Wurin epidermis shine sashin mafi ƙarancin fata kuma an yi shi da biyar. Tsarin magunguna shine matsakaicin wadannan layuka guda biyar kuma yawancin ayyuka ne a matsayin mai kariya.
Kafin tsakiyar shekarun 1970s, an yi tunanin cewa tsinkayyar kwayar halitta ta kasance mai zurfi, kamar lakaran filastik na bakin ciki wanda ke kare mafi yawan aiki, ƙananan launi na fata. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa tsarin nazarin halittu da sinadaran da ke cikin sashin kwayar halitta yana da matukar damuwa da hadaddun.
Yin fahimtar tsari da aikin stratum corneum yana da mahimmanci saboda shine mahimmanci don samun fata wanda yake da lafiya da kyau. Wadannan misalai za su dauki ku ta hanyar muhimman abubuwa na stratum corneum.
The Corneocyte
Tsarin gine-ginen yana da tsarin tsarin "tubali da turmi", kuma "tubalin" a cikin wannan fasalin sunadaran gina jiki wanda ake kira corneocytes (duba hoto). An yi wani haɗin gine-gine mai nau'in keratin a cikin matakan da aka tsara. Keratin zai iya ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa tsakanin fibobi / zaren. Tsarin magunguna na dauke da kimanin 12 zuwa 16 nau'i na corneocytes, kuma kowane hawan gine-gine tana da nauyin nau'in micrometer, wanda ya danganci abubuwan da ke tattare da su: shekaru, wuri na anatomical, da kuma daukan hotuna zuwa UV .
Lamellar Bodies
Kwayoyin Lamellar an kafa ne a cikin keratinocytes na stratum spinosum da stratum granulosum. Yayin da keratinocyte ya kai ga magunguna, enzymes sun lalata ambulan da ke ciki daga cikin kwayoyin halitta, suna watsar da nau'in lipids da ake kira fatty acids da cakuda.
Intercellular Lipids
Kyautattun fatadarai da cakulan da aka saki daga jikin kwayoyin suna jingine tare a cikin sashin layi don samar da launi na lipids. Saboda akwai nau'in lipids guda biyu, ana kiran wannan Layer a matsayin mai bilayer mai launi na lamellar. Wannan lipid bilayer yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rike abubuwan kariya daga cikin fata kuma yana da mahimmanci ga "turmi" a cikin tsarin tubali da kuma turmi.
Safaffi wanda aka haifa
Kowace haɗin gine-gine yana kewaye da harsashi mai gina jiki wanda ake kira envelope cell. Tantadar tantanin halitta tana hada da sunadarai guda biyu, loricrin da involucrin. Wadannan sunadarai sun haɗa da haɗin haɗin kai tsakanin juna, suna sanya tarin kwayar halitta mafi yawan tsari na corneocyte. An kwatanta nau'i-nau'i biyu na cell envelopes a matsayin "m" da kuma "m," dangane da haɗuwa da bilayer mai launi na lamellar tare da tarin salula.
Safaffiyar Envelope Kasuwanci
An sanya shi zuwa cikin rufi na tantanin halitta ne mai lakabi na liposide wanda ke jan ruwa. Saboda lamarin bilayer mai lakabi ya lalata ruwa, ana gudanar da kwayoyin ruwa a tsakanin tarin kwayar halitta da lipid bilayer. Wannan yana taimakawa kula da ma'aunin ruwa a cikin tarin kwayar ta hanyar tayar da kwayoyin ruwa, maimakon barin su shiga cikin ƙananan rufin epidermis.
Harshen Kasuwanci
"Rivets" da ke riƙe da corneocytes tare sunadaran sunadaran gina jiki wanda ake kira corneodesmosomes. Wadannan sassa sune wani ɓangare na "turmi" a cikin fasalin "tubali da turmi". Corneodesmosomes sune manyan sifofi wanda dole ne a kaskantar da fata don zubar a cikin tsarin da ake kira dequamation.
Factor Na'urar Halitta (NMF)
Nauyin shayarwa na halitta (NMF) tarin tarin mahallin mai ruwa ne wanda ke samuwa ne kawai a cikin tarin shinge. Wadannan mahaukaci suna da kimanin kashi 20 zuwa 30 cikin nauyin nauyin corneocyte. NMF shararru sun sha ruwa daga cikin yanayi kuma sun hada shi da abun ciki na ruwa, suna barin ƙananan sassan layin da za su kasance sunyi tsabta ba tare da yuwuwa ga abubuwa ba. Saboda kayan aikin NMF sunada ruwa, ana sauƙaƙe su daga sel tare da tuntuɓar ruwa - wanda shine dalilin da ya sa maimaitawar sadarwa tare da ruwa ya sa satar fata. Nauyin lipidin dake kewaye da corneocyte yana sanya hatimin corneocyte don hana hasara na NMF.
Tsarin layi
Tsarin layi ko exfoliation na stratum corneum yana da matukar haɗari kuma ana iya fahimtar sassa kawai na wannan tsari. An sani cewa yawancin enzymes sukan kaskantar da halayen a cikin takamaiman tsari, amma ainihin yanayin wadannan enzymes ko yadda za a kunna su don fara aiwatar da exfoliation ba a sani ba. Ruwa da pH suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan wadannan enzymes.
> Sources:
> van Smeden J, Hoppel L, van der Heijden R, Hankemeier T, Vreeken RJ, Bouwstra JA. LC / MS bincike na stratum corneum lipids: ceramide profile da gano. J Lipid Res . 2011 Jun; 52 (6): 1211-1221.
> Walters RM, Mao G, Gunn ET, Hornby S. Ana tsaftace tsarin da ya dace da kariya daga fata. Aikin Farko na Dermatol . 2012; 2012: 495917.
> Johnson, AW. (2015). Cosmeceuticals: Ayyuka da kuma Cikin Gashi. Hanyoyi a Cosmetic Dermatology - Cosmeceuticals . Ed. Zoe Diana Draelos. Elsevier, 11-17.
> Verdier-Sévrain S, Bon F. Tsarin shafa fata: nazari game da tsarin kwayoyin halitta. J Kwaskwarima Dermatol. 2007 Yuni; 6 (2): 75-82.