Shekaru da dama Bayan haka, Chernobyl An Har yanzu Linkeda zuwa Thyroid da Sauran Harkokin Kiwon lafiya
A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1986 a karfe 1:23 na safe, abubuwa a Chernobyl, ƙananan garin a cikin ƙasar Soviet, sun yi kuskure sosai. A yau sunan nan "Chernobyl" wani abu ne mai mahimmanci, kalma ɗaya da ke nufin "bala'i na nukiliya" ga mutanen duniya. Chernobyl ya kasance, a gaskiya, mummunan hatsari na nukiliya a tarihi. Kodayake an yi la'akari da irin wannan mummunan hatsari a watan Maris na shekarar 2011, kamar yadda Chernobyl ke da shi ta hanyar makaman nukiliya, an yi tunanin cewa rayawar radiation a kasar Japan ya kasance ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin Chernobyl, kuma matsalar ta ba ta tasiri a wasu yankuna.
Duk da haka, watakila yana da shekaru kafin mu san idan Chernobyl zai ci gaba da riƙe da bambancin dubban kasancewar mummunan bala'in nukiliya na duniya.
A kowane hali, Chernobyl yana da sha'awa sosai ga masu aikin magani da marasa lafiya, saboda daya daga cikin rahotannin radioisotopes da aka saki a yayin haɗari na nukiliya - ciki har da bala'i na Chernobyl - asalin iodine 131, wanda aka fi sani da iodine radioactive, ko radioiodine.
Iodine 131 yana da rabin rabi na kwana takwas, ma'ana cewa rabi yana warwatse kowane kwana takwas. Wannan tsawon rabi tsawon rai (idan ka kwatanta shi zuwa wasu radioisotopes, wanda ke da rabi-rabi na seconds ko minti) na nufin cewa yadine na rediyo zai iya shiga cikin abinci ta mutum ta hanyar gurɓata tsire-tsire, dabbobi, da ruwa, da kyau kafin Babban adadin radiation ya lalace kuma ya watse. Da zarar ingested, Idinin rediyo yana da hankali sosai a cikin glandon thyroid, inda radiation zai iya haifar da lalacewar gland din, ko kuma yin aiki na tsawon lokaci don ci gaban ciwon maganin ciwon thyroid da sauran matsalolin thyroid.
Yaran yara da 'yan tayi, waɗanda suka ci gaba da cike da ƙwayar giroid, su ne mafi saukin kamuwa da yaduwar kyamar rediyo, kuma tasirin halayen yana nuna mafi sauri cikin yara idan aka kwatanta da manya. Yara kuma su ne manyan masu amfani da madara, da kuma lokacin da shanu suka ci ciyawa mai yaduwar jini, irin na iodine yana mai da hankali sosai a madara, yin amfani da madara don amfani da madara don amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi a madarar yadiniya.
Yana da muhimmanci a sake nazarin wasu tarihin bayan rikicin Chernobyl, da kuma lafiyar lafiyar rikicin, ba wai kawai a kan lafiyar jinin ku ba, amma sauran cututtukan lafiya.
Wasu Muhimman Bayanan Chernobyl da Tarihin Siyasa
Ƙananan garin na Chernobyl yana cikin lardin - wanda aka sani da "Oblast" - na lardin Kiev a Ukraine. A shekara ta 1986, Ukraine ta kasance abin da ke har yanzu Soviet Union. Chernobyl yana da nisan kilomita 110 daga Kiev, mai nisan kilomita 22 daga iyakar Ukraine tare da Gomel Oblast na Belarus, kuma kusa da Bryansk Oblast na Rasha. Yankin Chernobyl shi ne babban yankin da manoma kananan kauyukan suke zaune.
Makaman nukiliya, wanda aka gina a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin nukiliyar Soviet Union, yana da nisan mil mil a waje da babban birnin garin Chernobyl kanta. An hako da maƙerin a rami na kogi biyu, da Pripyat da Uzh, kusa da tafkin Kiev, wanda ya samar da ruwa mai yawa don shayarwa. Bayan lokaci, an shuka shuka don amfani da tashar farar hula.
