Sanin ganewar asali na mononucleosis (na daya) yawanci ana sanya shi ne akan alamar bayyanar cututtuka, bincike a binciken jiki, da gwajin jini. Mono yakan haifar da cutar Epstein-Barr (EBV) ko ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da juna, amma gishiri da kuma wasu wasu yanayi na iya buƙatar fitar da su. Duk da yake Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ba ta bada shawara ga gwajin gwagwarmaya, yawancin jagororin suna ƙarfafawa ta yin amfani da wannan gwajin don taimakawa wajen gane dalilin sa.
Kasuwan kai
Kila za ku yi watsi da ku nan da nan ba ko yaronku yana da matsayi saboda alamun farko suna kama da wadanda suka kamu da sanyi, mura, ko kuma kwayar cutar strep. Kwayoyin cututtuka sun iya aika maka zuwa likita sune ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuyansa, ƙusoshin kumbura, zazzabi, da kuma jikin jiki wanda ya dade fiye da kwanaki 10.
Yawancin cututtuka da sauran cututtukan cututtukan hoto sun fi dacewa bayan kwana bakwai, don haka alamar kwanaki 10 yana nuna alama cewa kana da wani abu fiye da waɗannan cututtuka. Hanyoyin cututtuka na iya zama m cikin jarirai da yara.
Yana da mahimmanci kada ku dogara da ilimin ganewa ga mutum daya kamar yadda bayyanar cututtuka na iya kasancewa daga cikin cututtukan da ke buƙatar wata hanya dabam dabam. Ya kamata ku lura da lokaci na bayyanar cututtuka, ciki har da lokacin da ku ko ɗayanku ya fara fara jin lafiya, abin da alamun ya fara, da kuma tsawon lokacin da suka dade. Wannan zai iya taimaka wa likitan ku gane ganewar asali idan bayyanar cututtuka ba su tafi kan kansu ba har ranar 10.
Ya kamata ku ga likitan ku nan da nan tare da duk wani mummunan bayyanar cututtuka na mono. Wadannan sun hada da babban zafin jiki (digiri 101.5 ko fiye), ciwo a cikin ciki, mai ciwo mai maƙara ko tonesils, wahalar numfashi ko haɗiye, raunin rauni, ko ciwo mai tsanani. Wadannan zasu iya kasancewa saboda dangi, amma ana iya biyan kuɗi ga wasu yanayi da rikitarwa.
Labs da gwaje-gwaje
Kwararku zai dubi bayyanar cututtuka da kuma shekarunku (tun da yake mutanen da ke fama da EBV sun fi dacewa su cigaba da bunkasa idan sun kasance matashi ko matasa). Za ta yi nazari na jiki idan za ta dubi bayan kagwararka don suturar hankula (petechiae), jin kunnanka da sauran yankunan da za ka iya samun ƙwayoyin lymph, kuma sauraron kajinka.
Kwararka zai umurci yawan ƙimar jini (CBC) da kuma gwajin antibody. Idan kana da ciwon makogwaro, ana iya yin gwaji mai sauri. A cikin mata masu ciki, za a iya gwada gwajin gwagwarmaya mai yawa don yin sarauta akan ƙananan abubuwan da ba su da EBV da ke da damar da za su iya haifar da ciki.
CBC
Idan kana da dan takarar, CBC din zai nuna yawan jini mai daraja (WBC) tare da karin lymphocytes fiye da saba, wanda ake kira lymphocytosis. Wadannan lymphocytes za su sami wani nau'i mai ban mamaki yayin da masanin kimiyyar likita ya tantance jini a karkashin microscope. Lymphocytes wani ɓangare ne na tsarin jikinka na jikinka kuma yana da dabi'a a gare su a daukaka yayin wasu cututtuka. Kuna da ƙananan nau'in nau'in fararen fata, neutrophils, kuma zaka iya samun ƙananan ƙwayar platin.
Testing Antibody
Za a iya nazarin jininka a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don maganin rigakafi, ko da yake wannan gwaji ba a buƙatar da gaske don ganewar asali na mononucleosis. Kwayoyin rigakafi sun samo asali daga tsarin rigakafi don yaki da kamuwa da cuta ko wasu kwayoyin halitta tsarinka ya zama barazana.
