Masu shigar da su suna da kyau
Abubuwa masu rikitarwa suna ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Akwai matsaloli daban-daban na interovirus wanda ke da kariya daga cututtuka na yau da kullum - kamar ƙwayar hannuwan hannu da ƙuƙwalwa - ƙwayoyin cututtuka da ƙananan cututtuka - kamar cututtuka da cututtuka. Ɗaya daga cikin ɓangaren, Enterovirus-D68 ko EV-D68, sun sami kulawa sosai kamar yadda yada cutar rashin lafiya a farkon shekara ta 2014.
Wani mummunar cutar EV-71 na iya haifar da rikitarwa na jiki kamar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda aka gani a cikin annobar cutar a kasar Sin da kuma sa'a ga abin da aka samu (kuma ana ci gaba). (Amma ba a samuwa a Amurka) ba.
Mahimman bayanai game da Enterovirus D-68
A cikin shekara ta 2014, yayin da yara suka koma makaranta, cutar ta karu da sauri a Amurka. An fara lura da shi a Missouri sannan sai ya yada a tsakiyar Midwest sa'an nan zuwa Kudu da Arewa maso gabas da kuma sauran ƙasashe. Hakan ya shafi wadanda ke fama da ciwon fuka.
- Yawancin yara sune yara
- Yara da ciwon fuka a mafi yawan haɗari
- Wanke hannayen hannu tare da sabulu da ruwa (ba magunguna ba)
- Kwayar cutar zata iya jingina a kan ƙananan kwalliya, ƙananan hanyoyi, kayan wasa idan sun taɓa
- Yawancin yara marasa lafiya ba su da zazzaɓi
- Wasu yara suna da numfashi na numfashi kuma suna bukatar su je asibiti
- Babu maganin alurar riga kafi ko magani na musamman. Mafi yawan samun sauri
- Shigar da ƙwayoyin cuta ne marasa lafiya. D-68 ba wani abu ne kawai ba.
- Wasu lokuta suna haɗuwa da rauni ko tsoka
- Wasu lokuta suna da tsanani, amma mutuwar mutuwa ba ta fi girma da sauran cututtuka na numfashi ba.
Basics
Abubuwa masu rikitarwa suna ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Su na kowa ko da ba mu ji labarin annobar cutar ba. Su, duk da haka, na iya haifar da annobar cutar ta hanzari.
Miliyan Xari goma sha biyu ne ke fama da nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban a kowace shekara a Amurka. Babu takamaiman magani. Babu maganin alurar rigakafi a Amurka don enteroviruses, sai dai cutar shan inna, wadda ba ta aiki akan EV-D68. Kasashen waje akwai maganin alurar rigakafi kawai don wani nau'i daban daban, banda cutar shan inna.
Yawancin cututtukan cututtukan inganci ba su haifar da bayyanar cututtuka - ko kuma a mafi yawanci zazzabi ko sanyi - kuma ba a gano su ba.
Akwai ciwo mai tsanani da aka haɗa da wasu subtypes, kamar EV-D68.
Raunin numfashi: Enterovirus D68 EV-D68
Kwayar cututtuka na iya zama kamar sanyi na kowa. EV-D68 na iya, ƙila, ƙaura zuwa kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani da ake bukata a asibiti. Kwayoyin cututtuka yawanci sun hada da numfashi na numfashi da rudani. Yawancin ba su da zazzaɓi. Ƙasa da 1 a 4 yana da zazzaɓi.
'Yan yara Asthmatic suna da haɗari. Wadanda aka fara asibiti sun kasance matasa (6 zuwa 16 zuwa shekaru 16) da kuma asthmatic (68%).
Duk wanda ke fama da numfashi ya kamata ya nemi likita. Babu takamaiman magani. Oxygen da kulawa a asibiti ana iya bukata.
A watan Agusta 2014, an gano Enterovirus-D68 a yara a Kansas City, Missouri. Ta Oktoba, ta kai jihohi 45. Fiye da yara 1000 sun kamu da rashin lafiya; 15% na asibiti da ake buƙatar kulawa mai tsanani.
Wani lokacin makamai da kafafu na yara zasu iya zama rauni, har ma da gurguzu, kamar polio. Wannan "mummunan cututtuka maras kyau" an haɗa shi da Enterovirus D-68.
Kwayar cutar ta kasance rare a duniya, amma akwai iyakance, amma an kamu da cutar mai tsanani. Akwai rahotanni game da ciwo. Duk da tsananin cutar, akwai ƙananan mutuwar da aka haɗa da cutar. A gaskiya ma, an gano EV-D68 don haifar da mummunan cututtuka, amma ba fiye da mutuwar wasu ƙwayoyin cututtuka ba, kamar rhinoviruses (har ila yau da wani enterovirus).
Sauran damuwa
Akwai nau'ikan iri daban-daban, tare da bambancin daban daban a duniya.
Polioviruses ne enteroviruses. Sauran Non-Polio Enteroviruses sun kasu kashi 4: Coxsackievirus A, Coxsackievirus B, Echovirus, da ƙidayar Enteroviruses. Akwai sanannun kwayoyin cutar ta Polio da ke dauke da kwayoyin cuta 62.