Manufar Soviet na Soviet shine rage girman watsa labarai ko tattaunawa game da matsalolin da suka shafi tsarin ginawa, kiyayewa, da hanyoyin sarrafawa a cikin tsire-tsire. Yanzu mun sani cewa sakamakon wannan tunani mai zurfi, a ko'ina cikin tsohuwar Soviet Union, akwai karamin horo, hadarin bala'i, da kuma shirye-shiryen makaman nukiliya, kuma Chernobyl ba wani abu bane.
Har ila yau, kungiyar Soviet ta yi aiki a karkashin tsarin siyasa wanda ya bar Moscow da iko mai yawa a kan yankuna da yankuna daban-daban, don haka yankin Chernobyl, a matsayin ɓangare na Ukraine, ya kasance karkashin tsarin siyasa na masu yanke shawara da dubban miliyoyin kilomita a Moscow.
A sakamakon haka, a lokacin da aka samu mummunan bala'in da aka yi a Chernobyl, ba kawai ma'aikata ba ne kawai da mazaunin yankin ba su shirya don magance matsalar ta nukiliya ba, amma an mayar da martani, yayin da jami'ai ke jiran jagorancin Moscow. An bayar da rahoto cewa, kamar yadda radiation ta ragu daga mai raunin motsa jiki, ana tura yara zuwa makaranta, bikin aure na waje da aka yi, wasan kwallon kafa ya faru, kuma mazauna yankin sun tafi kifi a cikin tafkuna masu sanyi.
A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya rahotanni (1), shi ne ainihin kwanaki biyu cikakke - bayan daya reactor ya riga ya bugu, kuma na biyu ya kasance wuta - Kafin Moscow ya yarda da cewa "wani abu" ya faru a Chernobyl, da yawa saukar da saukar da Girman bala'i.
Menene ya faru a Chernobyl?
Hukumar Nukiliya ta kasa da kasa ta bayyana abin da ya faru da makaman nukiliyar Chernobyl. A gwargwadon rahoto, yayin da ma'aikata ke gudanar da gwajin gwaji na hudu, wata babbar tashar wutar lantarki ta kaddamar da tsire-tsire na Chernobyl, ta haifar da wani fashewa da wuta, wanda ya fitar da babban ragowar radiation cikin yanayin. An tsara zane-zane na masu bincike na Chernobyl ba tare da wani tsari don kare yankin da ke kewaye da shi ba. Rahotanni na huɗu na fashewa ya fitar da fiye da 100 abubuwa daban-daban na rediyowa a cikin yanayin.
An kashe ma'aikata guda biyu a shuka. Da dama daga cikin wadanda suka amsa tambayoyin sun ce sun mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan da suka amsa ga hadarin, kuma mafi yawan cikin watanni uku na fashewar farko. Jirgin jirgi na Helicopter wanda ke aiki a shafin a farkon kwanaki sun ƙare zuwa Moscow don yin magani a cikin kwanaki da makonni na taimakawa wajen dauke da hadarin.
A cikin kwanakin farko, an kwashe kusan mutane 49,000 daga yankin, amma an gaya musu cewa za a sake su ne kawai don kwana biyu ko uku kawai.
A cikin makonni masu zuwa, karin bama-bamai ya faru, amma an haramta ko a rage girman haɗari a yankin. Jami'an Soviet ba su san wasu hare-haren da ke faruwa a tsire-tsire ba, kuma sun tabbatar da jama'a cewa halin da ake ciki ya karu sosai kuma matakan rediyo a yankin sun kasance al'ada.
A watan Mayun shekara ta 1986, wata guda bayan bala'i, sama da mutane 116,000 a cikin yanki 18 da suka kewaye ta an sake komawa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, adadin mutanen da aka yi gudun hijirar sun kasance kimanin 230,000, a cewar Hukumar Nukiliya ta Amirka.
Yanzu mun sani cewa an fi yawan fannonin yanki a fannin radiation daga Chernobyl.
