Rarraba da kuma maganin wannan mummunan kwayoyin halitta da kodan
Bayani
Kamar yadda sunan yake nunawa, kundin dawakai mai kisa ya zama abnormality inda kodan biyu zasu sami jigilar juna tare da samar da kogi. Duk da haka, ba kawai siffar da tsarin kodan da ke da hauka ba. Sakamakon su yana da hauka.
Maimakon kasancewa a cikin ƙananan ciki, a ƙarƙashin gefen haƙarƙarin kuma kusa da kashin ka, wani kundin dawaki na karusai yana nuna yawancin ƙasa a ƙashin ƙugu.
Wannan ba kawai ƙwayar cututtukan kwayar kodaya ba ne ko tsari. Wani misali na kowa shine wani abu da ake kira " kidney kick ." Kafin mu iya fahimtar dalilin da ya sa siffofin kudan zuma da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, dole ne mu fahimci al'ada ta al'ada a yayin ci gaban mu a cikin mahaifa.
Fahimtar yadda aka tsara Kayan Kayan Dan Adam
Yayin da muka kasance a cikin tayi da kuma tasowa cikin jiki, ƙwayoyinmu sunyi matakai uku na ci gaba kafin a kammala aikin kwarewa da kuma girma:
- Pronephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanephros
Ka yi tunanin zangon magunguna na kwayoyin halitta da kuma tsarin da suka dace wanda zai hade tare a cikin cikakken aikin aikin koda. An samu mataki na metanephros ta kimanin makonni shida na gestation. An haɗa shi da abin da ake kira "metanephric mesenchyme" da kuma "budurwa". Wadannan sifofi zasu haifar da koda da kuma mai tsabta.
Me ya sa muke bukatar fahimtar wannan tsari? Da kyau, idan muna jin dadin cewa koda koda koda ya karbi wasu canje-canjen yanayi da matsayi har sai ya ƙare a cikin tsari na karshe, zai zama sauƙin fahimtar wani abu mai kama da kullun dawaki. Saboda haka yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa mataki na metanephros da aka bayyana a baya (wanda ya wuce kodin da ya ci gaba) an sanya shi a cikin ƙashin kullun, kuma ba inda koda yaron ya kasance (babba babba)!
Yayin da muke girma daga cikin jariri a cikin jariri, ci gaban jikinmu zai haifar da canji a matsayin matsayi na wannan ƙwayar ƙwayar kamar yadda ya motsa daga ƙashin ƙugu kuma ya tashi a hankali zuwa matsayi na ƙarshe (a ƙarƙashin gefen haƙarya da kusa da ginshiƙan kashin baya ). Ba wai kawai kodan ke hawa ba, don haka sai su juya cikin ciki domin abin da ake kira "ƙwallon ƙwallon" yanzu yana fuskantar fushin kashin baya. An kira wannan tsari juyawa, yayin da hawan koda zuwa wurin karshe shine ake kira hijirar. Wannan tsari ya cika ta lokacin da amfrayo yake da makon takwas.
Yanzu muna da wani bayyani game da samuwar kodan kodayyen mutum, zamu iya gane cewa duk wani rushewa tare da tafiyarwa ko tafiyar matakai zai nuna cewa ba za'a iya kwarewa kawai ba a wuri mara kyau, su ma zasu iya ƙarewa An sanya shi cikin guda ɗaya, maimakon ƙananan hagu da hagu.
Formation
Wani koki mai dawaki ne abin da muke kira "anomaly fusion." Kamar yadda kalma ke nunawa, anomaly fuska zai faru yayin da koda ya kasance a haɗe zuwa wancan. Wannan zai faru ne saboda kowane rushewa da tsarin tafiyar hijirar al'ada da kodan. Wani abu mafi mahimmanci shine sabon abu inda ƙaurawar haɗari ta shafi nauyin koda ɗaya maimakon ɗayan, wanda zai haifar da kodan suna kasancewa a gefe guda na kashin baya.
Wannan ana kiran shi "ketafacciyar ƙwayar ectopic koda."
