Dalili na Hannun hannu, Hutu, da Mutu
Kusa da norovirus , coxsackievirus yana iya zama daya daga cikin cututtukan hoto na musamman wanda baku taɓa ji ba. Na farko gano a cikin 1940s, shi ne irin wadanda ba polio enterovirus. Wannan rukuni na ƙwayoyin cuta ma sun haɗa da echoviruses da sauran enteroviruses (ɗaya daga cikin abin da, enterovirus D68 , ya haifar da cututtukan cututtuka na duniya a cikin Amurka wanda aka haɗu da mummunan cututtukan fata).
Duk da yake baza ka san saba da coxsackievirus ba, ko da yake, idan kana da yaron yana da kyakkyawan dama da ka san game da kamuwa da cuta da kuma yadda ɗayan ɓangarorinsa ya sa hannu, ƙafa, da kuma ƙwayar cuta (HFMD). Yana da kamuwa da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na yara tun daga farkon yara, haifar da coxsackievirus A16.
Gaba ɗaya, akwai 29 serotypes na coxsackievirus da zai iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane, ciki har da:
- Coxsackievirus A2-8, A10, A12, A14, A16 (wani nau'in Interovirus na A)
- Coxsackievirus A9 (wani nau'i na ɗan adam Interovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus B1-6 (wani nau'in Interovirus na B)
- Coxsackievirus A1, A11, A13, A17, A19-22, A24 (wani nau'in Interovirus C)
Tun daga shekarar 2007, coxsackievirus A6 ya haifar da lokuta masu tsanani da ƙyama na HFMD a Amurka, ciki har da manya.
Bambanci daban-daban na Coxsackievirus
Bugu da ƙari, HFMD, tare da ulcers a cikin yaro da kuma blisters a hannunsu da ƙafãfunsu, shi ne yawanci mafi sanannun kamuwa da cuta da cutar ta haifar da coxsackievirus, amma coxsackievirus kuma hade da:
- cututtuka na ciki: cututtuka a ciki wadda ta yada zuwa tayin
- cututtuka marasa kyau: rare, amma zai iya haifar da matsalolin jini, hepatitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, da sepsis, da dai sauransu, kuma ya haskaka ta fashewa na kasa da kasa na coxsackievirus B1 a 2007
- babban haɗari mai haɗari conjunctivitis: Coxsackievirus A24 na iya haifar da cututtuka na ruwan hoda mai ruwan sama tare da halayen haɗari
- cutar gastrointestinal: Coxsackievirus zai iya haifar da hepatitis, nonbacterial zawo, ko gastroenteritis , da kuma HUS.
- herpangina: kama da HFMD, tare da ciwon kwakwalwa, amma ba tare da raguwa ba ko ƙuƙwalwa akan hannayen ko ƙafafun
- meningitis
- myopericarditis: kumburi da lalata zuciya zuciya da jakar kewaye zuciya, wanda za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar coxsackievirus B1, B2, da B5 cututtuka
- myositis: kumburi da wani tsoka, wanda za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar cututtukan coxsackievirus
- petechial da purpuric rashes: musamman tare da coxsackievirus A9, wanda zai iya samun rikice da Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
- pleurodynia: kwatsam na farko na kirji zafi sa by kumburi da diaphragm kuma nasaba da wani coxsackievirus kamuwa da cuta
- cututtuka na numfashi: yawanci tare da tari mai yalwa, hanci da ciwon zuciya, da ciwon makogwaro kuma za'a iya haifar da coxsackievirus A21 da A24 a lokacin watannin rani
Hakanan zai iya haifar da cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta mai kama da rashin lafiya kamar kwana biyu zuwa uku bayan raguwar rana daya zuwa biyar.
Abin mamaki, yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan coxsackievirus ba su da alamun bayyanar cutar, kuma babu maganin alurar rigakafi, magani, ko magani don cututtukan coxsackievirus ba tare da kulawa da magance cututtuka ba.
Wannan yana jin tsoro, amma sa'a, yawan cututtuka na coxsackievirus mafi yawan gaske ba su da tsanani.
Samun kuma guje wa Coxsackievirus cututtuka
Yara za su iya yin rashin lafiya game da kwana uku zuwa shida bayan an bayyana su ga wani tare da kamuwa da cutar coxsackievirus (lokacin shiryawa ). Yaya suke samun wannan cutar?
Kamar yawan cututtukan cututtuka da dama, cututtukan coxsackievirus suna yadawa ta hanyar zane-zane (mai kai tsaye ko kai tsaye kai tsaye) tare da sassaukarwar numfashi (wani ya kara ko sneezes a gare ku). Zasu iya samun wadannan cututtuka ta hanyar taɓa wani abin gurbata (fomite).
Alal misali, CDC ta ce "za ku iya kamuwa da cutar ta hannun sumba da wanda ke da hannu, ƙafa, da kuma bakin bakin ko ta taɓa ƙofar da ke da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cuta, sa'an nan ku taɓa idanunku, baki, ko hanci."
