Lokacin da ciwon daji ke shafar ƙasusuwan, wannan yafi yawan ciwon daji ne wanda ya fara a wasu wurare a jiki kuma ya yada, ko wanda aka samu, ga ƙasusuwan. Ya bambanta, abin da ake mayar da hankali a kan wadannan cututtuka ne da ke farawa cikin kasusuwa, wanda aka fi sani da ƙwayar cutar kashi na farko.
Kwararren kashi na farko shine ainihin sashi, wanda ya kunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu suna da mahimmanci; duk da haka, daga cikin waɗannan, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, da kuma Ewing sarcoma suna cikin mafi yawan.
Sanannun dalilai
Kodayake ainihin sanadin ciwon daji na asali ba a san su ba, canji a cikin DNA na kwayoyin halitta mai sanyaya suna da muhimmanci. A mafi yawancin lokuta, waɗannan canje-canje sun faru da zarafi kuma ba'a wuce su daga iyaye zuwa yara ba.
Masana kimiyya sunyi nazarin alamomin ci gaba don kokarin fahimtar matsalolin haɗari. Osteosarcoma shine na uku mafi yawan nau'in malignancy wanda yake rinjayar kashi a cikin matasa, wanda kawai ya kamu da cutar sankarar bargo da lymphoma. Chondrosarcoma kuma magungunan kashi ne na yau da kullum, amma yana da yawa a cikin tsofaffi fiye da yadda yake a cikin yara da matasa, tare da shekarun shekarun shekaru 51. Ana iya gano sarcoma sau da yawa a cikin matasa, kuma yawancin shekarun da aka gano shine shekaru 15.
Bayanan martaba na Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma shine mafi yawan kwayar cutar ciwon daji na kowa. Akwai wasu ƙayyadaddun ka'idodi waɗanda aka sani don ƙara ƙwarewar bunkasa shi. Mutanen da ke da ƙwayar ƙwayar idanu da aka sani da retinoblastoma haɗiya suna da ƙari ga bunkasa osteosarcoma.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda aka rigaya aka bi da su don ciwon daji ta hanyar amfani da radiotherapy da chemotherapy sun kara yawan haɗari na bunkasa osteosarcoma daga baya a rayuwa.
Ba zato ba tsammani, yawancin likitoci sun yarda cewa kasusuwa da kasusuwa da ƙasusuwa da raunin da ya faru da rauni basu haifar da osteosarcoma ba. Duk da haka, irin wannan raunin zai iya haifar da ciwon osteosarcoma rigaya ko wani ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta zuwa likita, don haka akwai alamar haɗi tsakanin su biyu-dai kawai cewa rauni na injiniya ba zai haifar da osteosarcoma ba.
Age, Yin jima'i, da kabilanci-halayen haɗari
Osteosarcoma na farko yana rinjayar ƙungiyoyi biyu masu tasowa - hawan farko yana cikin shekaru matasa kuma na biyu yana cikin tsofaffi.
- A cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya, osteosarcoma yawanci yakan fito ne daga nau'i mai kamala, irin su wadanda suka kamu da cutar kasuwa (alal misali, cutar Paget ).
- Daga cikin ƙananan yara, osteosarcoma yana da mahimmanci a gabanin shekaru biyar, kuma yanayin da ya faru ya faru a yayin yarinyar girma. A matsakaici, wakilin "shekarun zamani" na osteosarcoma a cikin ƙananan yara yana da shekara 16 ga 'yan mata da shekara 18 don samari.
Osteosarcoma yana da ƙananan rare idan aka kwatanta da sauran cututtuka; an kiyasta cewa kusan kimanin mutane 400 da ke da shekaru 20 da haihuwa suna bincikar su tare da osteosarcoma a kowace shekara a Amurka. Yayinda yara ke shafar yawancin nazarin, kuma abin da ke faruwa a matasan Afrika shine dan kadan fiye da fata.
Abubuwan da ke da ƙari ga ɗan ƙananan yara
- Kasancewa da wasu cututtukan kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji
- Shekaru tsakanin shekaru 10 da 30
- Tsawon tsawo
- Jima'i jima'i
- {Asar Amirka
- Sanin wasu cututtuka na kasuwa
Abubuwan Dama da Suka shafi Abubuwan Tsufa
Wasu cututtuka na kasuwa irin su cutar Paget , musamman a tsawon lokaci, suna haɗuwa da ƙari mai yawa na osteosarcoma.
Duk da haka, mummunan haɗari yana da ƙasa, tare da kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin dari na waɗanda ke tare da cutar Paget har yanzu tasowa tasowa daga osteosarcoma.
Rawanin radiation yana da haɗari mai mahimmanci, kuma saboda lokacin da ke tsakanin rashawa ga ciwon daji da kuma bayyanar osteosarcoma yawanci ya fi tsayi (alal misali, shekaru 10 ko fiye), wannan ya fi dacewa da shekarun tsufa.