A cikin saba kofaton ƙarfe koda, da ƙananan iyakacin duniya na kodan zai fuse tare sabili da haka ba Yunƙurin zuwa hankula asalta siffar. Kwanan da ke fitar da fitsari daga kodanmu (wanda ake kira 'ureters') har yanzu suna nan kuma suna magudana kowace gefe daban. Ƙungiyar haɗin ƙwayar koda tana kiransa "isthmus.
Wannan ƙirar yana iya ko a'a ba ya kwance a kwakwalwa. Idan ya kasance ya fi kusa da juna, za mu kira shi "asymmetric horsehoe kick." Ayyukan koda na aiki na iya zama ko kuma ba zasu zama maƙarƙashiya ba, saboda haka ba sabon abu ba ne kawai don ganin kodan da aka sanya su ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin nama.
Tsarin jima'i
A wani matsakaici, nazarin ya ruwaito cewa kasancewar kullun daftarin karuwanci a duk inda daga 0.4 zuwa 1.6 marasa lafiya, don kowane haihuwa na 10,000. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne rahoton da ya faru kawai. Abinda ya faru zai iya zama mafi girma tun lokacin da aka samu kundin dawaki na karusai wanda ba a san shi ba.
Cutar cututtuka
Mafi rinjaye ba zai. A gaskiya ma, kodan dawakai na karuwanci suna karuwa ne a wani lokaci a kan nazarin binciken da aka yi don wasu dalilai. Duk da haka, idan bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance, an danganta su da haɗari a cikin fitsari wanda aka kirkira saboda yanayin rashin haɗari da daidaitawar kodan. Wasu daga cikin alamun bayyanar sune:
- Rashin wuta a lokacin urination, ƙara yawan urinary, gaggawa na gaggawa-duk an haifar da karuwa don bunkasa ciwon urinary. Wannan yanayin yana gani ne saboda ƙananan ƙarancin urinary. Wannan yana haifar da aljihu na fitsari mai mahimmanci, wanda shine kyakkyawan matsakaici don kwayoyin cutar da girma da bunƙasa
- Flank ko ciwon ƙuƙwalwa saboda ƙuntatawa ga kwarara da fitsari
- Ƙara yawan ƙwayar koda. Wadannan su biyun zasu haifar da ciwon ciki ko ƙananan ciwo kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, amma kuma zai iya haifar da bayyanar jini a cikin fitsari. Dutsen da kansu zasu iya haifar da cututtuka na urinary
- Zubar da sinadarin furotin daga mafitsara ga masu tsabta, wanda zai haifar da haɗari mai yawa na cututtuka na urinary da kuma kwarewa a kodan. Wannan ake kira VUR (vesicoureteral reflux)
- Hydronephrosis - wannan yana nufin wani ƙaddamar da tsarin tsabtace urinary a cikin koda. Wannan ƙwayar za a iya ƙirƙirar da koda ko tsaka-tsalle, har ma da matsawa ga masu tsabta ta hanyoyi.
- Sauran ƙananan halayen halitta - tun da kullun dawakai na iya zama wani ɓangare na mummunar kwayoyin halitta, sauran mazhabobi na hanyar urogenital za a iya lura. Wadannan sun hada da gwaji marasa dacewa a yara, ko tsarin mahaifa mai mafitsara a cikin 'yan mata.
Matsaloli
Mafi yawan rikitarwa ya fito ne daga abin da aka ambata a sama da asibitoci da alamu na kudan zuma, wanda ya danganta da matsawa a cikin urinary fili.
Abin sha'awa shine, marasa lafiya da kullun dawakai suna neman samun ƙarin haɗari na irin ƙwayar koda da ake kira "Wilms tumo". Dalilin da ke tattare da wannan hadarin basu fahimta sosai ba. Wannan ya fara ne ta sanannun Nazarin Wilms Tumor wanda ya yi kusan kusan shekaru 30 kuma ya gano marasa lafiya 41 da Wilms tumo wanda ya faru da kullun dawaki.
