Dysplasia ta Hip ne sunan likita da ake amfani dasu don bayyana matsala tare da samuwar haɗin hip a cikin yara. Matsalar matsalar ta iya zama kofar kwallon kafa ta hip ( shugaban mace ), sashin kwakwalwar hip (da acetabulum), ko duka biyu.
A tarihi, likitoci da yawa sun kira matsalar dysplasia na al'ada na hip, ko CDH. Kwanan nan, yardawar kalmomin sune dysplasia ci gaba na hip ko DDH.
Dalilin Hip Dysplasia
Dalilin dasplasia na hip ba shine mai sauƙin saukowa ba, saboda an yi la'akari da yawancin abubuwan da zasu taimakawa wajen bunkasa wannan yanayin. Dysplasia ta hanji yana faruwa ne game da 0.4% na duk haife kuma ya fi kowa a cikin 'yan mata na farko. Wasu dalilai da aka sani game da haɗari ga yaron da ke da ƙwayar dysplasia ta hanji sun hada da:
- Yara da tarihin iyali na dysplasia na hanji
- Babes da aka haife su a matsayi na breech
- An haifi jariran da wasu "matsalolin bugu"
- Oligohydramnios (rashin ciwon jini)
"Shirye-shiryen kwalliyar" sune yanayin da zai haifar da wani ɓangare daga matsayi mai ciki na jariri; misali, kwancen kafa da torticollis. Mafi yawancin yara a cikin kwakwalwa na hanji a cikin yara da aka haifa, yana da yawa a cikin mata (80%) kuma yana faruwa fiye da hagu (hagu na hagu 60% kawai, 20% hips, 20% kawai hip kawai)
Sanin asalin Hip Dysplasia
Sanin asibiti na dysplasia a cikin jariri ya dogara akan binciken binciken jiki.
Dole likitanku za su ji dadin " murfin hanzari " a lokacin da ke yin gyaran magunguna ta haɗin hip. Wadannan hanyoyi, waɗanda ake kira jarrabawar Barlow da Ortolani, zasu haifar da wani katako da ba shi da matsayi don "danna" yayin da yake motsawa cikin kuma daga wurin da ya dace.
Idan an ji muryar hanzari, likitanku zai samo hotunan jarrabawa don tantance aikin haɗin hip.
Wani x-ray ba ya nuna kasusuwa a cikin wani jariri har sai kimanin watanni 6, sabili da haka an fi son sauti ta dan wasan. Hakanan dan tayi zai nuna wa likita matsayi da siffar haɗin hip. Maimakon kwakwalwar kwando-kwakwalwa na yau da kullum, duban dan tayi zai iya nuna kwallon a waje na soket, da kwasfa mai tushe (m). Za a iya amfani da duban dan tayi na jariri don sanin yadda maganin yake aiki.
Jiyya na Hip Dysplasia
Yin jiyya na dysplasia na jikin ya dogara da shekarun yaro. Makasudin magani shi ne daidaita matsayi na hawan hip ("rage" hip). Da zarar an samu raguwa mai kyau, likita zai riƙe hip a wannan matsayi kuma ya ba da damar jiki ya dace da sabon matsayi. Ƙananan yaro, ƙwarewa mafi kyau don daidaitawa da hip, da kuma mafi kyawun damar dawowa. Yawancin lokaci, jikin ya zama ƙasa mai sauki don mayar da haɗin gwiwa na hip. Yayin da magani na dysplasia na jikin mutum ya bambanta ga kowane mutum jariri, wata mahimman bayani ta biyo baya:
- Haihuwar zuwa watanni 6
Yawanci, a cikin jarirai, dysplasia ta hanyan zai rage tare da amfani da takalmin gyare-gyare na musamman wanda ake kira Pavlik . Wannan katakon takalmin yana riƙe da kwatangwalo na jaririn a matsayin da ke hana haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Bayan lokaci, jikin ya dace da matsayi mai kyau, kuma haɗin gwiwa na hip ya fara samuwa na al'ada. Kimanin kashi 90 cikin 100 na jarirai da dysplasia ta hanyan da ake bi da su a cikin kayan aikin Pavlik zai dawo da cikakken. Mutane da yawa likitoci ba za su fara maganin gyaran maganin Pavlik ba don da yawa makonni bayan haihuwa.
- 6 watanni zuwa 1 shekara
A cikin ƙananan yara, Pavlik kulawa da kayan aiki bazai ci nasara ba. A wannan yanayin, likitan likitanku zai sanya yaron a cikin ƙwayar cuta. Wannan yakan sa hip ya ɗauka matsayin dace. Da zarar a cikin wannan matsayi, za a sanya yaron a cikin wani spica jefa . Simintin gyare-gyare ne kama da kayan aikin Pavlik amma yana ba da damar motsi. Ana buƙatar wannan a cikin yara da suka fi girma don kulawa da matsayi na haɗin hip. - Fiye da shekaru 1
Yara fiye da shekara daya suna bukatar tiyata don rage haɗin gwiwa a matsayin dace. Jiki zai iya samar da tsohuwar jikin da zai hana hanji daga ɗaukar matsayinsa na dace, kuma ana buƙatar tiyata don daidaita matsayin hawan hip. Da zarar wannan ya faru, yaro zai sami spica ƙaddamar don ɗaukar hanji a matsayin da ya dace.
Nasarar magani yana dogara da shekarun yaro da kuma ƙimar da aka rage. A cikin jaririn jariri tare da raguwa mai kyau, akwai kyawawan dama na farkawa. Lokacin da magani ya fara tun lokacin da aka tsufa, da zarar ya fara dawo da raguwa. Yara da ke da ciwon dysplasia ta hanzari suna da damar yin ɓarna da ciwon wariyar launin fata a baya a rayuwa. Za a iya buƙatar yin aikin tiyata don sake yankewa kasusuwan ( hip osteotomy ), ko maye gurbin maye , a cikin rayuwar.
Sources:
Guille JT, Pizzutillo PD, MacEwen GD "Ci gaban Dysplasia na Harkokin Hijira Daga Haihuwa zuwa Zuwa shida" J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg., Yuli / Agusta 2000; 8: 232 - 242.
Vitale MG da Skaggs DL "Ciwon Dysplasia na Ƙarƙashin Hip Daga Daga Kwana shida zuwa Shekaru na Shekaru" J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg., Nuwamba / Disamba 2001; 9: 401 - 411.