Tsakanin itatuwan itatuwan dabino, dutsen Bambi, rairayin bakin teku mai yashi, da ruwa mai dumi, Filayen Florida yana yawan sauti kamar wuri na sihiri. Amma a cikin kaka 2016, wani baƙo maras so, wanda ya yi amfani da shi, ya fara samar da matsala ga dabbobin, dabbobi, da kuma masu safara, musamman saboda marurar da aka samu a cikin Florida Keys suna da dabbobi masu hadari. Duk da haka daga garke na 1000, an riga an rufe kashi 10 cikin dari saboda wadannan cututtuka masu zafi.
Masana sunyi zurfi cikin fahimtar wannan yanayin , abubuwan da ke faruwa, da kuma hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don dakatar da shi.
Mahimmancin Screwworm
Kullun ya zo kamar kwari. Yana da kimanin girman tsohuwar ƙwararrun launi amma yana da bambanci-yana da idanu na orange da kuma jiki mai duba kayan aiki mai launin shudi, kore, ko launin toka tare da ratsan duhu.
Wannan tashi ya fara haifar da matsalolin lokacin da ya lalata qwai. Matar mace ta sa qwai a kan launi (ko wasu lokuta kamar sauran baki kamar hanci ko hanci). Qwai ƙira cikin kwanakin da ake dage farawa. Yaron ya kwari-da tsutsa-sa'annan ya shiga cikin ciwo, amfani da ita a matsayin abincin. Wannan ake kira myiasis.
A wasu kalmomi, wannan mummunan infestation ne, amma ba kamar sauran ƙwayoyin irin wannan yana rayuwa akan jiki mai rai, ba gawaccen gawa ba. Har ila yau yana da zafi sosai ga dabbobi kamar yadda larvae ke ci da kuma ci cikin nama mai rauni. Zai iya juya ɗan ƙaramin ɓangare cikin zurfin, mai raɗaɗi, rauni.
Dumburan sun bar raunin a cikin kasa da mako ɗaya, komai, kuma su zama kwari, sake farawa da tsari duka.
Ciwon da ke cutar ya zama mafi kyau ga kwari. Ƙarin ƙwayar za a kwantar da su a cikin wannan ciwo, yin dabba ko da rashin lafiya. A ƙarshe, dabbobi masu cutar da zasu iya mutuwa daga wannan.
Akwai duka Sabon Duniya da kuma Tsohon Duniya na fitilu.
Sabon Duniya screwworm an kira Cochliomyia hominivorax . An kira Crewworm na Tsohuwar Duniya Chrysomya bezziana kuma an samo shi a wasu wurare masu dumi, a Asiya (musamman Asiya ta Kudu da kudu maso gabashin Asia), Afrika, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Ina ne aka gano Screwworms?
Har yanzu ana samun Screwworms a kudancin Amirka da kuma wasu sassan Caribbean. Kasashe da gwamnatin Amurka ta dauka ya shafi sun hada da Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Haiti, Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay da Venezuela.
Za a iya dawo da kullun daga wasu ƙasashe. Kuna iya samun samun jakarku a cikin abin da ya faru, amma wannan yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ake aiki da yawa don hana nama da dabbobi daga tafiya ba tare da dubawa ba ta hanyar al'adun duniya. Kullum yana da damar cewa dabbobi ko dabbobi zasu iya ɗaukar kwari ko tsutsa a cikin kasar.
Sun kasance zuwa Amurka Kafin
Ma'aikata na farko sun isa Amurka daga Amurka ta Kudu a cikin 1800s. An kawar da su daga Amurka a shekarar 1966. Wato, yawancin mutanen da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Amurka a shekarar 1966 sun kasance a karshe a Amurka. Har yanzu akwai har yanzu a cikin Amurka har sai 1982, duk da haka. Ma'aikatan fasaha sun shigo daga Mexico zuwa Texas sannan su kara kara kowace shekara.
Babu wani abu da aka gani a Amurka a wajen Texas tun daga shekarun 1970s kuma babu rahoton da ya faru a cikin Amurka tun daga shekara ta 1982, lokacin da aka bayar da rahotanni shida a Texas. Akwai ƙoƙari na ci gaba da Kanal Canal a matsayin raguwa wanda kwari ba zai iya yada daga Amurka ta Kudu zuwa tsakiyar da Arewacin Amirka ba.
Ba haka ba ne a ce babu lokuta da aka gani a Amurka Wani lokaci wani ya dawo tare da wani ɗan dabba daga wata ƙasa da ke fama da cutar. A cikin watan Mayu 2010, magungunan dabbobi sun lura da cewa sun dauki nauyin infestation daga Venezuela zuwa Florida. An ba da wannan yanki sosai bayan wannan lamarin.
Kafin 1966, wadannan kwari sun kasance babban matsala ga masu cin abinci da wasu da dabbobi. Kullun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin dumi a Amurka Dangane da yanayin sanyi a cikin hunturu, waɗannan kwari zasu iya rayuwa a wasu jihohi mafi zafi a kowace shekara-Florida, Texas, Arizona, da California. Bayan hunturu, kwari za su yada a lokacin bazara, rani, da kuma fada. Kowace ƙirar tashi za ta iya kara zuwa arewa, yayin da suke yada zuwa 80-160 km a kowane ƙarni. Da lokacin da ya fi sauyin yanayi, a wasu lokutan sukan iya shiga cikin sassan tsakiya na Amurka kuma har ma suna tunanin cewa an kai su kan iyakar Kanada.
