Smallpox ne ke haifar da cutar bambance-bambancen kwayar cuta kuma an sani ne kawai za'a iya watsawa tsakanin mutane. Ana kiyaye kwayar cutar ta hanyar binciken kawai a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje biyu a duniya: Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) a Amurka da kuma Cibiyar Kariya a Rasha.
An bayyana cutar ta hanyar kawar da cutar a shekara ta 1980 bayan shirin duniya na maganin alurar riga kafi da kuma warewa.
Abubuwa na karshe da aka sani sun faru ne daga wani fashewa a Somalia a shekara ta 1977. An kaddamar da cutar ta kasuwa a yau.
Tun 1980, maganin rigakafi da kananan kwayoyi sun tsaya a dukan duniya, suna barin babban ɓangaren jama'a ba tare da wata rigakafin cutar da ke haifar da ƙananan matuka ba.
Viriola Virus
Variola ta fito ne daga ƙungiyar ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sani da suna orthopoxvirus Har ila yau, ya hada da biri, cowpox, maganin alurar rigakafi, camelpox, da wasu kayan haɓaka.
Yayinda ake zaton kullun an kawar da shi a yanayi, wani orthopoxvirus zai iya haifar da wani fashewa. Kwayoyin da aka haɗu da su a cikin nau'in halitta ba tare da jikinsu ba amma zasu iya cutar da mutane an sani su zoonotic. Dukkanin magunguna suna iya tarawa mutane amma ba su da haɗari kamar ƙananan maniyyi kuma baza a iya saukawa daga mutum zuwa ga mutum ba.
Bioterrorism
Babban damuwa game da cutar variola yana iya amfani dashi a matsayin makamin halitta.
Ko da yake kodubuwan yaro ba ya faru ba sau da yawa a shekarun da suka gabata, jami'an kiwon lafiyar dole ne su kula da shirin da za su yi a yayin da mutane ke nuna cutar.
Kwamitin CDC zaiyi la'akari da wani akwati wanda ya tabbatar da karamin karamin gaggawa a gaggawa saboda rashin rashin daidaito a cikin halin yanzu.
Miliyoyin maganin alurar rigakafin cututtukan kwayoyi suna adana a Amurka a yayin wani fashewa.
Za a magance alurar rigakafi na farko da masu amsawa, sojan soja, da masu kiwon lafiya a matsayin da za a iya hana su yada kwayar cuta fiye da tsarin kiwon lafiya. CDC yana da maganin alurar rigakafin ƙwayar cutar ƙanƙara don hana kowa a Amurka.
Amfani da sakewa
Kodayake yayinda yanayin da ke faruwa a cikin kwayar cututtukan kwayoyin cutar baƙar fata ba ya rayuwa a cikin kowane dabba da aka sani, kawai yana jiran dakatar da mutum, masana kimiyya sun samo wasu misalai masu yawa na variola a cikin tsoffin samfurori na jikin mutum.
Abin damuwa shi ne cewa wani nau'i marar rashawa na virus na variola zai iya wanzuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda yake nuna yawan tayi a kowace shekara.
Ana aikawa
Rashin ciwo, pertussis, da kyanda sun fi kwakwalwa fiye da kwayar cutar. Ana kawo kwayar cutar ta hanyar hulɗa kusa da tsawon lokaci. Kwayar variola tana da iska kuma yawanci ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar respiratory tract.
Wane ne yake da lafiya?
Magunguna suna ciwo kamar yadda suka nuna alamu da bayyanar cututtukan kwayoyin cutar ta kanji kuma suna ci gaba da rikitarwa har sai raguwa da ƙurar sunyi nasara. Pustules za su farfasa su kuma su fadi, su bar wani tsage.
Da zarar sun bushe, wanda ya ɗauki kimanin makonni hudu, to sai mai haƙuri ba'a dauke da cutar ba.
Kasuwancin Airborne da Sadarwa
Yawancin lokaci, mai haƙuri tare da kamuwa da cuta da mutumin da ke karbar kamuwa da cutar ya zauna a cikin gida. Maimaita shi ne cewa ana amfani da ƙananan matsi ta hanyar ruwa mai zurfi a yayin da mai haɗari ya kwanta ko sneezed. Duk da haka, akwai rahotanni da yawa da aka ba da rahoto game da watsa labaran da aka ba su da kuma watsawa a fili a tsakanin benaye na asibiti, wanda zai ba da ƙananan matakan iska.
Tun lokacin da aka ba da kwayar cututtukan kwayoyin cutar ba tun 1977, masu binciken ba su da tabbacin cewa an kawo iska ta hanyar manyan korayi.