Tsarin Halitta
Sanarwar cututtukan kwayoyin halitta ga osteosarcoma sun hada da:
- Bloom cuta
- Diamond-Blackfan anemia
- Li-Fraumeni ciwo
- Paget ta cutar
- Retinoblastoma
- Rothmund-Thomson ciwo (wanda ake kira poikiloderma congenitale)
- Werner ciwo
- Rashin yin aiki na kwayoyin cututtuka na p53 da retinoblastoma tumor suna da tsammanin suna da muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba na osteosarcoma.
Kodayake maye gurbin kwayoyin cutar p53 da kuma retinoblastoma sune mahimmanci, wadannan kwayoyin suna canzawa a yawancin samfurorin tumatir osteosarcoma, saboda haka akwai haɗi zuwa ci gaban osteosarcoma. Hanyoyin maye gurbin Germline a cikin nau'in p53 zai iya haifar da mummunar haɗari na ci gaba da lalacewa ciki har da osteosarcoma wadda aka kwatanta da ciwo na Li-Fraumeni .
Kodayake gyare-gyare a cikin kwayoyin cututtuka da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyi suna da mahimmanci don samar da osteosarcomas, ba a bayyana ko wanene daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru a farko da kuma dalilin da ya sa ko yadda yake faruwa ba.
Osteosarcomas cikin wadanda ke fama da cutar Paget
Akwai raƙuman tsari na osteosarcomas wanda ke da matsala mara kyau. Kwayoyin ciwon sukari suna faruwa a cikin mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 60. Kwayoyin suna cike da girma a lokacin bayyanar su kuma sun kasance masu lalacewa sosai, suna da wuya a samu cikakkiyar sashin jiki (cire), kuma matattun ƙwayoyi na huhu suna kasancewa a farkon.
Bayanan haɗari shine na tsofaffi rukuni. Suna ci gaba da kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin dari na mutanen da cutar Paget ta kasance, yawanci lokacin da kasusuwa da yawa suke shafar. Kwayoyin ciwon sukari suna faruwa a cikin hipbone, thighbone kusa da kwatangwalo, da kuma a cikin kashi na kusurwa kusa da haɗin gwiwa; suna da wuyar magance magunguna, mafi yawa saboda shekarun mai haƙuri da kuma girman ƙwayar.
Amsawa wani lokacin mahimmanci ne, musamman ma lokacin da kasusuwa ta karu saboda ciwon daji, wanda shine abin da ke faruwa akai-akai.
Parosteal da Periosteal Osteosarcomas
Wadannan takaddun shaida ne waɗanda ake kira saboda suna a cikin kashi; sun kasance yawanci ƙananan osteosarcomas da suka tashi a kan fushin kashi a cikin haɗuwa tare da layin nama wanda ke kewaye da kashi, ko kuma lokaci. Suna da wuya shiga cikin ɓangaren kasusuwa kuma suna da wuya su zama m osteosarcomas.
Bayanan haɗari ga cutuka osteosarcoma ya bambanta da na classic osteosarcoma: ya fi kowa a cikin mata fiye da maza, yafi kowa a cikin shekaru 20 zuwa 40, kuma yawanci yakan taso a bayan thighbone, a kusa da gwiwa gwiwa , ko da yake kowane kashi a cikin kwarangwal zai iya shafawa.
Higher-Hadarin Osteosarcoma Fahimci
An danganta alamun haɗari ga mafi kyau da kuma mummunan bincike, amma rashin alheri, waɗannan abubuwan ba su taimakawa wajen gano marasa lafiya wanda zasu iya amfana daga tsarin ƙwayar lafiya ko ƙarami ba yayin da suke ci gaba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Abubuwan da aka sani don tasiri sakamakon sun hada da wadannan.
Tasirin Tumatir na Farko
Daga ciwace-ciwacen da ke samar da makamai da ƙafafu, wadanda suke da nisa daga jikin jiki, ko kuma raguwa, suna da matsala mafi kyau.
Kwayoyin ciwon daji na farko da suka kasance a cikin kwanyar da kuma kashin baya suna da haɗari da haɗari da mutuwa, mafi yawa saboda yana da wuya a cimma cikakkiyar cirewar ciwon daji a waɗannan wurare. Hudu da wuyansa osteosarcomas a cikin jaw da kuma bakin bakuna suna da karin bayani fiye da wasu shafukan farko a cikin kai da wuyansa, watakila saboda sun fara tunaninsu.
Hipbone osteosarcomas yana da kashi bakwai zuwa tara bisa dari na dukkanin osteosarcomas; Yaduwar rayuka ga marasa lafiya shine kashi 20 zuwa 47.
Magunguna tare da multifocal osteosarcoma (wanda aka ƙayyade azaman ƙananan kasusuwa ba tare da wata ƙananan ƙwayar cuta ba) yana da matsala maras kyau.