A cikin rahoton 2006 daga GreenPeace da aka kira Catastrophe na Chernobyl: Hukumomin kan Lafiya ta Jama'a , ƙungiyar masana kimiyya na kasa da kasa, masanan masana da yawa a fannonin su da wasu masu bincike masu dogon lokaci da suka kula da Chernobyl tun 1986, sun yi sharhi:
Wannan abin da ya faru a duniya ya kasance mafi girma a kan manyan ƙasashen Soviet da ke makwabtaka da su, wato ƙasashe masu zaman kansu na Ukraine, Belarus, da Rasha. Har ila yau, tasirin ya kara karuwa sosai. Fiye da rabi na wadandaium-137 da aka haifar sakamakon sakamakon fashewa da aka kai a cikin yanayi zuwa sauran kasashen Turai. Akalla kasashe guda goma sha huɗu a Turai (Australiya, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Bulgaria, Jamhuriyar Moldova da Girka) sun gurɓata ta hanyar radiation sama da iyaka da aka ƙayyade yankunan da "gurbata". Ƙananan, amma duk da haka yawancin rahotannin rediyo da aka danganta da hadarin Chernobyl aka gano a duk faɗin Turai, daga Scandinavia zuwa Rumunan, da Asiya. (2)
Komawa a Chernobyl kanta, wasu kungiyoyin abin da aka kira "masu ruwa" sun kawo don taimakawa wajen dauke da radiation, cire tarkace, da kuma kyakkyawan, don taimakawa wajen gina wani shinge mai girma - wanda ake kira "sarcophagus" - don rufe reactor. Kamfanonin ma'aikata 250,000, waɗanda aka ce sun bayyana, a cikin watanni masu yawa, har zuwa tsawon lokaci na radiation, sun shiga cikin abin da ake la'akari da aikin injiniya mafi girma a tarihin, kuma a ƙarshen 1986, sun shiga da Chernobyl reactor a cikin sarcophagus.
Hanyoyin Lafiya na Chernobyl
Mutane nawa ne suka sha wahala sakamakon cutar lafiyar su daga Chernobyl? Yana da mahimmancin wuya a tantance yawan lalacewar lafiyar mutum da kuma yanayin. Bayanin ya bambanta, dangane da ko ta fito ne daga gwamnatin Soviet a lokacin hatsarin, gwamnatoci na yanzu, hukumomin duniya, ko kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
A cewar rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya:
Daga cikin wadanda aka hallaka daga Chernobyl, mutane 35 sun bayyana cewa suna cikin "mummunar yanayin," kuma shida sun mutu. Hakan ya kai 31 ga watan rani na 1986, kuma a can ya kasance. Babu wani daga cikin wadanda aka ba da dama ga wadanda aka kashe a Chernobyl ba a kara musu ba a wannan jerin: mutuwar da aka danganci wasu dalilai. (3)
Hukumar Nukiliya ta Amurka ta bayar da rahoton cewa nazarin ya nuna mazaunan yankin ba su karbi raunin radiation ba bisa ga al'ada, kuma ba a gano yawan yawan ciwon daji ba. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa yara kawai sun nuna yawan karuwar ciwon maganin ciwon maganin ciwon maganin ciwon maganin ciwon maganin ciwon maganin thyroid - wasu karin lokuta 4,000 da suka zama daidai - kuma 99% na waɗannan lokuta an "warkar da su." (4)
Dukkanin bayanan hukuma suna da alamu. Wani rahoto daga kwamitin nazarin kimiyya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kan tasirin Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), wanda ya nuna cewa tun daga shekara ta 2005, fiye da mutane 6,000 na Rasha, Ukrainian da Belarus sun kamu da ciwon maganin ciwon maganin thyroid. (5)
A kowane hali, buƙatar kawar da ƙwayar jinƙan yaro don yaduwar ciwon daji ba wuya a gani a matsayin "magani" a ma'anar kalmar. 'Ya'yan Chernobyl sun kasance, kuma za su ci gaba da kasancewa da abubuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya sakamakon "maganin" maganin su a duk lokacin rayuwarsu, kuma wasu masana sunyi imanin cewa ilimin kwayoyin halitta zai iya ci gaba a cikin tsara na gaba. Daga Jami'ar Harvard, wani binciken da aka wallafa a Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Mahalli ya dubi yadda cutar ciwon thyroid ta kasance daga iodine radioactive 131 a cikin fiye da 12,000 Ukrainians fiye da 18 da aka bayyana a radiation a Chernobyl. An kiyasta yawan mutane har sau hudu tsakanin 1998 da 2008, kuma masu bincike sun gano wadannan:
- Akwai haɗarin ƙwayar ciwon maganin thyroid a shekaru 20 bayan bayyanar farko. Wannan hadarin bai kasance daidai ba ga dukan rukuni kuma ya zama kamar mafi yawan dogara ne akan nesa daga ƙasa daga lokacin shuka.
