" (hutu a cikin kwanyar da ya bari jini ko ruwa ya tsere daga kwanyar da rage yawan ƙarfin).
A cikin ɓoye na kwanyar kafa, ɓangarori ko ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓoye na gubar kwanyar kai don rasa ruwa ko jini a kwakwalwa. Kamar dai yadda ya shafi aikin kwakwalwa, amma raunin da ya rufe kansa ya bayyana ta hanyar karuwa.
Nau'o'in Rashin Raunin Kai
Rashin ciki a cikin kwanyar ya fito ne daga dalilai masu yawa, amma mafi yawan iri sune daga zub da jini a cikin kwanyar (wanda ake kira ciwon jini).
Magungunan ciwon daji da hematomas sun kasance misalai na zub da jini a cikin kwanyar (hematoma), ko dai a sama ko ƙasa da dura mater.
Ruwa sama da dura mater (epidural) daga jini ne, wanda yake da karfi da kuma zubar da zubar da jini fiye da magunguna. Ruwa daga ƙasa da dura mater (subdural) mai raɗaɗi ne, wanda yake da hankali kuma yana da tsayi don tara a cikin kwanyar.
Bayan magunguna da kuma hematomas, suna iya zubar da jini fiye da lakabiyar jiki ( sankarar subarachnoid ). Ana hade da ko dai damuwa ko kuma wasu yanayi na kiwon lafiya kamar ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta ko ɓarna mai ƙyama (AVM), duka biyu zasu iya haifar da bugun jini .
Kwanyar Fractures
Kullun yana da wuyar gaske, amma ba mai lalacewa ba. Ana iya ƙwace shi ko karya, kamar kowane kashi. Rashin fadi ko karya kasusuwan kasusuwa zai iya haifar da zub da jini ko watsi da ruwa mai mahimmanci (CSF) wanda ke wanke kwakwalwa kuma yana gudana ta hanyar launi na manomes.
Kwanƙarar kwanyar mutum shine mummunan rauni. Mafi mummunar wadannan zasu iya sa shugaban ya zama maras kyau idan kwanyar ta rushe ya zama mummunan cewa yana rarraba kashi. Yawancin ɓacin launuka suna da ƙwarewa, suna nuna kansu ta hanyar alamu kamar jini ko kuma CSF daga kunne ko hanci.
Fractures daga ƙasusuwan da suka zama tushe daga kwanyar (kasusuwa da kwakwalwa ke kasance akan lokacin da kai ke cikin matsayi na tsaye) suna da wuyar ganewa. A wannan yanayin, zub da jini daga fashewar zai iya haifar da raunin jini lokacin da jini ya karbi bayan kunnuwan (yakin yaƙi) ko kusa da idanu (periorbital ecchymosis).
Ƙara Ƙarawar Intracranial
Duk waɗannan zai iya haifar da ƙara karuwa a cikin kwanyar ( matsa lamba intracranial ). CSF, da jini wanda ke gudana a cikin kwakwalwan da ke kewaye, ya kamata ya yi aiki sosai, idan akwai, a kan kwakwalwa kanta. Ƙãra ICP yana haifar da lalacewa ga kwakwalwa. Wannan lalacewa ne da gaske yake ƙidayar.
Kwaƙwalwar ba ta da wani dakin yin aiki a cikin kwanyar da kuma dacewa da ƙara ICP. A cikin matsanancin hali, matsa lamba a cikin kwanyar zai iya motsa kwakwalwa zuwa babbar buɗewa a gindin kwanyar, wanda ake kira maƙalar ƙwararriya (fassara ta ainihi: babban rami ). Tana cikin wannan rami cewa ƙuƙwalwar ƙwalƙwara ta haɗa da kwakwalwa. Yana iya zama babban budewa, amma muna magana kawai ne kawai ko biyu ko uku, amma babu iyaka ga dukkan kwakwalwa don fita.
Yayin da kwakwalwa ta raguwa ta hanyar girman mai girma, to amma ana lalata kuma lalacewa ta haifar da matsin lamba zuwa kwakwalwa. Dukkanin, ba kyau.
Traumatic Brain Rauni
Har ya zuwa wannan lokaci, dukan tattaunawa ya kasance akan raunin da ya faru a cikin kwanyar ko ƙwayar nama wanda ke kewaye da kwakwalwa, ƙarfin ginin a cikin tsarin rufe jikin, ko ta hanyar zub da jini ko sauran juyawa. Duk wani matsin lamba-ko dai ta kai tsaye ko a kaikaice-a kan kwakwalwa abu zai iya haifar da rauni a kai.
