Sauye-sauye na Cellular da Sakamakon Ƙararriyar Ƙwararrayar UV
Hasken rana yana da babban tasiri a kan fata wanda zai iya haifar da tsufa, ciwon fata, da kuma sauran lokuta da suka shafi fata. Bayyanawa ga bayanai na ultraviolet (UV) don kimanin kashi 90 na dukkanin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na fata.
Facts Game da UV Radiation
Rana ta haskaka UV radiation wanda muke rabawa a cikin jinsin da aka danganta kan iyakar dangi (kamar yadda aka auna ta nanometer, ko nm):
- UVC radiation (100 zuwa 290 nm)
- UVB radiation (290 zuwa 320 nm)
- UVA radiation (320 zuwa 400 nm)
UVC radiation yana da mafi tsawo tsayin kuma kusan kusan tunawa da ozone Layer. Kamar yadda irin wannan, ba zai shafi fata ba. Duk da haka, ana iya samun radiation UVC daga irin wadannan matakai irin su mercury arc fitilu da fitilu.
UVB radiation tana rinjayar matsakaicin matsakaicin fata na fata (epidermis) kuma ita ce babbar hanyar sunburns. Ya fi tsanani tsakanin sa'o'i 10 na safe da 2 na yamma lokacin da hasken rana ke haskakawa. Har ila yau, ya fi tsanani a lokacin watanni na rani, kimanin kusan kashi 70 cikin dari na ɗaukar UVB a shekara. Saboda matsayi mai tsawo, UVB bata shiga gilashi sauƙi.
UVA radiation, ta bambanta, an taba tunanin cewa yana da ƙananan sakamako akan fata. Binciken ya nuna cewa UVA babbar mahimmanci ne ga lalacewar fata. UVA ya shiga zurfin cikin fata tare da tsananin da ba ya canza kamar UVB.
Kuma, kamar UVB, UVA ba ta da gilashin tace.
Damaging Effects of UVA da UVB
Dukkanin UVA da UVB zasu iya haifar da mummunan cututtukan fata, ciki har da wrinkles, cuta masu tsufa , ciwon daji, da kuma rigakafi zuwa kamuwa da cuta. Duk da yake ba mu fahimci sassan wadannan canje-canje ba, wasu sun yi imanin cewa raunin collagen da kuma samuwar radicals free zai iya tsangwama ga gyara DNA akan matakin kwayoyin.
Ana sanyatar da kamfanonin UV don ƙara yawan adadin ƙwayoyi a cikin sassa na jiki. Ƙararrawar hasken rana mai tsanani zai iya haifar da ci gaba da raunin da ake kira actinic keratoses. Keratoses na ainihi an dauke su ne da gaske saboda daya cikin 100 zai cigaba da zama a cikin kwayar cellular mota . Keratoses na Actinic "bumps" sau da yawa sauƙi don ji fiye da gani kuma zai bayyana a fili a kan fuska, kunnuwa, da kuma baya na hannayensu.
Fuskantar da UV yana iya haifar da keratoshin keboros , wanda yayi kama da kwayoyin "ƙulle" akan fata. Ba kamar keratoses na kayan aiki, keratos neboros ke zama ba.
Ƙungiyar Harkokin Ƙasa da Saukewa
Rashin radiyo na UV zai iya sa collagen ya rushe a matakin da ya fi girma fiye da tsufa . Yana yin haka ta hanyar shiga tsakiyar launi na fata (dermis), ta haifar da haɓakaccen mahaifa na elastin. Lokacin da aka tara waɗannan ruwaye, an samar da enzymes wanda ba tare da bata lokaci ya rushe collagen da haifar da ake kira "scars solar" ba. Ci gaba da watsawa yana ci gaba da tsari, wanda ke haifar da karawa da sagging.
UV radiation yana daya daga cikin manyan masu kirkiro na free radicals . Bayanai sune kwayoyin oxygen marasa ƙarfi wadanda suke da nau'i ɗaya kawai maimakon guda biyu.
Saboda ana samun nau'i-nau'i a cikin nau'i-nau'i, ƙwayar dole ne ta kashe na'urar lantarki ta ɓacewa daga wasu kwayoyin, ta haifar da sarkar layin zai iya lalata kwayoyin a matakin kwayoyin. Sakamakon yadawa ba wai kawai ƙara adadin enzymes wanda ya rushe collagen ba, zasu iya musanya kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta a hanyar da zai haifar da ciwon daji.
