Kwayoyin jinsin gwaji a cututtukan Parkinson zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ganewar asali
Kwayar kwayoyin cutar ta Parkinson na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincikar rashin lafiya. Masana kimiyya sunyi fatan cewa ilimin da aka samar da kwayoyin halitta zai taimakawa jinkirin jinkiri ko dakatar da ci gaba.
Ana tafiyar da mutane a cikin DNA ɗinmu, rabon gādon da ya ƙayyade dabi'u da aka raba daga iyaye zuwa yaro. Mun gaji game da nau'i nau'in nau'i nau'in nau'i na jinsi daga iyayenmu da iyayenmu.
Sun ƙayyade launin idanunmu, yadda za mu iya zama kuma, a wasu lokuta, hadarin da muke da shi wajen bunkasa wasu cututtuka.
A matsayin likita, na san muhimmancin da kwayoyin ke takawa wajen tabbatar da lafiyar mu. Matsayin tasirin da kwayoyin halittarmu suka bambanta dangane da cutar, amma dukkanin abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da rashin lafiya.
Gwajizan gwaje-gwajen a cikin cutar ta Parkinson
A cikin cututtukan Parkinson, mafi yawancin lokuta shine abin da muke kira bazara ba tare da wani dalili mai yiwuwa ba. Wadannan maganganun "marasa iyali" ba sa nufin wasu 'yan uwa suna da Parkinson. Duk da haka, kimanin kashi 14 cikin dari na mutanen da ke fama da kwayar cutar Parkinson suna da dangi na farko (iyaye, dan uwan ko yarinya) wanda ke tare da cutar. A cikin waɗannan lokuta na iyali, kwayoyin mutun da ke haifar da wannan cututtuka za su iya gado a ko dai wata alama ce ta mahimmanci.
Mutane da yawa da suka shafi dangi a cikin tsararraki daban-daban suna samuwa a cikin iyalan da ke da magungunan Parkinson. Misalin irin wannan gado shine maye gurbin kwayoyin SNCA wanda zai haifar da samar da sinadaran da ake kira alpha-synuclein. Wannan furotin yana haifar da jikin Lewy da ke cikin kwakwalwar mutane da Parkinson.
Sauran maye gurbin - LRRK2, VPS35, da kuma EIF4G1 - suna gadon gaba ɗaya.
Ya bambanta, jinkirin maye gurbin da ke aiki a matsayin wata hanyar haɗari don ci gaban cutar Parkinson ya zama wakilci a cikin ɗayan tsara kamar yadda 'yan uwanta suke. Halittar kwayoyin halitta PARKIN, PINK1, da kuma kwayoyin DJ1 sune misalai na irin wannan gado.
Wadannan sune wasu maye gurbin da aka sani amma akwai ƙarin abin da aka gano a kan ci gaba. Ka tuna, duk da haka, yawancin siffofin kwayoyin suna da ƙananan furucin nunawa ko haɗari wanda yake nufin cewa kawai saboda kana da jinsi ba yana nufin za ka samu Parkinson ba. Koda a cikin yanayin maye gurbin LRRK2, wanda yake rinjaye a yanayi, kasancewar mahaifa ba daidai ba ne na ci gaba da cutar.
Yaya Ya Kamata Yin Gwajin Halitta don Yin Abincin Abinci?
Kwararka zai iya bayar da shawarar idan likitin lafiyar Parkinson ya zo a cikin ƙuruciyar shekara (kasa da shekaru 40), idan an gano maƙwabcin dangi a cikin tarihin gidanka tare da wannan, ko kuma idan kana cikin haɗari ga lafiyar gidan Parkinson bisa ga kabilanci (waɗanda suke tare da Yahudawa Ashkenazi ko Arewacin Afrika).
Duk da haka, mene ne amfanin amfani da gwaji da aka yi a yanzu?
Bayanai na iya zama da muhimmanci ga tsarin iyali don wasu mutane kodayake nace koda an baza jinsi akan shi ba daidai ba ne ci gaba da cutar. Har ila yau, hadarin, ya fi girma a cikin maye gurbin kwayoyin halittu tare da wadanda ba su da rai, a matsakaici idan mutum yana da digiri na farko da ya shafi likitan Parkinson (watau iyaye ko dangin) haɗarin haɓaka cutar shine kashi 4 zuwa 9 bisa dari yawan jama'a.
Ka tuna cewa a halin yanzu ga mutumin da ake jarraba, babu canji a lura da cutar ta Parkinson bisa tushen binciken kwayoyin. Amma a gaba, duk da haka, idan akwai jiyya don rage jinkirin cutar ko don hana shi daga tasowa, to, ganewa ga waɗanda suke da hadari zai zama da muhimmanci sosai.
Jinsin gwaji da Bincike na Parkinson's
Kodayake ba ku da wani amfani a kai a halin yanzu, sakamakon gwajin kwayoyin zai iya taimakawa wajen binciken binciken Parkinson ta hanyar barin masana kimiyya su fahimci cutar ta hanyar fahimtar cutar da kuma inganta sababbin jiyya. Alal misali, maye gurbin a cikin jinsi da ke ƙayyade ga haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin gine-ginen (SNCA) yana kaiwa ga wani nau'i na cutar lafiyar iyalin Parkinson. Kodayake wannan maye gurbi ne kawai akan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, sanin wannan maye gurbi yana da tasiri mai yawa. Nazarin wannan maye gurbin kwayar halitta ya haifar da binciken cewa haɗin gizon haɗin gwiwar sun hada tare don samar da kwayoyin Lewy wanda aka samu a cikin kwakwalwa na duk mutanen dake fama da cutar Parkinson ba kawai wadanda suke tare da maye gurbin SNCA ba. Sabili da haka, maye gurbi daya ya haifar da wani mahimmanci a cikin binciken bincike na Parkinson.
Gwajin jinsin shine yanke shawara na sirri amma bayanin kulawa: duk lokacin da aka gwada gwajin kwayoyin, musamman ma a cikin yanayin cututtukan da ba'a canza canjin magani bisa ga binciken kwayoyin, zai zama shawarar na don ganin wani mai bada shawara na jinsi don tattaunawa akan tasiri wannan bayanin zai sami lafiyar ku, da iyalinka.
Karin bayani:
Beck, James, Ph.D. "Masanin Cibiyar Parkinson: Nazarin Halitta da Kai." Sanin Abincin Parkinson: Nazarin Halitta da Kai . Cibiyar Cututtuka ta Parkinson (PDF), 26 Mar. 2013. Yanar gizo. 29 Mar. 2014. http://parkinsonsdiseasefoundation.blogspot.ca/2013/03/genetic-testing-and-you.html
Farrer, Matiyu, MD. "Genetics: Cike da Ci Gaban Kwayoyin Abincin Parkinson." - Foundation Parkinson's Disease Foundation (PDF) . Parkinson's Disease Foundation, Winter 2012. Yanar gizo. 29 Mar. 2014. http://www.pdf.org/winter12_genetics
Puschmann, Andreas. "Genetics na Parkinson's." Genetics na Parkinson's . Ƙungiyar Cibiyar Cututtukan Yankin Yammacin Turai, ta yanar gizo. 29 Mar. 2014. http://www.epda.eu.com/en/parkinsons/life-with-parkinsons/part-3/genetics-of-parkinsons