Harshen rikici na jini don yara yana da wuya idan aka kwatanta da manya. Duk da yake karatun karuwar jini zai iya zama idan aka kwatanta da kawai abubuwan da aka wallafa don abin da ake ganin ya zama al'ada da mawuyacin hali, kwatancin sauki ba zai yiwu ba ga yara. Saboda jikin jikinsu yana canzawa da sauri a farkon rayuwar, dole ne a gyara mahimman karatun jini don tsawo, shekaru, nauyi, da jinsi.
Wadannan karatun da aka gyara sun kasance a lokacin da aka kwatanta da ɗakunan rikitarwa da ke lissafin "jeri guda ɗaya." Wani fanni mai mahimmanci ya gaya wa likita yadda yanayin karfin jini ya kwatanta da sauran yara ta hanyar kallon hawan jini wanda ya haɗa da miliyoyin yara.
Alal misali, idan likitanku ya gaya muku cewa cutar karfin jininku ya kasance a cikin kashi 65th, wannan yana nufin 35% na yara wadanda shekarunsu, tsawo, nauyi, da jinsi suna da karfin jini fiye da yaro. Don mafi yawan dalilai, matsalolin jini daga kimanin kashi 50th zuwa 90th percentiles suna dauke su a cikin na al'ada, yayin da mafi girma ko ƙananan dabi'u na iya nuna ainihin bukatar taimakon likita.
Yadda za a Bayyana Harkokin Cutar Jima'i na Pediatric
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) suna kula da bayanan da aka yi amfani da shi don samar da cutar jini ta kashi-kashi, kuma dukkanin bayanai yana samuwa ga jama'a.
Kayan ma'auni na tsawo, nauyin nauyi, da kuma ma'auni na jiki (BMI) da aka yi amfani da su don samar da sassauran ma'auni na samuwa don saukewa (PDF format):
- Matsayinta ta Ƙarshen Tarihi
- Boys
- 'Yan mata
- Nauyin nauyi ta Age Charts
- Boys
- 'Yan mata
- BMI ta Age Age
- Boys
- 'Yan mata
Wannan bayanan da aka tattara daga babban jerin ayyukan kimiyya da na asibiti wanda aka sani da binciken Neman Gidajen Lafiya da Nutrition (NHANES), zai baka damar ganin yadda jaririnka ya kwatanta da matsakaicin ƙasa na Amurka.
Mafi amfani, duk da haka, su ne yanayin jini na jini wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar amfani da bayanan NHANES. Hanyoyin jini da aka haɗa da kashi-kashi suna samuwa don saukewa ta hanyar hanyoyin da ke ƙasa:
- Rajistar Harkokin Tsaro na Fediatric Blood - Boys
- Rajistar Harkokin Tsaro na Fediatric Blood - 'Yan mata
Don amfani da sigogi na ainihi, na farko, tabbatar da cewa za ka zabi madaidaicin namiji ko mace. Binciken shafi na hagu-mafi-tsaye don samo jere wanda ya dace da shekarunku. Yi la'akari da cewa kowace shekara yana da layuka na mutum don nauyin jini na 90th da 95th. Tsakanin ginshiƙai kowannensu yana wakiltar matsakaicin kashi. Daidaita shafi mai tsawo da 90th ko 95th centile shekara-kashi jini jigilar jujjuya nuna maka da darajar numfashi na wannan cutar jini percentile.
Wannan tsari ya fi rikitarwa fiye da shi. Bari mu gwada misali. Ka ce kana da dan shekara 4 mai girman mita 103cm (40.5 inci, ko 3.5ft). Da farko ka dubi babban ɗakin CDC ta ma'auni don gano ɗayan ɗigon ka. Yarinya mai shekaru 4 mai girman 103cm zai kasance a kusan kusan 75th mai girman kashi (sami matsayi inda shekarun da tsawo ya rataya kuma zaɓi ƙusa mafi kusa).
Yanzu, ta yin amfani da siginar jini mai saurin jini, zaka iya samun dabi'un cutoff don nauyin jini na 90th da 95th a cikin ɗan shekaru 4 mai shekaru 75th. Yin amfani da haɗin jini yana haifar da waɗannan dabi'un don misalin ɗanmu:
- Rawan jini na kashi 90th = 109/65
- Matsanancin jini na 95th = 113/69
Gwada kokarin aiwatar da matsalolin jinin 90th da 95th na waɗannan misalai (amsoshi a ƙarshen wannan labarin):
- Yarinya mai shekaru 10 a cikin 90th tsawo percentile
- Yarinyar mai shekaru 5 mai tsawon mita 116
Bayan yin aiki tare da waɗannan sigogi, zaku ga cewa dacewa da dukan bayanan da suka cancanta zai iya zama rikitarwa.
Duk da yake tsarin ba shi da wuyar gaske, zai iya zama rikice da cinyewa lokaci. Saboda wadannan dalilai, ya fi kyauta don barin aiki na gano fassarar tarihin yarinyar jinin danku ga likitocin kiwon lafiya.
Amsoshin Samun Misalai:
A 10 mai shekaru yaro a cikin 90th tsawo percentile:
- Raunin Jirgin Ƙasa na 90th = 118/77
- Matsanancin jini na 95th = 122/81
Yarinyar mai shekaru 5 wanda yake da tsayinsa 116cm:
- Hawan Hawan = 95th
- Rawan jini na kashi 90th = 109/69
- Matsanancin jini na 95th = 113/73
Sources
> Rahoton Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya da Nahiya na Uku, 1988-1994.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhanes3.htm
> Lurbe, E, Sorof, JM, Daniels, SR. Clinical da kuma bincike al'amurran da kiwon lafiya maganin cutar karfin kulawa a cikin yara. J Pediatr 2004; 144: 7.
> Dasgupta, K, O'Loughlin, J, Chen, S, et al. Cigaba da bambancin jinsi a cikin yanayin jinin jini mai yawa: bincike game da yarinyar matasa masu tasowa. Yanayin 2006; 114: 2663.
> Rosner, B, Prineas, RJ, Loggie, JM, Daniels, SR. Hanyoyin hawan jini na yara da matasa, da tsawo, jima'i, da kuma shekaru, a Amurka. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 871.
> DHHS, PHS, NIH, Zuciya ta Duniya, Lung, da Ciwon Blood. Ɗaukaka rahoton rahoto na Tashar Force (1987) a kan Yunkurin Tsaro na Yara a Yara da Matasa: Rahoton Ma'aikata daga Harkokin Ilimi na Ƙungiyar Harkokin Tsaro na kasa. NIH Publication 96-3790; 1996; 7-9.