An samu ci gaba da cutar
Magunguna da ke fama da cutar (ba su yadawa zuwa yankunan da ke nesa) suna da alamun da suka fi kyau fiye da marasa lafiya da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta. Yawancin kashi 20 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya zasu sami metastases wanda za'a iya ganewa a kan bincikar ganewar asali, tare da kututtukan zama mafi kyawun shafin. Sakamakon gwaji ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan da suka kamu da kwayar cutar sun nuna cewa sunadaran sunaye ne da shafuka na metastases, adadin metastases, da kuma yiwuwar maganin ƙwayar cuta.
Ga wadanda ke fama da cututtuka, sunadarai sun fi dacewa da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da kuma lokacin da cutar ta yada zuwa kwayar halitta kawai, maimakon duka biyu.
Necrosis Tumor Bayan Chemotherapy
Tumor necrosis a nan yana nufin nama mai laushi wanda ya "mutu a kashe" saboda sakamakon magani.
Bayan shan magani da kuma tiyata, masanin ilimin lissafi yayi nazarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Magunguna da akalla kashi 90 cikin dari na necrosis a cikin ƙananan ciwon daji bayan da sunadarin chemotherapy suna da karin bayani fiye da marasa lafiya tare da ƙasa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Duk da haka, masu bincike sun lura cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta ba za a fassara shi ba wajen nufin cewa chemotherapy ba ta da amfani; magani magani ga marasa lafiya tare da kadan ko a'a necrosis bayan induction chemotherapy ne mafi girma fiye da magani rates ga marasa lafiya da suka sami ba chemotherapy.
Bayanin Chondrosarcoma Risk
Wannan mummunan ciwo ne na kwayoyin jini, kuma yana wakiltar kimanin kashi 20 cikin dukkan ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta . Chondrosarcoma zai iya tashi a kansa ko na biyu, a abin da aka sani da "mummunan ɗazuwar" ciwon sukari (kamar osteochondroma ko benign enchondroma). Bayanan haɗari sun hada da:
- Shekaru: Yawancin lokaci yakan faru a cikin mutane fiye da shekaru 40; duk da haka, yana faruwa ne a cikin ƙananan ƙananan shekaru, sa'annan kuma lokacin da ya faru, yana nuna cewa yana da mummunan lalacewa wanda zai iya samuwa da ƙananan metastases.
- Gender: Yana faruwa tare da kusan daidai daidai a cikin duka jinsin.
- Yanayi: Zai iya faruwa a kowace kasusuwa, amma akwai yiwuwar cigaba a cikin hipbone da thighbone. Chondrosarcoma na iya tashi a wasu kasusuwa, irin su scapula, hagu, da kwanyar.
- Genetics: Ƙara yawan ciwo na exostoses (wani lokacin da ake kira ƙwayar osteochondromas mai yawa) wani yanayi ne wanda ya haifar da ƙwaƙwalwa a kasusuwan mutum, wanda ya zama mafi yawancin guringuntsi. Exostoses zai iya zama mai raɗaɗi kuma ya kai ga lalacewar kasusuwa da / ko fractures. Rashin lafiya shine kwayoyin (wanda ya haifar da maye gurbi a cikin daya daga cikin 3 nau'in EXT1, EXT2, ko EXT3), kuma marasa lafiya da wannan yanayin sun kara haɗari na chondrosarcoma.
- Sauran Tumors: Abokiyar shuki yana da ciwon gwargwadon ƙwayar wucin gadi wadda take girma cikin kashi. Mutanen da suke samun yawancin ciwon sukari suna da yanayin da ake kira ƙananan enchondromatosis. Har ila yau, suna da haɓaka mai yawa na bunkasa chondrosarcoma.
Bayanin Farko na Ewing Sarcoma
Wannan yana da yawanci a tsakanin fata (ko dai ba dan Hispanic ko Hispanic) ba kuma wanda ya fi yawa a tsakanin jama'ar Asiya da kuma mafi ban sha'awa a tsakanin Amirkawa. Tatsan ciwon daji zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani, amma sun fi kowa a cikin yara kuma ba su da yawa a cikin matasa da yara. Suna da wuya a cikin tsofaffi.
Kusan dukkanin kwayoyin Ewing tumor suna da canje-canje da suka ƙunshi jigidar EWS, wadda aka samo a kan chromosome 22. Kunna wutar EWS tana haifar da overgrowth na sel kuma zuwa ci gaba da wannan ciwon daji, amma hanyar da ta faru ba ta riga ba bayyana.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Ciwon Ƙwayar Yammacin Amirka. Gwaje-gwaje na Osteosarcoma. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/osteosarcoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html.
> Cibiyar Caner na Kasa. Osteosarcoma da Masiyoyin Tarihin Cutar Gida (PDQ®) -Thealth Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/hp/osteosarcoma-treatment-pdq.