Rhinoviruses
Rhinoviruses suna haifar da sanyi. Yawancin lokuta suna da taushi ko a'a. Wasu lokuta na iya zama mai tsanani kuma suna haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Babu takamaiman magani ko maganin alurar riga kafi. An yada shi ta hanyar kwari - irin su numfashi a cikin wadannan droplets ko ta taɓa abubuwa da hannayensu suka gurɓata ta waɗannan rassan.
Encephalitis
Abun ƙwayar cuta shine ƙonewa na kwakwalwa, haifar da gajiya, haɗi, haɗari, hasara ko motsi.
EV71 wata cuta ce mai tsanani a Asiya, ta haifar da annobar cutar a can, amma ba a Amurka ba. Kusan yana iya haifar da cututtuka na jiki, irin su ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar da ta jinkirta neurodevelopment. Wani nau'i na musamman C4 musamman an hade da waɗannan annobar cutar.
An yi maganin alurar rigakafi biyu don wannan nau'in kuma ya bayyana alamar rahama - amma kawai ga EV71.
Ƙungiyar Hannun hannu da Ƙutsa (HFMD)
Blisters ci gaba a hannayensu, wasu lokuta ƙafa, da kuma bakin da suke bayyane ko launin toka kuma suna kewaye da jan zobba. Wadannan sun ji rauni kuma suna kusa da mako daya.
Coxsackievirus A16 shine ƙwayar HFMD ta kowa a Amurka, sai dai Coxsackievirus A6 wanda aka mamaye a 2011-12. Coxsackievirus A6 yana haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani, wani lokaci ana buƙatar samun asibiti.
Herpangina
Ƙananan ƙananan "ƙuƙukan ƙuƙwalwa" suna ci gaba a bayan bakinsu, kusa da tonsils, tare da ciwon makogwaro da zazzaɓi. Suna iya ciwo. Blisters warkar a cikin kwanaki 7-10.
Coxsackie A4, 10, 5, 6, 2 da 3 suna hade.
Myopericarditis
Myopericarditis shine ƙonewa na pericardium (jakar dake kewaye da zuciya) da tsoka tsohuwar zuciya. Wannan na iya haifar da shortness na numfashi, gajiya, zafi ciwo - sau da yawa muni kwance. Marasa lafiya na iya ci gaba da rashin cin nasara. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna da ƙwayar ruwa fiye da ƙafa da kuma huhu. A wasu lokuta mawuyacin, lalacewar zuciya zai iya zama barazanar rai.
Ana iya sa shi ta hanyar coxsackieviruses A4, B3, B2.
Haɗin Hemorrhagic Mai Girma (AHC)
Idanuna sun bayyana jini don kwanaki 5-7, kafin warwarewa, yawanci ba tare da matsalolin ido ba.
Coxsackievirus A24 da enterovirus 70 suna hade da conjunctivitis da AHC.
Kwayar hoto na bidiyo mai hoto
Mutuwa mutum shine ƙonewa na meninges (membrane kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya). Magunguna suna da zazzabi, ciwon kai, da kuma wani lokaci rikicewa. Suna iya rasa fahimta kuma suna da nauyin aiki.
Echoviruses 13, 18, da 30 suna hade.
Daidai
Enterovirus 70 yana da saukin haifar da cutar shan inna-kamar inna.
Neonatal Sepsis
Mai tsanani neonatal sepsis yakan faru tare da coxsackievirus B1.
Pleurodynia
Bama tare da ciwo mai kwakwalwa a cikin ƙananan hamsin daga lalacewar tsoka.
Yana da wuya kuma yana hade da Echovirus 1.
Bayanai mai tsawo
Masu haɗi suna haɗuwa da Cutar ta Autoimmune. Wasu ƙwararren nau'in Halitta 1 Ciwon sukari da sauran cututtuka na iya ci gaba bayan cututtuka na enterovirus.
Ana aikawa
Ba a iya samun enteroviruses ba tare da cututtukan cututtuka ba a ciki, ido, hanci, ko ɓoye baki. Kwayar cutar zata iya yadawa ta hanyar sadarwa (handhakes), shafa abubuwan da wasu suka shafa ("fomites"), gyaran sutura, sha ruwa mai gurɓata. Marasa lafiya na iya shimfida wasu damuwa ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali ko sati na ɓoye na numfashi bayan bayan bayyanar cututtuka. Labari ko nono yana iya kawowa kamuwa da cuta. Kwayoyin cututtuka sukan ci gaba da kwanaki 3-6 bayan shawagi.
Yara da rashin fahimta da rigakafi. Akwai kawai ƙetare-rikici tsakanin daban-daban enteroviruses; Mazan yawanci suna da damuwa da yawa.
Cutar
Saboda ciwon cututtuka na iya haifar da wani bayyanar cututtuka, wanke hannayenka - musamman ma kafin cin abinci, lokacin yin amfani da wanka, gyare-gyare masu sauya, ziyarci marasa lafiya.
Wanke hannunka da sabulu da ruwa. Masu shawo kan masu shan barasa suna fama da rashin lafiya. Ka guji hannuwan girgiza. Rufe sneezes tare da nama ko hannayen hannu na sama. Tsaftace sassa. Ka guji taɓa fuskarka.
Babu maganin alurar rigakafi a Amurka. Binciken ganewa ta PCR ya yi. Babu takamaiman magani.