Wannan mummunan kwakwalwa ne na rauni: lalacewar ainihin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Yana canza aiki na kwakwalwa, wani lokaci har abada. Za mu iya ganin aikin canzawa ta hanyar alamu kamar ƙananan almajirai, rashin ƙarfi na damuwa, rikice-rikice , wahalar magana, hasara na sani , da dai sauransu. Lokacin da muke magana game da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, muna kira waɗannan alamu ƙare .
Baya ga deficits da suka hada da alamun kwakwalwa rauni, da traumatic kwakwalwa rauni (TBI) haƙuri na iya kora da bayyanar cututtuka. Mai haƙuri na TBI zai iya samun ciwon kai, tashin hankali, ganin matsala, ko kuma yin sauti a kunnuwa (tinnitus).
Kamar dai akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na rauni da kuma rufe kansa rauni, akwai kuma iri daban-daban ko matakan TBI. Raunin kai tsaye ga kwakwalwa (raunin gungun, alal misali) zai iya haifar da raguwa fiye da wani abu kaɗan. Lalle ne, wasu raunin raunin ya jawo wa kwakwalwa raunuka sosai sannu-sannu cewa yana da sauƙi ba tare da la'akari da raguwa ba ko kuma mai haƙuri zai iya fahimtar muhimmancin alamun.
Ƙunƙwasa-Contrecoup
Coup-contrecoup (pronounced coo-contra-coo ) wani nau'i ne na ciwo ga kwakwalwa wanda ya zo daga busa zuwa kai. Mai haƙuri zai iya dakatar da kwatsam-fashe ko hatsarin mota - ko wani abu zai iya buga shi. A ko dai misali, kwakwalwa bata canza gudun a daidai lokacin da kwanyar ba, yana sa shi ya shiga cikin murhu (juyin mulki) sa'an nan kuma billa da baya kuma ya fuskanci kishiyar sashin cranium (contrecoup).
Mafi yawan juyin juya-hali na yau da kullum shine rikicewa . Wani rikicewa wani lokaci ake magana a kai a matsayin mai kyau TBI kuma bazai kai ga wani m m deficits.
Cunkushe a kusa da kwakwalwa a cikin cranium zai iya haifar da dukkanin zubar da jini na intracranial da muka yi magana game da sama, amma kuma yana iya haifar da lalacewa ta ainihi ga kwakwalwa, wanda muke gani a takaice. Sauran raunin da aka samu a cikin masu jefa kwallo, sojoji, da kuma 'yan wasan kwallon kafa: Duk wani abu da ke haifar da ƙwanƙwasa a kan filin.
Aka dawo da TBI
Kwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa ce mai mahimmanci. An yi tunanin tsawon shekaru cewa duk wani lalacewar kwakwalwa yana da dindindin, amma mun san mafi kyau a yanzu. Alal misali, ƙuƙwalwar katako, ba a yi la'akari da kasancewar asarar kwakwalwa ba. Doctors yanzu gane cewa rikicewa lalacewar lalacewar kwakwalwa nama da kuma maimaita rikicewa na iya samun sakamako na har abada.
A gefe guda kuma, lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta hanyar mummunan rauni na raunin jiki-irin su ciwon daji-zai iya warkar kuma zai sau da yawa, a tsawon lokaci, samun mafi alhẽri. Mai haƙuri ba zai taba komawa aikin TBI ba, amma kwakwalwa yana iya warkar da kanta cikin hanyoyi masu ban mamaki. Kamar yadda aka kalubalanci tsoka ta hanyar motsa jiki don samun karfi, kwakwalwa dole ne a kalubalanci ta hanyar ilimin tunanin mutum don gyara wadannan haɗin gine-gine.
> Sources:
> Kucera, K., Yau, R., Registra-Mihalik, J., Marshall, S., Thomas, L., & Wolf, S. et al. (2017). Ƙunƙwarar ƙwararren ƙwayar cuta da ƙwararren ƙwayoyi daga cikin manyan makarantun sakandare da kuma Kwalejin Kwallon Kwalejin - Amurka, 2005-2014. MMWR. Rashin ƙuntatawa da Mutuwa na Gidajen Bayani , 65 (52), 1465-1469. Doi: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6552a2
> Soberg, H., Roe, C., Brunborg, C., von Steinbüchel, N., & Andelic, N. (2017). Harshen Norwegian na QOLIBRI - nazarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci wanda ya kasance akan biyan mutane 12 da raunin ciwon kwakwalwa. Sakamakon Kiwon Lafiya da Rayuwa , 15 (1). Doi: 10.1186 / s12955-017-0589-9