Duk da haka, saboda yara za su iya zubar da coxsackievirus a cikin kwakwalwarsu da kuma ɓoye na numfashi na numfashi (hanci da kuma ɓoye na hanci) na makonni bayan da alamun su sun tafi ko ma ba tare da wata alama ba, annobar cutar zata iya wuyar magance ko kaucewa.
Wannan shi ne dalilin da yasa bashi da mahimmanci matakai don kiyaye yara daga makaranta da kulawa rana idan suna da HFMD. CDC, alal misali, ya furta cewa "Ya kamata ka zauna a gida yayin da kake da lafiya tare da hannu, kafar, da kuma ƙwayar cuta," kuma ba cewa ya kamata ka zauna a gida yayin da kake HFMD ba. Kuma a Jihar Texas, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ce yara da HFMD zasu iya zuwa makaranta da kuma kulawa rana idan dai basu da zazzabi.
Duk da haka, yin amfani da hannu, guje wa ɓoye na numfashi, da kuma tsabtace gurbata gurgunta yana da mahimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci don taimakawa guje wa rashin lafiya da yada wadannan cututtuka.
Facts to Know About Coxsackievirus
Sauran abubuwa don sanin game da cututtuka na coxsackievirus sun hada da:
- Sauran ƙasashe wasu lokuta suna ganin lokutta masu tsanani na HFMD, sau da yawa ne daga enterovirus 71.
- Coxsackievirus ba a la'akari da babban haɗari a lokacin daukar ciki ba, kamar yadda cutar ta kamu biyar, ko da yake ya kamata ka dauki kariya mai kyau kuma ka kauce wa kowa tare da HFMD ko wani kamuwa da cutar coxsackievirus idan kana ciki.
- Kodayake mawuyacin hali, wasu masana sunyi tunanin cewa zazzafar cututtukan 1 na iya danganta su da cututtukan cututtuka na coxsackievirus na baya B.
- Skin peeling a kan hannayensu da ƙafa da ƙusa dystrophies iya faruwa bayan coxsackievirus cututtuka, musamman coxsackievirus A6. Dystrophy ƙusa ya samo asali daga tasowa layi na Beau (zurfi, kwance a kwance a cikin kusoshi yaro), gyare-gyaren ƙusa, don hasara guda ɗaya ko fiye kuma yana faruwa daya zuwa wata biyu bayan kamuwa na farko.
- Za a iya gwada gwadawa ga yawancin mahaukacin coxsackievirus, ciki har da ta hanyar juyin juya hali-polymerase sarkar maganin (PCR) da kuma al'adu, amma ba wani abu ba ne wanda zai iya aiki ko sauri a cikin ofishin likitoci. Yana da yawanci ba dole ko dai.
- Cutar cutar da wasu cututtuka na coxsackievirus sun kasance suna faruwa a cikin shekaru uku zuwa biyar, yayin da wasu ke rarraba a ƙananan matakan kowace shekara, musamman ma a yanayin yanayin zafi. A wasu sassa na duniya, ciki har da Amurka, cututtuka na coxsackievirus sun fi kowa a lokacin rani da kuma watsi.
- Samun kamuwa da cuta tare da daya coxsackievirus serotype ba ya ba ka rigakafi ga wani daga cikin wasu, saboda haka za ka iya, kuma wataƙila za ta samu cututtukan coxsackievirus sau da yawa a rayuwarka. Tsarin gwiwar jiki tsakanin serotypes zai iya ba da kariya, ko da yake.
Sources:
Ƙãra bincike da kuma tsananin Neonatal cuta Associated tare da Coxsackievirus B1 Kamuwa da cuta. Amurka. 2007. MMWR. Mayu 23, 2008/57 (20); 553-556.
Mandell, Douglas, da kuma Dokokin Bennett da Dokokin Cututtuka. Harshe na takwas.
McIntyre MG, et al. Bayanan kula daga filin: Ciwo mai tsanani, Hutu, da ƙananan haɗi da aka haɗa da Coxsackievirus A6 - Alabama, Connecticut, California, da Nevada, Nuwamba 2011-Fabrairu 2012. MMWR. Maris 30, 2012/61 (12); 213-214.
Oberste MS, Gerber SI. Enteroviruses da makamai masu linzami. 2014. A: Cutar Kwayoyin cututtuka a cikin mutane, 5th ed .; Kaslow RA, Stanberry LR, LeDuc JW, eds. Springer, New York; shafi na 225-252.
Red Book: Rahotanni na 2015 game da cututtukan cututtuka. Pickering LK, ed. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: Cibiyar Ilimin Harkokin Ilmin Amirka; 2015.
Stewart, et al. Cutar Coxsackievirus A6-Cikin Gudun hannu-Tafacce. JAMA Dermatol . 2013; 149 (12): 1419-1421.