- Rashin haɗarin ciwon daji na thyroid ya kasance, a matsakaita, 1,91 sau mafi girma ga kowane ƙarin launin toka na radiation exposure. (A launin toka yana daidai da ɗaukar daya wasa na radiation radiation daya kilogram na nama).
- Babu wata hujja da ta nuna cewa wannan ƙara yawan ciwon daji ke ciki ga mutanen da ke zaune a yankin a lokacin hatsarin yana raguwa a tsawon lokaci.
Rahoton ya kuma ce, "Nazarin binciken da aka yi na bam na bam din bam ya nuna cewa ko da shekaru 30 bayan da aka fara tashin hankali, ya kara yawan ciwon daji da ke ciki, kuma ba a rage yawanta ba sai bayan wannan batu." (6)
A shekarar 1989, mujallar Time Magazine ta ba da labari game da ci gaba da tsare-tsaren da ke kusa da Chernobyl, musamman game da yara da suka kasance a yankin, kuma an nuna su akan radiation a kan tsawon lokaci. Labarin ya fadi da dama da 'yan siyasa da masana kimiyya, wadanda suka zargi gwamnatin Soviet da raunana matakan da suka shafi tasirin - sun yi imanin cewa, sau 20 ne mafi girma fiye da yadda aka ruwaito - kazalika da tsarin kwashewa ga wadanda ke cikin hanya ta hanyar rediyo.
Wani jami'in ya bayyana cewa, "an fitar da yara ne kawai a ranar 7 ga Yuni. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa akwai yara marasa lafiya da yawa a gundumarmu, musamman ma wadanda ke da hyperplasia na glandon thyroid." Labarin ya ci gaba da lura cewa wannan da sauran cututtuka masu kamuwa da radiation, kamar cutar sankarar bargo, an yi zargin cewa an bace su kamar yadda yanayi ya kasance marar laifi. (7)
Masu bayar da shawarwari a GreenPeace suna da ra'ayi mai yawa. A cikin rahotanni na Chernobyl Catastrope a shekara ta 2006 , sun bayyana cikakken fashewar lalacewa, gano cewa yayin da jami'ai suka bayyana cewa kimanin mutane 4,000 ne suka mutu a Belarus, Ukraine da Rasha tun lokacin hadarin, masana da suka hada da rahoton rahoton GreenPeace a kalla 200,000 mutuwar daga cikin al'ada ga wannan yawan.
Rahoton GreenPeace ya nuna cewa:
- Daga cikin masu saka jari na Belarus - mutanen da suka taimaka wajen tsaftace hadarin - hadarin koda, urinary / mafitsara da ciwon daji na thyroid sun kasance mafi girma ga tsawon lokaci daga 1993 zuwa 2003 zuwa wata ƙungiya mai kama da juna. Cutar sankarar bargo ne ya fi girma a cikin masu ruwa da ruwa daga Ukraine, da tsofaffi a Belarus da kuma yara a cikin yankunan da suka gurɓata Rasha da Ukraine.
- Daga cikin masu tsabar ruwa a cikin general, wasu 88% sun nuna alamun canjin chromosomal a cikin jikinsu.