Hanyoyin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta
Jiki yana da tsari na kare lafiyar da ake nufi don magance cututtuka da ciwo mai mahimmanci, ciki har da ciwon daji. Wannan kariya na karewa ya haɗa da jini mai tsabta wanda ake kira T lymphocytes na T da ƙwayoyin fata wanda ake kira 'yan Langerhans . Lokacin da fatar ta fallasa zuwa hasken rana mai zurfi, wasu sassan sunadarai sun saki wanda ke raunana wadannan kwayoyin halitta, yana raunana cikakken amsawar ba tare da dasu ba.
Wannan ba ita ce hanyar kadai ba wanda yasa matsanancin yadawa zai iya rushe rigakafin mutum. Jirgin karshe na jiki na kare tsaro shine wani abu da ake kira apoptosis, tsarin "cell kashe kansa" yana nufin kashe kullun lalacewa ya zama bazai iya zama rikici ba. (Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa kuka ji kwasfa bayan kunar rana a jiki.) Yayin da ba a fahimci tsari ba, yawancin kamfanonin UV yana nuna ya hana apoptosis, yana barin ƙananan kwayoyin damar samun m.
Sauye-sauyen Launi na Sun
Fuskantar hotuna na UV yana haifar da mummunan haske da launin fatar jiki da ake kira furotin na hasken rana, wanda ya haifar da zubar da hankali da kuma ganowar launin rawaya. Hakanan zai iya haifar da ganuwar jini don zama mai zurfi, wanda zai haifar da raguwa da ƙuƙwalwar gizo (telangiectasias) akan fuska.
A halin yanzu sauye-sauye na launin rana na yau da kullum sune canji (hasken rana). Ana haifar da takalmin lokacin da sassan sinadarin fata ( melanocytes ) suka lalace, wanda ke haifar da fadada mummunar. Ƙananan igiyoyi, wanda aka fi sani da tsofaffi na shekaru , yawanci suna bayyana akan ɗayan hannu, kirji, kafaye, makamai, da babba baya. Yayinda yawancin shekarun tsufa suna gani a cikin tsofaffi, ba su da shekaru masu suna kamar yadda sunansu ya nuna amma sakamakon sakamakon raunin rana.
Hakanan kamfanonin UV yana iya haifar da bayyanar launin fata a kafafu, hannayensu, da makamai kamar yadda malanocytes suke ci gaba da lalata ta hanyar hasken rana.
Skin Cancer da Melanoma
Halin da rana ta haifar da ciwon daji yana da sananne. Abubuwa uku na ciwon daji na fata sune melanoma , carcinoma na basal cell , da ƙwayar ƙwayar kwayar fata.
Melanoma ne mafi muni daga cikin uku yayin da yaduwa (metastasizes) ya fi sauƙi fiye da sauran. Kwayar murfin ƙwayar salula ne mafi yawan al'ada kuma yana kokarin yadawa a gida maimakon metastasize. Kwayar ƙarancin cell cell ne na biyu mafi yawan al'ada kuma an san shi da metastasize, ko da yake ba a matsayin malanoma ba.
An yi imanin cewa adadin hasken rana wanda mutum ya karɓa tun kafin shekarunsa 20 yana da dalilin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar melanoma. Ya bambanta, haɗarin ƙwayar carcinoma basal ko ƙwayar ƙwayar mota cellular yana da alaƙa da nau'in fata na mutum da yawan adadin rayuwar rayuwa zuwa UV radiation.
> Sources
- > Ratushny, V .; Gober, M .; Hick, R .; et al. "Daga keratinocyte zuwa ciwon daji: ƙwarewa da kuma samfurin ƙwayar cututtuka na carcinoma." Jaridar Clinical Bincike. Fabrairu 1, 2012; 122 (2): 464-472.
- > Narendhirakannan, R. da Hannatu, A. "Ƙaƙwalwar Cutar da Ƙwayar cutar Kankara: An Bayani." Ind J Clin Biochem. Afrilu 2013; 28 (2): 110-115.