Kwayoyin cututtuka irin su cutar shan inna, cizon sauro, da ƙwayar cuta masu fama da cututtuka suna haifar da wahala da mutuwa a duniya a kowace shekara. Duk da haka, tare da kokarin da aka yi, zai yiwu mutane su kawar da cutar ta hanyar cutar.
Menene kawar da cututtuka? Yana nufin cutar ta shafe a duniya kuma babu sauran lokuta a ko'ina.
Ya zuwa yanzu a tarihin ɗan adam, mun tashi kuma mun sami nasara wajen kawar da cututtuka biyu.
An kawar da cututtuka biyu na cututtuka
A shekara ta 1979, duniya ta ga yanayin asibiti na karshe. Wannan lamari na karshe ya kasance a cikin wani mutum a Somalia, wanda ke da mummunar irin kwayar cutar ( V. karamin ), wanda ya kashe kawai 1% ko mafi ƙarancin waɗanda ke yin kwangila. Yanayin karshe na cutar mafi tsanani ( V. manyan, wanda ya kashe kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na wadanda ke fama) yaro ne a Bangladesh a shekarar 1975.
An dakatar da ƙananan cuta, wanda ya kamu da iska, saboda 1) akwai maganin alurar riga kafi , 2) cutar ta sauƙin ganewa, 3) dabbobi ba su ɗauke da cutar ba (wanda ya kasance da wahala a waƙa), da kuma 4) cutar ta kasance haka Babu shakka yarjejeniya ta duniya ta yi amfani da albarkatu don dakatar da shi.
An kawar da cututtukan kananan cututtuka ta hanyar babban shirin rigakafi. Kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun gudanar da shirye shiryen rigakafin shirye shiryen shirye-shiryen rigakafi don karatun kasashe don karamin jima'i da kuma amsawa tare da maganin alurar riga kafi duk abin da ya faru.
Akwai matakan karamin kwari da aka adana a Amurka da Soviet Union (yanzu Rasha). Ɗaya daga cikin hadarin da aka samu a cikin shekara ta 1978 ya kamu da wani mai daukar hoto, wanda ya mutu kuma ya kamu da mahaifiyarsa, wanda ya tsira. Wadannan su ne ainihin lamarin da ya faru na karshe da cutar ta fi tsanani.
A shekara ta 2011, duniya ta ƙarshe daga wata cuta ta dabam: rinderpest.
Yana da wata cuta da shanu (buffalo, deer, antelope, giraffes, da sauran dabbobi). Rinderpest da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin manoman shanu kuma an dauke shi dan takara ne don bunkasa yanayin ta'addanci saboda mutane sun dogara da waɗannan shanu don abinci.
Cututtuka na cututtukan da za a iya kawar da su
Ga wadansu cututtuka tara wadanda mutane zasu iya kawar.
Polio
Ana iya dakatar da Polio ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Kwayar cutar ta yadu ne ta hanyar gurbataccen ruwa ta wurin ruwa mai tsabta ba tare da tsaftaceccen tsabta ba. Har zuwa kashi 95 cikin dari na cututtuka ba a gane su saboda suna da 'yan ko a'a. A gaskiya ma, yawancin cututtuka (72%) basu da alamun bayyanarta, yayin da wasu (25%) suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, irin su tashin zuciya, vomiting, zawo, zazzabi, ciwon makogwaro, da kuma gajiya da yawa.
Duk da haka, a cikin kashi 4 cikin dari na cututtukan polio, cutar tana cutar da membranes dake kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya, kuma a cikin kashi 0.5 cikin dari, mutumin yana fama da ciwo, yawanci a kafafu, amma wani lokaci a cikin diaphragm ko fuska. Yawancin mutane sun tsira, amma daga wadanda suka kamu da cutar, kimanin 2% zuwa 5% na yara kuma 15% zuwa 30% na manya sun mutu daga cutar.
Saboda yawancin cututtukan cutar shan-inna ba sa haifar da bayyanar cututtuka da ruwa na iya yada cutar, yana da wuya a san lokacin da cutar shan inna ta tafi.
Biyu daga cikin manyan matsaloli guda uku sun riga an cire su: An samo asali na 2 a 1999 a Indiya, kuma ba a taba ganin Rubutun 3 ba tun watan Nuwamba 2012. Wasu kashi 80 cikin dari na yawan mutanen duniya suna zaune a yankunan da ba su da cutar shan inna, da kuma cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka sun bayyana a cikin kasashe uku: Afghanistan, Najeriya, da Pakistan. Alurar riga kafi zai iya kawar da wannan cuta.
Dracunculiasis ( Guinea Worm Cutar ( GWD )
Wannan yanayin, wanda ya shafi infestation tare da tsutsotsi, ba yakan haifar da mutuwa amma yana haifar da rashin lafiya daga cututtuka na kwayan cuta da zafi. Ana haifar da tsutsotsi masu tsutsa da ke zaune a cikin ruwan sha mara kyau, kuma mutane suna samun ta ta shan ruwan.
Kimanin shekara guda bayan shan ruwa mai gurɓata, mutumin da yake fama da cutar yana fama da mummunan fata wanda kuturta ta haifar, yawanci akan kafa ko ƙafa.
Haka kuma cutar tana yadawa lokacin da mutumin ya shiga cikin ruwa tare da kututtukan kafa. Saboda haka, maganin kututturen ƙwayar cuta za a iya hana shi ta hanyar tsaftace ruwan sha mai tsabta kuma ta kiyaye mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka daga hanyoyin ruwa.