Wannan gwaji (jarrabawar gwagwarmaya mai tsauraran matsala ) wani jarraba ne wanda aka saba amfani dashi don tabbatar da asali. Kyakkyawar gwajin gwaji tare da alamun bayyanar ta na taimakawa tabbatar da ganewar asali na mononucleosis. Duk da haka, CDC ya ce jarabawar gwagwarmaya ba'a bada shawarar saboda yana haifar da sakamakon da ba daidai ba.
Sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na iya zama ƙarya-tabbatacce game da kashi 10 cikin kashi 15 cikin dari na lokaci, musamman a farkon farkon rashin lafiya. Kuna da kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari na samun jarabawar gwajin karya idan an jarraba ku a cikin makon farko na bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan na iya faruwa idan kun jira dogon lokaci don ganin likita, saboda cututtuka masu tayar da hanzari sun karu da sauri bayan an kamu da ku kimanin makonni hudu. Har ila yau, idan kana da maɓalli daga daban-daban na cutar fiye da EBV, kamar CMV, baza'a iya gano shi ba.
Idan jarrabawar gwagwarmaya ba ta da mummunan amma kana da dukkan alamun bayyanar na mono, likita zai iya sake gwadawa kafin yin gwajin gwagwarmaya da yawa. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje za a iya yi idan rashin lafiya bayyanar cututtuka ba saba da mononucleosis ko kuma kun kasance marasa lafiya fiye da mako huɗu. Za a iya gwada ku don cytomegalovirus ko maganin toxoplasma. Ƙarin gwaje-gwajen musamman ga EBV sun haɗa da:
- Kwayoyin yanar gizo da sauri capsid antigen (VCA)
- Na farko antigen (EA)
- EBV gwajin nukiliya na EBV (EBNA)
Binciken Bambanci
Ciwon makogwaro, zazzabi, da glanden furen da aka gani a cikin guda ɗaya zai iya bayyana kamar kamannin cututtuka na strep. Gwaje-gwaje mai zurfi ko ƙwaƙwalwar al'adu na iya taimakawa wajen rarrabe waɗannan. Strep throat yawanci amsa sauri zuwa maganin rigakafi, yayin da basu da tasiri a kan mono.
Har ila yau, ƙwayar cuta tana iya nuna wasu alamun bayyanar na mono amma yawanci ba ya haifar da ƙuƙwalwar wuyansa. Ruwa zai zama mafi alhẽri a cikin ƙasa da makonni biyu.
Ana iya ganin alamun misalin kwayoyin cutar kamar cutar Epstein-Barr. Sauran ma'aikatan da zasu iya haifar da wadannan cututtuka sun hada da cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, cutar kwayar cutar mutum (HIV), rubella, hepatitis A, ɗan adam-herpesvirus-6, da kuma Toxoplasma gondii.
Rashin lafiya tare da wasu daga cikin wadannan ma'aikatan, musamman CMV da Toxoplasma gondii , za a iya sanya su a matsayin ƙwayar cuta mai rikici ko kuma ake kira rashin lafiya guda daya. Kamar yadda yake tare da EBV guda ɗaya, kawai ana bada shawarar bada goyon baya. Duk da haka, wadannan cututtuka na iya haifar da ciki, don haka ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don gano dalilin rashin lafiya suna bada shawara ga iyaye-da-ciki.
Idan likita ya yi amfani da gwajin gwaji, zai iya zama mummunan idan mai haƙuri yana da yanayi wanda ya hada da hepatitis, cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, rubella, tsarin lupus erythematosus, da toxoplasmosis. Dole ne likita ya yi amfani da bayyanar cututtuka da wasu gwaje-gwaje don bambanta tsakanin waɗannan yanayi.
Source:
> Aronson MD, Auwaerter PG. Mutuwar Mononucleosis a cikin Adult da Adolescents. Na zamani. http://www.uptodate.com.
> Virus Epstein-Barr da Cutar Mononucleosis. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/laboratory-testing.html
> Chernecky, CC & Berger, BJ. (2013). Gwaje-gwaje na Laboratory and Prognostic Procedures. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
> White J. Mononucleosis Syndromes. Mai ba da shawara mai cuta. https://www.infectivediseaseadvisor.com/infectious-diseases/mononucleosis-syndromes/article/609813/.