Kwayoyin lantarki na yau da kullum a cikin asibitoci ba su wanzu ba lokacin da ake maganin cutar ƙanana a Amurka. Idan ana ɗauke da kwayar ta hanyar manyan droplets, sabon tsarin iska bai kamata ya bambanta ba. A gefe guda kuma, idan an dauki kwayar cutar ta hanyar zurfin sauƙi a cikin tasirin respiratory, mayafin iska zai iya haifar da matsala da za a iya rinjayar.
Kwayar variola tana rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa wanda yake fitowa daga wuraren da aka fi sani a cikin cututtukan pox. Ruwa yana iya gurɓata kwanciya da tufafi, yana sa shi da cutar. Dole ne masu amfani da lafiya suyi amfani da kariya lokacin kula da marasa lafiya da ƙananan manoma.
Alurar riga kafi
An yi amfani da kalmar "alurar riga kafi" saboda maganin rigakafin cutar ƙanana, wanda yake daga cutar maganin cutar kuma yana da alaka da cutar maras lafiya. "Vacca" na nufin saniya a Latin.
Cutar cutar Variola, wadda ke haifar da kwayar cututtuka, ita ce cutar mai ɓarna wadda ta ciyar da lokacin saurinta yana ɓatarwa a kusa da mahalarta dan Adam kuma ya sake haifuwa ba tare da haifar da amsa ba. A lokacin da kwayar cutar variola ta tasowa cikin ƙananan maniyyi kuma ta yi rashin lafiya ga marasa lafiya, cutar ta yada cikin jiki. Tsarin na rigakafi yana da lokaci don amsawa.
Vaccinia, a gefe guda, ya zauna a cikin ɗan adam kuma bai yi kama da variola ba. Har ila yau, ba ya haifar da yawa, idan akwai, rashin lafiya. Yana haifar da amsawar da ba ta dace ba, wanda jiki zai iya amfani da ita wajen yaki ko cutar.
Samun maganin alurar riga kafi a cikin kwanaki uku na farko na daukan karamin karamin lokaci yana ba da lokaci na gaggawa don yunkurin yaki da cutar virus. Ko da idan an yi alurar riga kafi bayan shawagi ba zai hana mai haƙuri daga samun rashin lafiya ba, zai iya rage ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da hadarin ƙwaƙwalwa
Babu wuya duk wanda aka haife shi a Amurka bayan 1971 ya sami maganin alurar riga kafi, wanda ya bar yawan mutanen da zasu iya kamuwa da cutar idan cutar ta sake tashi. Wadanda aka yi wa maganin alurar riga kafi kafin 1971 zasu iya samun rigakafi zuwa kanananpo, amma masu bincike ba su da tabbaci game da yadda yaduwar rigakafi ta kasance a cikin lokaci.
Yawan yawan yawan jama'a tun lokacin da aka fitar da kararraki a shekarar 1980 ya ci gaba da girma, abin da ya sa ya kasance da wuya a hango yadda zazzafar cutar zazzabin cutar za ta yada a zamanin yau. Mafi kyawun bayanai, wanda aka tattara a shekarun 1960 zuwa 1970, ya dogara ne akan yawan mutanen da aka riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an riga an rigakafi da kwayar cutar kuma ba su da alamun maganin matsalolin kamar HIV a yawancin jama'a.
> Sources:
> Milton, D. (2012). Mene ne ainihin yanayin yanayin watsa labaran? Abubuwan da ke faruwa ga biodefense. Fassara A cikin Cellular And Infection Microbiology , 2 . Doi: 10.3389 / fcimb.2012.00150
> Thèves, C., Biagini, P., & Crubézy, E. (2014). A sake ganowa na ƙananan mango. Clinical Microbiology And Infection , 20 (3), 210-218. Doi: 10.1111 / 1469-0691.12536
> McCollum, A., Li, Y., Wilkins, K., Karem, K., Davidson, W., & Paddock, C. et al. (2014). Poxvirus Ta hanyar amfani da Sa hannu a Tarihin Tarihi. Magunguna masu cututtuka , 20 (2), 177-184. Doi: 10.3201 / eid2002.131098
> Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Tayarani-Najaran, N., Sahebkar, A., & Emami, S. (2016). Sabon Alkawari game da Alurar rigakafi. Journal of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies , 9 (6), 287-289. Doi: 10.1016 / j.jams.2016.09.003
> Cann, J., Jahrling, P., Hensley, L., & Wahl-Jensen, V. (2013). Kwararren Magana na Ƙananan Mutum da Mutuwa a Man da Macaques. Littafin Labaran Harkokin Dabaru , 148 (1), 6-21. Doi: 10.1016 / j.jcpa.2012.06.007