Hyperkalemia shine lokacin kiwon lafiya don matakan jini da suka yi yawa. Potassium abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda yake da muhimmanci ga rayuwa. Yana da mahimmanci ga aiki na al'ada wanda ya dogara da watsa sakonni-zuciya, tsokoki, da jijiyoyi. Akwai dalilai masu yawa da cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya haifar da hyperkalemia ciki har da cutar koda, rashin zuciya, ciwon sukari, da wasu magunguna.
A cikin tsofaffi, yawancin jini na jini shine tsakanin 3.6 da 5.2 mEq / L. Matakan potassium da suke da maƙasa (hypokalemia) ko maɗaukaki zasu iya zama matsalolin rayuwa.
Abubuwa masu yawa
Akwai dalilai masu yawa na hyperkalemia, amma za a iya karya su cikin manyan manyan sassa uku.
Ƙara Lalatawar Potassium
Saboda kiyaye matakan potassium kullum yana da muhimmanci ga rayuwa, kodanmu suna da matakai masu dacewa don ratayewa zuwa potassium don hana matakanmu daga kashin kuzari, har ma don yaduwar wucewar potassium a cikin fitsari don hana matakanmu daga maɗaukaki. Duk da haka, tare da rashin gazawar koda ko cutar cututtuka na yau da kullum , ikon da kodan gajiyar potassium zai iya zama mai lalacewa, kuma hyperkalemia na iya shiga. Kafin kwanakin dialysis , hyperkalemia ya kasance dalilin mutuwar mutane da yawa tare da koda.
Rage a cikin ƙwayar koda na koda zai iya faruwa tare da:
- Addison ta cuta (rashin cin nasara na adrenal gland)
- Zuciyar zuciya ta zuciya
- Cirrhosis na hanta
- Wasu magunguna da ke shafar tsarin renin-aldosterone ciki har da wadanda suka hada da magungunan enzyme (ACE) da angiotensin wadanda suka yi amfani da kwayoyin cuta (antiAIRs), calcineurin masu kwantar da hankula, heparin, da magungunan potassium kamar Aldactone da Carospir ( spironolactone) ) da Inspra (eplerenone)
Ƙara Magungunan Potassium Daga Sanda
Saboda ƙaddamar da potassium a cikin jikin jikinka yana da sau 30 fiye da yadda yake a cikin jininka, duk abin da zai haifar da karuwar potassium daga cikin sel zuwa waje da kwayoyin zai iya haifar da hyperkalemia. Lokacin da jikinka ya ƙunshi ƙarancin acid, wanda ake kira acidosis, irin su ciwon sukari da ketoacidosis , an cire potassium daga jikinka kuma zai iya haifar da hyperkalemia mai mahimmanci.
Rashin lalacewar nama zai iya haifar da matsawa daga potassium daga cikin kwayoyin halitta zuwa waje na kwayoyin halitta, kawai ta hanyar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na traumatic. Hyperkalemia daga lalacewa ta jiki zai iya faruwa tare da irin mummunar cututtuka, konewa, tiyata, lalata ƙarancin ƙwayoyin tumatir, anemia mai yaduwa , ko rhabdomyolysis , lalata ƙwayoyin tsoka wanda zai iya faruwa tare da bugun jini , ko kuma tare da giya mai cututtuka ko miyagun ƙwayoyi .
Wasu mawuyacin tasiri na karuwar potassium daga jikin jikinka sun hada da:
- Raunin insulin wanda zai haifar da hyperglycemia (da yawa glucose a cikin jinin jini), irin su zai iya faruwa a cikin sarrafawa mara kyau ko rashin ciwon sukari
- Raunin insulin saboda azumi, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke kan haushi
- Raunin insulin daga shan somatostatin ko Sandostatin (octreotide), hormones da hana tsire-tsire masu girma
- Tumor lysis ciwo, wanda zai iya faruwa idan kana da lymphoma ko cutar sankarar bargo kuma an ba ka chemotherapy ko radiationrapy
- Beta blockers
- Rigar jini
Amfani mai yawa na potassium
Idan kana da kullun aiki na yau da kullum, yana da matukar wuya a bunkasa hyperkalemia kawai ta hanyar cin abinci mai yawa cikin potassium. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a fitar da matakan jini mai yawa idan kun ɗauki nau'i mai yawa na potassium, musamman idan kuna da wasu nau'i na cutar koda, ko kuma idan kuna shan magungunan da ke hana potassium haɗari kamar waɗanda aka ambata a sama.