- Daga 1995 zuwa gaba, an gano yawan cututtukan ciwon daji na ciki, huhu, nono, gwargwadon ƙarfin, ciwon, glanden thyroid, da kuma kasusuwan kwayar halitta a yankunan kudu maso yammacin yankin. A cikin yankin Tula, yawancin cututtuka na kashi da ciwon daji na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya sun gano a cikin yara a cikin wannan lokacin daga 1990-1994.
- Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na tsarin numfashi na kayan rediyowa da aka saki a cikin iskar gas a lokacin hadarin Chernobyl. Manyan Labaran Lafiya na Ukrainian da aka rubuta sunadarai a cikin yawan ciwon sukari da emphysema daga kimanin 300 da dubu 10,000 a shekarar 1990 zuwa fiye da 500 zuwa 10,000 a cikin yawan yara da matasa a shekara ta 2004. A daidai wannan lokuta mashahuran ƙwayar cutar asma ta kusan ninki biyu, ta kai 55,4 a kowace 10,000 yawan jama'a.
- Daga tsakanin 1988 zuwa 1999, farkon cututtukan atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyin jini sun kasance sau 10 zuwa 15 sau da yawa a cikin wadanda aka ceto daga yanki 18 da ke kewaye da Chernobyl, da kuma wadanda ke zaune a wuraren da aka gurbata a cikin radiation, idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a.
- Cutar tsarin Endocrine, cuta mai gina jiki, cututtuka da cuta, da kuma rashin lafiyar jiki sun kasance fiye da sau biyu a tsakanin masu ceto daga yanki 18 da mil da wadanda ke cikin yankunan da aka gurbata, idan aka kwatanta da dukan mutanen Belarussian.
- A cikin yankunan da suka shafi yankin Chernobyl, Rasha ta karu da sau biyar a saukake. Musamman ma, an gano yawan yawan kwayoyin jini, tare da rage yawan ayyukan T-lymphocytes da kwayoyin kisa, kuma mafi girma daga cikin cututtuka kamar thrombocytopenia da anemia.
- Binciken da dama daga cikin mazaunin Ukrainian kafin da bayan ƙaddamarwar Chernobyl ya nuna sauƙi sau shida a cikin sauyin sauye-sauye na nakasasshen chromosomal, wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda za a dauka ga 'ya'yansu. Aberrations na Chromosomal sunyi tunanin cewa sunaye ne na Chernobyl sun kasance nesa kamar Ostiryia, Jamus da Norway.
- Ko da maƙasudin ƙananan matakan radiation zai iya haifar da wasu lalacewar tsarin tsakiya da na jiki. Yana da wuya a tantance cikakken lalacewa daga lalacewar cutar ta Chernobyl, amma masu ruwa da ruwa daga Rasha, sun ruwaito cutar cututtuka a matsayin ƙananan cututtuka na biyu na baya-bayan Chernobyl. Magungunan rashin lafiya da cututtuka tsakanin masu tsofaffi a yankin Belarus da ke gurfanar da rayuka sun kasance da yawa fiye da waɗanda ke cikin yankunan da basu shafi (31.2% idan aka kwatanta da 18.0%).
Greenpeace ba wai kawai kungiya ta damu ba game da abubuwan kiwon lafiya na Chernobyl.
A cikin wata kasida da aka wallafa a cikin Jarida kan Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Mahalli, masana kimiyya daga Moscow sun gabatar da shaida da nuna cewa sassan nukiliya sun kasance kusan sau 26 fiye da yadda aka ruwaito. A cewar masana kimiyya na Moscow, kawai a cikin kashi 10 zuwa 15 cikin 100 na kayan rediyo ne kawai an bar su a rufe a tsarin tsarin sarcophagus wanda ya haifar da mummunan raguwa, tare da 90% da hukumomi suka bayar. Sun kammala cewa matakan daukan hotuna sun kasance, sabili da haka, fiye da sauran masana kimiyya sun zaci.