Wataƙila wani damuwa mai mahimmanci akai-akai a kowace rana, shine gaskiyar dawwamammen kundin dawakai ya fi sauƙi ga rauni daga mummunar cututtukan zuciya. Alal misali, a cikin raunin belin da aka yi a lokacin abin haɗari na motar, wani belin ɗakin zai iya zubar da ciki na ciki, ciki har da kullun dawaki da ƙuƙwalwa. Kodan kodayake na al'ada wanda ya kasance mafi girma kuma ba a haɗa shi ba kusan yawanci ba ne.
Sanin asali
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, kundin dawakan kudan zuma za a iya ganowa a kan hotuna na ciki. Ana buƙatar yawancin binciken idan an lura da alamun bayyanar, alamu, ko matsalolin da suka gabata. Alal misali, idan ka sha wahala tare da cututtuka na urinary ci gaba a cikin sautin kundin dawakai, likitan koda zai bayar da shawarar wani abu wanda ake kira cystourethrogram (VCUG) don sanin ko duk wani furotin na fitsari yana samuwa. Wasu gwaje-gwaje da za a iya umurni sun haɗa da:
- Gwaje-gwaje na aikin koda : wadannan sun hada da gwaje-gwajen jini kamar BUN da ka'idar creatinine, da kimanin GFR. Yin gwaji na gina jiki ko jini yana taimakawa. Da fatan a duba a nan don cikakkun bayanai.
- Bincike mai zurfi don tabbatar da hani
- CT Urogram
Jiyya
Idan babu babban rikitarwa ko game da bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance, kuma aikin koda ya zama al'ada, babu ƙarin magani da ake bukata. Amma masu haƙuri dole ne a yi musu gargadi game da yaduwar cutar su zuwa mummunan rauni na ciki. Idan akwai matsalolin da aka gani saboda rashin tsangwama ga ƙwayar cutar fitsari, likita ya kamata a kimanta shi ta likita (nephrologist da urologist) don ƙayyadad da ƙarin aiki da kuma ganin idan gyaran ƙwayar zai iya taimakawa wajen dakatarwa. A mafi yawan marasa lafiya, halayen lokaci nagari yana da kyau.
Kalma Daga
Ka tuna cewa kullun dawaki ne ƙaƙƙarfar rashin ci gaba da yanayin kodan da tsarin. Duk da yake mafi yawan marasa lafiya ba su da bayyanar cututtuka kuma za a gano koda kodayarsu ta hanyar ba da labari a kan hoto, ka tuna cewa bayyanar cututtuka za a iya bayar da rahotanni a cikin marasa rinjaye marasa lafiya kuma yawanci suna da alaka da tsangwama na fitsari, ƙwayoyin koda, ko cututtukan urinary.
Idan bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance, magani, ciki har da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar magani don taimakawa wajen dakatarwar, zai zama mai zama dole, amma mafi yawan marasa lafiya za a iya kula da su lafiya kuma babu ƙarin kimantawa ko magani ya zama dole. Kodayake kana bukatar ka tuna da kara yawan haɗarin rauni na jiki zuwa koda mai shan ƙarfe (musamman daga mummunan cututtukan zuciya), tuna cewa abin da ake dadewa yana da kyau!
> Sources:
> Hanya H, et al. Gudanar da kundin dawaki mai kama da samari 36. Prog Urol. 2004 Sep; 14 (4): 485-8.
> O'Brien J a al. Hoto da kodayen dawakai da kuma matsalolin da suke ciki. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2008 Yuni; 52 (3): 216-26. Doi: 10.1111 / j.1440-1673.2008.01950.x.
> Pascual Samaniego M, et al. Traumatic rupture na wani kofaton ƙarfe koda. Actas Urol Esp. 2006 Afrilu 30 (4): 424-8.
> Neville H, et al. Abinda yake faruwa na wutsiyar Wilms a cikin kodan dawaki na karuwanci: rahoto daga National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG) .J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Aug; 37 (8): 1134-7.