Genetics
Akwai nakasa guda biyu da suka shafi rashin daidaituwa wanda zai iya haifar da hyperkalemia. Wadannan zasu iya bincikar su tare da gwajin kwayoyin.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) yana da wuya ga jiki don tsara sodium, wanda yafi faruwa a kodanku. Akwai nau'o'i biyu na PHA1: rinjayar rinjayar PHA1, wanda yake mai sauƙi kuma yawanci yakan inganta a yayin yarinya, da kuma ƙarancin PHA1, wanda ya fi tsanani kuma baya samun mafi alhẽri. Wannan cuta zai iya haifar da hyperkalemia saboda yawancin sodium an fitar da su a cikin fitsari, haifar da ƙananan matakan sodium da kuma matakan potassium a cikin jini. A gaskiya ma, hyperkalemia an dauki daya daga cikin siffofin wannan cuta.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 yana haifar da maye gurbi a cikin daya daga cikin kwayoyin halittar hudu da suka shafi tsarin sodium. Wadannan kwayoyin sun haɗa da NR3C2 (jinsin da ke haifar da rinjaye mai suna PHA1), SCNN1A, SCNN1B, ko SCNN1G, wanda ke haifar da raguwa ta PHA1. Wannan yanayin yana rinjayar kusan 1 a cikin yara 80,000.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 2
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (PHA2), wanda aka sani da ciwo na Gordon, shine wani yanayi wanda ke haifar da hyperkalemia. Wannan cuta yana da wuya ga jikinka ya tsara duka sodium da potassium, sakamakon cutar hawan jini da hyperkalemia, duk da haka al'ada koda aiki. Hyperkalemia yana tsammanin ya fara faruwa, yayin da cutar hawan jini ya taso daga baya.
PHA2 ana haifar da maye gurbin a cikin WNK1, WNK4, CUL3, ko KLHL3, duk wanda ya taimaka wajen maganin jini. Wannan mawuyacin hali ne, amma ba a sani ba sau da yawa PHA2 yana faruwa.
Kwayoyin jijiyoyin jini
Kwayar zuciya mai rikitarwa yana dauke da daya daga cikin mawuyacin hyperkalemia, kamar yadda wasu magunguna ne wadanda mutane da ciwon zuciya suka dauki, ciki har da diuretics, masu hana ACE, da beta blockers. Saboda haka, idan kuna da nakasawar zuciya kuma kuna shan wasu daga cikin magunguna masu rai, zaka iya buƙatar ƙimar adadin potassium da kake da ita a cikin abincinka don taimakawa rage haɗarin bunkasa hyperkalemia. Kwarar likitanku zai iya lura da matakan potassium a cikin jinin ku kuma tabbatar cewa kun kasance a kan mafi yawan nau'in kwayoyi wanda zai haifar da matakan potassium.
Matsayin Kwayoyin Yanayin Rayuwa
Idan kana da ciwon sukari, daga cikin dalilai da dama da ya sa ya zama mahimmanci don samun cututtukanka a karkashin iko shine hadarin bunkasa hyperkalemia, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa idan ya zama mai tsanani. Yayin da ciwon sukari ya kasance mai kulawa da rashin ƙarfi ko kuma ba tare da kariya ba, za ka cike da glucose mai yawa a cikin jini, samar da rashi insulin wanda zai iya haifar da hyperkalemia da sauran matsalolin rayuwa. Tabbatar yin aiki tare da likitan ku don samun tsarin kulawa wanda yake aiki a gare ku a cikin iko akan glucose na jini don ku iya rage haɗarin ku na tsanani, mai hadari da rai, haɗari.
> Sources:
> Gidan Gida na Genetics. Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1. Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasar. Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Medicine ta Amurka. An wallafa Afrilu 25, 2018.
> Gidan Gida na Genetics. Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 2. Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasar. Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Medicine ta Amurka. An wallafa Afrilu 25, 2018.
> Mayo Clinic Staff. High potassium (Hyperkalemia). Mayo Clinic. Updated Janairu 11, 2018.
> Dutsen Dutsen. Dalili da Bincike na Hyperkalemia a cikin Adult. Na zamani. Updated Yuni 5, 2017.
> Sterns RH, Rojas M, Bernstein P, Chennupati S. Ayyukan musayar Ion don Rigar Hyperkalemia: Shin suna da lafiya? Journal of the American Society of Nephrology . Mayu 2010; 21 (5): 733-5. Doi: 10.1681 / ASN.2010010079.