Yayin da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kiyasta tasirin da ake nunawa a fili a yankuna makwabta, bayanan nazarin halittu masu rikitarwa sun danganta lambobin WHO, suna nuna cewa yawan rashin daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali na halayen chromosome ya kasance kimanin 10 zuwa 100 sau fiye da za a sa ran, kuma daidai wani sakin rediyo mai yawa fiye da yadda aka ruwaito.
Har ila yau, yawan mutanen da aka haife su a Jamus, Poland, Central Turai, Turkiyya, da kuma tsohon Soviet Union ba da daɗewa ba bayan da fashewar Chernobyl ta tashi.
Baya ga yankunan da suka shafi yankin Belarus, Ukraine, da kuma Rasha, abin da ya faru daga Chernobyl yana da tasiri. A cewar masu bincike, sama da kashi 40 cikin dari na Turai sun gurɓata da ƙananan ƙananan Chernobyl, kuma sakamakon lafiyar da ya fito daga canjin chromosomal zuwa nakasar daji da kuma ciwon maganin thyroid a cikin ƙasashe daga Norway zuwa Turkey.
- A yamma da kudancin, daga Jamus ta hanyar Croatia zuwa Bulgaria da Turkiyya, an ƙara yawan nakasawa a lokacin haihuwa a cikin yara da aka bayyana kafin haihuwa. Wannan ya hada da ciwo Down, wanda yawanci yake faruwa a kusan 1 a 1,000 haihuwar, amma an daukaka shi a Yammacin Turai da Scandinavia. Hakan ya faru a cikin Janairu 1987 a cikin watan Janairu 1987, wanda ya dace da yaran da aka haifa a lokacin lokacin da aka fi sani da Chernobyl (Sperling et al 1994b). Yara da aka haifa a gabashin Romania a tsakanin Yuli 1, 1986 da 31 ga Disamba, 1987 sun fi dacewa su kamu da cutar sankarar ƙanƙara fiye da waɗanda aka haifa ba kafin ko bayan wannan lokaci.
- A gabashin Australiya cikin makonni bayan hadarin, ba a yarda da sayar da kayan lambu irin su alayyafo da kayan lambu na kayan lambu ba. Milk, musamman madara daga yankuna mai tsayi, ya gurɓata har fiye da shekara guda. A cikin yankuna ba tare da hazo ba, musamman ma gabashin Australiya, ƙwararren iodine a cikin iska sun yi tsawo a cikin kwanaki ɗaya ko biyu a lokacin da girgizar radiyo ta wuce. Doctors a cikin wadannan yankuna sun ruwaito cewa yawan mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan kawo ya karu daga 1990.
- Kimanin mutane 3,000 ne suka fito daga Armeniya; Yara takwas daga cikin wadannan mutanen sunyi nazari kuma sun gano cewa suna da lafiya, rashin lafiya, ciki har da ƙwayar sakandare, matsalolin gastrointestinal, tonsillitis, hyperthermic convulsions da epilepsy. Kusan yara 15 (27,3%) an bayyana su ne "lafiya a aikin."
- Jamhuriyar Jamhuriyar Czech ta samu sakamako mai yawa wanda ya haifar da matakan tsai da mahimmanci. nazarin ciwon daji na thyroid ya nuna mutane miliyan 247 sun gano cewa tsakanin 1976 zuwa 1990, ciwon daji na thyroid ya tashi a kashi 2% a kowace shekara. Duk da haka, tun daga shekara ta 1990, ƙimar ta tashi fiye da kashi 2% a kowace shekara.
- Ciwon daji na thyroid ya karu da muhimmanci a arewacin Ingila, tare da babban mahimmanci a Cumbria, yankin da ya karbi mafi girma daga hadarin.
Poland ta dauki mataki na karewa don kare mutanenta. Mutane da yawa ba su san cewa Chernobyl wani yanki ne na Poland ba don daruruwan shekaru. A yau, ana mayar da martani ga kasar Kernobyl a matsayin misali don samun nasara ga lafiyar jama'a da ya dace da hatsarin nukiliya. Bayan ƙaddamarwar Chernobyl, Poland ta raba kwayoyin rigakafin potassium zuwa miliyoyin 'yan asalinta. Wadannan Allunan cikakke gland shine tare da iodine, suna hana maye gurbin ma'adinin rediyo daga al'ummar Poland a bayan ƙaddamarwar Chernobyl. Masu bincike da magungunan cututtuka sunyi imani cewa wannan ya taimaka wajen hana ciwon daji a ciwon ciwon thyroid kamar wadanda aka gani a yankunan da ke kusa da Chernobyl.
