Menene Tsarin Ciwon Ƙwayar Ciwon Magunguna
"Matakan" ciwon daji na ciwon sankara yana nufin yadda aka ci gaba ko yada cikin jiki.
Ma'aikata biyu sun bayyana matakan ciwon ciwon sankara. Aikin "TNM" shine mafi yawan amfani, amma wasu likitoci suna amfani da tsarin Bayett. Dukansu suna da cikakken bayani.
Mene ne Ma'anar TNM Ta Ma'anar?
Shirin TNM don kwatanta ciwon kwari ta hanyar amfani da haruffa "T," "N," da "M" don nuna "Tumor," "Nodes," da "Metastasis."
Wadannan su ne raguwa daidai da abin da kowane nau'i a cikin wannan tsarin yana nufin.
Tumakin Farko (T)
- TX: Tashin ci gaba shine ba za'a iya tantance shi ba.
- T0: Babu wata shaida na ƙwayar firamare.
- T1: Ba za a iya gano ƙwayar ta hanyar jarraba ko tare da yin amfani da hotunan (kamar duban dan tayi ko MRI scan ) ba, amma an gano shi ne a lokacin wani biopsy ko tiyata .
--T1a: An samu ciwon daji a cikin 5% ko ƙasa da nama da aka dauka.
--T1b: An samu ciwon daji a fiye da kashi 5 cikin dari na nama da aka dauka.
--T1c: Ciwon daji ne ta samo ciwon ƙwayar cuta bayan wani matakin PSA mai girma.
- T2: An gano ƙwayar kawai a cikin prostate kanta.
--T2a: An sami ciwon daji a cikin 50% ko ƙasa da lobe daya.
--T2b: An gano ciwon daji a fiye da 50% na lobe daya.
--T2c: Ana samun ciwon ciki a cikin lobes.
- T3: Turar ta taso ta hanyar murfin da ke kewaye da prostate.
--T3a: Ciwon sukari ya wuce ta cikin kwayar ta ba tare da kawo cikas ba .
--T3b: Ciwon daji ya mamaye vesicles.
T4: Ciwon daji ya mamaye tsarin ko kyallen takarda a kusa da prostate banda gabobi masu rarrafe. Wadannan sun hada da wuyansa a cikin wuyansa, da ɗayan ɗayan, da kuma bango pelvic tare da sauran sassan.
Nodes (N)
- NX: Ba a yi nazarin lymph nodes ko ba za'a iya tantance su ba.
- N0: Nodes ba sa nuna shaidar ciwon daji.
- N1: Nodes sun nuna shaidar ciwon daji.
Metastasis (M)
- MX: Ba'a iya yin la'akari da kasancewar metastases ba.
- M0: Babu wata shaida na matakan da suka wuce.
- M1: Akwai alamun matakan nisa.
- --M1a: An samu ciwon daji a cikin ƙananan lymph nesa daga prostate.
- --M1b: An gano ciwon daji a cikin kashi.
- --M1c: An samu ciwon daji a wani sashi na jiki.
Mene ne Ma'anar Bayaniyar Jama'arka?
Ka'idar Jewett tana amfani da haruffa A ta hanyar D don nuna alamun kungiyoyi na farko. A shi ne mafi ƙanƙantawa kuma D shine mafi matukar ci gaba. A cikin kowace ƙungiya ta farko, akwai ƙarin fasalin matakai.
Wadannan su ne raguwa daidai da abin da kowane nau'i a cikin wannan tsarin yana nufin.
Sashe A
A Stage A, ba'a iya gano ƙwayar farko ta jarrabawa kuma an samo shi ne kawai yayin da ake aiki.
Sashi na B
A Stage B, za a iya samun ciwon ta hanyar jarrabawa (ko dai ta jarrabawa ta jiki ko ta gwajin PSA ) amma ana samuwa a cikin prostate kanta.
Mataki na C
A Stage C, ana ci gaba da ciwon ciwon daji a yankin da ke kewaye da prostate amma ya yada ta cikin murfin da ke rufe da prostate kuma yana iya shiga cikin jikin jini.
Sashi D
A Stage D, ciwon daji ya ƙaddara ko yadawa sosai daga prostate .
- --Substage A1: Ciwon daji yana da kyau-bambanta (ma'anar cewa kwayoyin cutar kanjamau suna da mahimmanci a bayyanuwa a ƙarƙashin microscope) kuma kawai a cikin wani ɓangare na prostate.
- --Substage A2: Ciwon daji yana da ƙananan hali ko rashin bambanci (ma'anar cewa kwayoyin cututtuka suna ganin abu mai banƙyama a bayyanuwa a ƙarƙashin microscope) kuma an samo shi a cikin wuri fiye da ɗaya a cikin prostate.
- --Substage B0: Kwararren likita ba za a iya kwantar da shi ba, amma ana samunsa saboda matakin PSA mai girma.
- --Substage B1: Ba a samu guda ɗaya ko tsalle ba a cikin lobe na prostate.
- --Substage B2: An samu fiye da ɗaya yanki na ciwon daji a cikin wata lobe ko duka lobes na prostate.
- --Substage C1: Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa cikin murfin da ke dauke da prostate.
- - Csubstage C2: Ciwon daji ya yada ta cikin murfin da ke dauke da prostate kuma ya fara sutura da isar da fitsari daga magungunan mafitsara ko ureters (ƙananan tubes dake ɗauke da fitsari daga kodan ga mafitsara).
- --Substage D0: Ana samun ciwon daji ne kawai a cikin prostate ta hanyar jarrabawa da kuma gwaje-gwajen hotunan (irin su duban dan tayi ko MRI), amma jarrabawar jini yana ci gaba da nuna matakan wasu enzymes wanda ke nufin ciwon daji ya yada.
- --Substage D1: Ciwon daji ya yadawa kawai zuwa cikin ƙananan lymph kusa da prostate.
- --Substage D2: Ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph, zuwa kasusuwa, ko kuma zuwa wasu gabobin.
- --Substage D3: Ciwon daji ya yada kamar yadda a cikin Dst D2, amma ciwon daji ya dawo bayan magani mai dacewa.
Source:
> Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N. Robbins Pathologic Basis na Cutar 7th Edition. 2004.