Yaws
Wannan ƙwayar cuta ce ta kwayar cutar, Treponema da ke da ƙwayar abincin, wanda ke da alaka da syphilis (da Bejel da Pinta) da ke shafar fata, da kasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa. Za a iya yaduwa da yayinda za'a kawar da shi tare da kashi daya daga cikin kwayoyin maganin.
Yakin da ake yi na maganin kwayoyin cutar kusan an kawar da cutar a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960. A yau, cutar ta samo a cikin kasashe 14 tare da yanayin zafi, kuma akwai aiki don dakatar da shi da maganin rigakafi.
Malariya
Malariya , wata cuta ta musamman, na iya zama ya hana ta dakatar da sauro da ke yada malaria . Kwayar cutar tana rinjayar da yawa a kowace shekara, yana haddasa kimanin miliyan 207 da kuma mutuwar 627,000. An dakatar da sauro ta hanyar kwari, labaran gado, kwayoyin cutar da ke cike da sauro, da kuma saurin sauro.
Ƙugiya
Rashin kamuwa daga ƙugiya, wanda ke zaune a yankunan da tsaftacewa mara kyau kuma ya shiga cikin ƙafafun mutane, za a iya dakatar da ɗakin gida da takalma a gida. A cikin farkon karni na 1900, an yi amfani da kifi a kudancin Amurka, amma a cikin gida da kuma tsaftacewa mafi kyau ta dakatar da yaduwa. Duk da haka, kimanin mutane 500 zuwa 700 a duk duniya suna ci gaba da tsauraran hanyoyi.
Lymphatic Filariasis
Ana iya biyan wannan ta hanyar bawa kowa magani don rigakafi sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma, kamar yadda ya kamata a cikin malaria, ta dakatar da sauro. Kwayar cutar ta lalacewa ta hanyar sauro ta hanyar sauro (yawancin nau'o'in, amma yawancin sauro ne da ake kira anopheles a cikin yammacin duniya). Wutsiyar yana tafiya kuma ya rushe tsarin lymph na mutumin da ya kamu da cutar. Wannan yana haifar da kafafu na kafaffiya ko ƙwararrun kwayoyin (giwaye) da kuma wahalar fuskantar wasu cututtuka kamar tsarin lymph yana cikin ɓangaren tsarin.
Tun shekarar 2012, a cikin kasashe 56, an yi amfani da kwayoyi biyu tare da kwayoyi guda biyu a kowace shekara don hana cutar. 13 daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe ba su da wani sanarwa na yanzu a yanzu, amma miliyan 120 sun kamu da cutar kuma an kashe mutane miliyan 40 a duniya.
Matakan
Za'a iya tsayawa da maganin rigakafi. Kwayar cutar tana haifar da raguwa, zazzabi, da kuma wani lokacin ciwon huhu da kuma ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa (ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa). Yana da iska da kuma yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma yawan kamuwa da cuta. Mutum daya zai iya harba wasu 15. Yawancin maganganu, amma a cikin US 0.2% na cututtuka ya kai ga mutuwa kuma 6% kai ga ciwon huhu.
Cases sun kika aika bayan an yi lasisin alurar riga kafi a shekarar 1963, amma an sake tashi a shekarun 1990s. Ƙananan maganin alurar riga kafi sun haifar da wannan karuwa a cikin lokuta, da kuma mutuwar, a Amurka An cutar da cutar ta hanyar tafiya, ciki har da fashewa a Philippines da kuma Birtaniya da sauran sassa na Turai.
Rubella
Ana iya dakatar da wannan tareda hada kan maganin rigakafi tare da maganin rigakafi. Har ila yau, wani cututtukan da ke haɗuwa da cututtuka yana haifar da raguwa, zazzabi, gland, da haɗin gwiwa. Wadanda ke da matukar damuwa su ne jariran uwaye a lokacin daukar ciki. Rashin layi na yau da kullum yana haifar da zuciya, hanta, ƙwaƙwalwa, da kwakwalwar lalacewa, da kuma tsararre da cataracts.
An shafe ta daga Amurka da kuma daga ko'ina cikin Amurka.
Onchocerciasis (Kogin Ruwa)
Onchocerciasis shine karo na biyu-mafi yawan al'amuran makanta a duniya. Ana iya dakatar da shi ta hanyar yin nazarin taro na waɗanda ke cikin yankunan da aka shafa.
Blackflies dake zaune kusa da kogunan ruwa da kogunan zasu iya aikawa da kututture, Onchocerca volvulus, ga mutane a cikin wadannan yankunan. Wadannan tsutsotsi sau ɗaya a cikin wani zai iya samar da dubban tsutsotsi na jariri wanda ya yada ga idanun mutum da kuma fatawa da makantar fata (da matsalolin fata).
Layin Ƙasa
Akwai cututtuka da muke kusa da tsayawa. Suna da sauƙin ganewa kuma mummunan isa cewa muna so muyi ƙoƙari don ganin su. Har ila yau, suna da hanyar yin rigakafi, tareda maganin alurar rigakafi, sanyaya, da magunguna. Yawancin mutane ne kawai aka samu a cikin mutane, suna guje wa bukatar yin bincike ga dabbobin daji da ke cutar.
> Source:
> Russell CD. Ana kawar da cututtukan cututtuka: Za mu iya kuma ya kamata mu? Faransanci a Immunology. 2011; 2: 53.