Chernobyl: An Koyar da Koyar?
Mafi yawan abin da muka sani a yau game da yadda za a kare yawan mutane a yayin da wani makaman nukiliya ya faru ya zo ne a kan kuɗin waɗanda suke zaune a Chernobyl. Mun san yadda za a tsara da kuma gina gwanon da za su iya ɗaukar radiation a cikin cikakkun bayanai.
Daga thyroid lafiya hangen zaman gaba, muna kuma da mafi alhẽri ra'ayin abin da za su yi tsammanin - thyroid ciwon daji ciwon ya tashi a waɗanda suka kasance marasa hana by potassium iodide kuma a cikin waɗanda suka sha madara gurbata by fallout.
A daidai wannan lokacin, kamar yadda likitoci da masu bincike suka haɗa da GreenPeace "rahoton Chernobyl Catastrophe" ya lura: "Game da cikakken fahimtar abubuwan da ke tattare da mummunan haɗari na nukiliya na lafiyar mutum, yana da alama mun ƙara dan gaba. fiye da yadda muka kasance a gaban fashewar Chernobyl shekaru 20 da suka wuce. "
Wannan ya bayyana a bayan girgizar kasa da tsunami a watan Maris na 2011 a Japan, wanda ya haifar da mafita a Fukushima makaman nukiliya. Yawan masarautar kasar Japan ba ta wuce kimanin shekaru 25 zuwa ranar bayan Chernobyl ba. Duk da haka har ma da karni na arba'in da kwarewa da ikon nukiliya, a cikin kasar da ke dogara da ikon nukiliya, Japan ta nuna mummunar sadarwa da kuma kula da batun, rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice na rikice-rikice, kuma ya sha wahala rashin yaduwar potassium a wasu yankuna masu mahimmanci. A halin yanzu, a duniya, akwai rashin fahimtar abin da potassium zai iya - kuma ba zai iya - yi a cikin gaggawa gaggawa; akwai wadataccen kayan da ake amfani da shi a cikin kasar Japan, mai yaduwa da cin abinci, da kuma sauran damuwa da za a warware. Ba a bayyana cewa yawancin darussan da Chernobyl ke da muhimmanci ba sun koya.
Bayanan kalmomi
(1) Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya "Hasumiyar hanya zuwa farfadowa: Amsawar al'umma ga Masana'antu na Dabba" wanda James Mitchell ya shirya © 1996
(2) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
(3) http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
(4) http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
(5) http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
(6) http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chernobyl-accident/
(7) http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/891113.coverup.html
(8) http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
(9) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf)
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867971
Karin bayani
- http://www.naturalnews.com/031793_hyperthyroidism_radiation.html
- http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/svc-grp-further-info.pag?mode=open&sid=94934299
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/544071
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl 15/thyroid.shtml
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno-faq.shtml
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/chernobyl/faqs.shtml
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16881739
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966081
- http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chernobyl-accident/
- http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
- http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/chernobyl.html
- http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0j.htm
- http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
- http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
- http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
- http://inthesenewtimes.com/2011/04/02/sukkancin-kamarin-addastrophe-unacknowledged-health-detriment/
- http://abcnewsradioonline.com/health-news/higher-cancer-risk-continues-annan-kanadawa.html
- http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs303/en/index.html
- http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
- http://culture.polishsite.us/articles/art410fr.htm
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/739180
- http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtPrint/WSIHW000/24479/36146/1394299.html?d=dmtContent&hide=t&k=baseTimfani
- http://www.healthvermont.gov/enviro/rad/KI_fact.aspx
Binciken / marubucin Lisa Moretti ya taimaka wa wannan labarin.