Hanyoyin Screwworm na Tattalin Arziki
Kwayoyin fasaha na yawanci dabbobi da dabbobi zasu iya zama da yawa. A Florida kadai, masana'antu sun fi kimanin dala biliyan 2.5. Yana da wani masana'antu da jihar ke so ya kare tattalin arziki. Sauran jihohi sunyi haka, ba shakka.
Rashin cututtuka na Screwworm zai iya haifar da asarar dabbobi, kuma wadannan cututtuka na iya kashe kuɗi mai yawa ta hanyar maganin kulawa da rigakafi. Idan kullun baza su yadawa da kuma shawo kan dabbobi a Amurka za su iya biya masana'antun dabbobi dabbobi daruruwan miliyoyin dolar Amirka.
Wani karamin fashewa da ke cikin Mexico a 1992 da 1993 ya kai miliyoyin dolar Amirka. Ba shakka muna son ganin babban abu ba.
Screwworm Control
An kawar da maciji daga asibiti daga Amurka ta hanyar yaduwar kwari na kwari, wanda ya fara a cikin 1950s. Florida ta sake maimaita abin da ya faru a shekaru 50 da suka wuce. Jihar ta fara a watan Oktobar 2016 don sake sakin kwari na kwakwalwa. Fata shi ne cewa kwari na asali za su kasance tare da mata, wanda ya haifar da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar, kamar yadda yawancin mata ba za suyi nasara ba.
Yana daukan ƙudaje masu yawa. Masana sun samar da miliyoyin kwari a kowace mako domin su ci gaba da buƙata ko kuma ba zasu "nutse" kwari ba. Akwai sanyi mai sanyi a 1957-8. A Florida, masu bincike da gwamnati sun saki mutane biyu zuwa 14 maras lafiya a mako daya kuma sun ga yadda za a iya sauke su. Daga nan sai suka tayar da samar da 'yan ƙananan mazajen da ke yin kwari a cikin mako guda.
Wannan shi ne kamar sauro da kuma tsare-tsaren da za a iya haifar da cututtuka na sauro kamar Zika , Dengue , da Chikungunya . Gwamnatoci da masu bincike sun na neman hanyoyin da za su hana cutar cututtukan da suka shafi ƙwayoyin cutar baza su yadawa ba kuma sunyi la'akari da wannan tunanin. Akwai mutane da dama da suka goyi bayan amfani da sauro na namiji mara lafiya ko kuma amfani da Wolbachia don shafar yawan yawan sauro.
Bayan kawar da kwari da amfani da kwari, zai iya zama mahimmanci don kauce wa barin dabbobi su sami raunuka wanda zai iya haifar da gida ga waɗannan qwai. Akwai wasu ayyukan dabbobin da za su iya haifar da raunuka wanda kwari zai iya amfani dashi don kwanciya-kwai. Wadannan sun hada da sakawa, da gashi mai laushi, dehorning, da castration na dabbobi.
Har ila yau, kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne ga dabbobi don kauce wa tikiti. Yanke alamar zai iya zama wuri na farko inda aka sa qwai. Daɗaɗɗun tikiti a Texas yana nufin cewa kullun ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shekarun 1970s fiye da yadda zasu iya samun hakan.
A ƙarshe, akwai magunguna na Key West, Florida ta kafa (da Georgia). Wannan shi ne don kauce wa barin dabbobi da suke kamuwa da su don yaduwar wadannan kwari. Akwai wuraren bincike don kiyaye dabbobin da za su kamu da cutar daga barin wuraren da aka shafa.
Jiyya na Kamuwa da cuta
A cikin lokuta inda kamuwa da cuta ke faruwa, wasu sunadarai idan aka yi amfani da cutar ta cutar za su iya kashe larvae. Yawanci yana buƙatar yin maganin ciwo na kwana biyu zuwa uku a jere sannan kuma cire larvae bayan haka (ya ce da masu tweezers).
Wasu kuma suna yin amfani da ƙwanƙwasawa ko kwashe dabbobi tare da kwari don kare sake tashiwa har zuwa kwanaki bakwai zuwa 10.
Shin Screwworm ya shafi dabbobin gida?
Cikakken tsuntsaye zasu iya-kuma sun shawo kan raunuka na dabbobi da dabbobin ɓata, kamar yadda zasu iya shafar dabbobi. An gano cututtuka na Screwworm a cikin cats, karnuka, har ma aladu a Florida a cikin 2016 fashewa. Ana iya gano lokuta na farko a cikin dabbobin dabbobi.
Za a iya ciwo raunuka kuma za a iya cire larvae, amma mafi kyau don kauce wa wannan. Yana da ciwo ga man fetur kuma zai iya kasancewa kamuwa da cuta.
Idan kana da takalmi, toshe raunuka na lambun ku kuma kada ku kawo su a wuraren da akwai kullun idan kuna iya kaucewa. Idan ka karbi takalmi daga waje na Amurka ko kuma kawo karo don tafiya tare da ku a waje da Amurka yana da muhimmanci a sami jaririn duba lafiyar ku, musamman ma idan akwai raunuka mai raɗaɗi.
Shin Screwworm Ya Shafi Mutane?
Wannan ya faru ne lokaci-lokaci, amma gaba daya bazai damu ba. Bugu da kari, ajiye raunuka a koyaushe yana da kyau, kuma mafi mahimmanci idan kun kasance a wani yanki wanda ya faru da scestworm infestations. A cikin yanayin da ake samu na kamuwa da cuta, ana iya magance cututtuka kuma an kawar da larvae.
> Sources:
> Ma'aikatar Noma ta Arewacin Carolina. Screwworm.
> FAO. Gwajin daji da kuma kawarwa a kudancin Amurka.
> USDA. New World Screwworm .
> Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na California. Screwworm .