A cikin sharuddan mafi sauƙi, ma'anar "kwayoyin halitta" na nufin wani abu da ya danganci jerin jigilar mutum wanda ke cikin kowane kwayar rai. Yan Adam ne ainihin sashi na ladabi a cikin mutane da sauran halittu masu rai.
Yan Adam
Halitta sune DNA, ko deoxyribonucleic acid. Bisa ga tsarin Halittar Dan Adam - aikin bincike da yawa wanda aka tsara don ganowa da kuma tsara jerin kwayoyin halitta - muna da kimanin 20,000 - 25,000 kwayoyin halitta.
Abin mamaki, kimanin kashi 99 cikin 100 na kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya ne a cikin dukan mutane, tare da sauran ƙananan rabo wanda ke da alhakin bambancin da muke gani a tsawo, launin fata, nauyin nauyi, da sauran siffofin jiki.
Ka'idar Halitta na Alkararru
Ka'idar jinsin tsufa ta nuna cewa yawancin kwayoyin halittarmu sun tabbatar da tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu bincike - irin su binciken da suka haɗa da ma'aurata masu mahimmanci - yana goyon bayan wannan tsinkaye. Sauran nazarin sun kiyasta cewa yawan mutum ne kawai kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari ne wanda ke iya haifar da halayyarsu kuma mafi yawancin abubuwan da ke rayuwa kamar cin abinci da motsa jiki sun fi rinjayewa, da kuma cututtuka irin su shan taba ko shan barasa.
Bugu da ari, wata mahimmancin fannin kimiyyar kiwon lafiya na nufin gano dalilin da yasa wasu kwayoyin suna "canzawa" a cikin jiki, wasu kuma ba su haifar da wasu cututtukan jiki ko rashin lafiyar cutar ba, alal misali. Da ake kira epigenetics, wannan bangare na binciken yana kallon abubuwa irin su damuwa na mahaifiyar ko abin da ke cikin muhalli, kuma yana iya bayyana wani ɓangare na dalilin da yasa ma'aurata suna da bambance-bambance daban-daban duk da cewa suna da irin wannan tsarin.
Kwayoyin halitta vs. Hereditary
Duk da yake an yi amfani da kayyadadden kwayoyin halitta tare da haɗin kai, waɗannan kalmomi ba dole ba ne daidai suke nufi. Alal misali, ciwon daji shine cututtukan kwayoyin cuta a cikin cewa yana dauke da kwayoyin halitta a cikin tantanin halitta (haddasa wannan tantanin halitta ya rarrabu ba tare da fahimta ba), amma ciwon daji zai iya haifar da rana ko taba shan taba kuma ba dole ne ya zama gado daga iyayenku ba.
Sources:
Mene ne jinsi? Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya na Ƙasar Amirka na "Harkokin Gidajen Gida". https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene