Yin amfani da nutrigenetics da nutrigenomics a cikin aikin
Muhimmancin abinci mai kyau don kiwon lafiya ya karu. Hippocrates yayi kira, " Bari abinci ya zama maganin ku kuma likitan ku zama abincinku ." Abin da likitocin farko suka sani akan matakin da ba a sani ba an yanzu ana nazari sosai, ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin kimiyya na fasaha da fasahar "omic". Ya bayyana cewa yana iya zama ba kawai game da cin abinci "mai kyau" ba, har ma game da cin abincin da ke "daidai" a gare ku .
Hanyoyin da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta suna da zafi a cikin kimiyya. Abinci na musamman shine ya samo asali ne a matsayin ka'idojin warkewa. Yawancin bincike da ƙaddamarwa na ainihi sun nuna yiwuwar wannan matsala, kuma marasa lafiya suna da sha'awar cinikayya.
Yaya ya kamata ya zama likitan asibiti ya amsa wa waɗannan sababbin hanyoyin a lafiyar ku? Kuma menene wasu daga cikin abubuwan da za ku so a yi la'akari da lokacin da kuke magana da marasa lafiya game da abincin da aka dace?
Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken bayani game da kwayoyin halitta da kuma bincika wasu sababbin binciken kimiyya a fagen tare da manufar taimaka maka a yayin da kake nazarin muhimmancin abubuwan gina jiki.
Nutrigenomics-A Cutting-Edge Kimiyya
Mun san abinci mai gina jiki, kwayoyin gutturo, da cututtuka na hanzari da kuma ilimin lissafi suna wakiltar al'umma mai rikitarwa wanda ke da tasiri sosai ga lafiyar mutum. Abin da muke ci ba kawai yana shafar lafiyarmu ba tare da ƙazantar da mu, amma yana taimakawa ga abun da ke ciki na kwayar microbiota da nunawa.
Nutrigenomics shine kimiyyar matasa - an yi amfani da wannan kalma a shekara ta 2001-wanda ke damuwa da hulɗar tsakanin abincin da muke ciki da kuma jikinmu. Yanzu yana yiwuwa a bincika mahadi na halitta a hanyoyi daban-daban na al'ada dangane da kwayar mutum. Nutrigenomics alama a matsawa daga epidemiology zuwa kwayoyin halitta da kuma genetics.
Musamman, yana duban tsarin gyaran kwayoyin cutar da aka lalacewa ta hanyar abinci mai gina jiki. A sakamakon haka, yana nufin haɓaka da kuma sabunta jiyya da suka kasance, kuma har yanzu suna, an yi nufi ne ga yawan jama'a.
Akwai tambayoyin da basu amsa ba a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Duk da haka, maganin ƙwaƙwalwa mai gina jiki-abin mamaki zai iya kawo mu kusa da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki wanda za a iya amfani dasu tare da hanyoyin da za a bi don magance cututtuka da kuma yanayin rashin lafiya. An gano amfani da kwayoyin gina jiki a wani mataki don magance cututtuka da bangaren abinci, irin su cututtukan cututtuka na huhu (IBD), ciwon sukari, kiba, da kuma ciwon daji. Ta hanyar la'akari da dabi'un mutum (yadda ya kamata da kuma shekarun da suka dace), za mu iya inganta tasirin abin da ke ci gaba da gina jiki.
Ilimi game da amfanin wasu kayan abinci ba shi da sababbin. Domin dubban shekaru, maganin gargajiya na amfani da tsire-tsire iri iri da mahallin halitta wanda ke da damar yin aiki a matsayin masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta. Alal misali, maganin anti-cancerogenic na phytochemicals, wanda aka samo a wasu kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, yanzu an gane su a kimiyya. Masu bincike suna bayyana hanyoyin su na aiki - misali, sakamakon antioxidant.
Binciken farko a ilimin ilimin ilmin halitta ya nuna cewa, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman maganin rigakafi, al'amuran halitta zasu iya rage yawan abin da ya faru da radiotherapy ko chemotherapy. Hakazalika, Gurasar Rum na Rum tana karɓar goyon bayan kimiyya mai yawa a matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi da cututtuka na zuciya saboda cututtuka masu kariya.
Yin amfani da wasu abubuwan gina jiki a farfado da lafiya shine, sabili da haka, zama aikin da aka tabbatar da shaidar. Ana ƙarfafa marasa lafiya da yawa don taimaka wa masu wadataccen abinci a cikin abincin da ake amfani da su na shuka saboda yana ganin wadannan abubuwan gina jiki zasu iya magance kwayoyin da ke taimakawa wajen ci gaba da cutar ciwon daji da kuma kawar da su.
Nutrigenomics yanzu ke ci gaba da mataki, haɗuwa da shawarwari na abinci masu mahimmanci tare da jinsin mutum.
Nutrigenomics yana da wasu kamance da pharmacogenomics. Bambanci, duk da haka, shi ne cewa wannan na amfani da sunadarai na roba don haifar da canje-canje na halittar yayin da nutrigenomics ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da muke ci. Binciken cikakken bayani game da batun da aka buga a wannan Yuli a cikin Seminars a Cutar Cancer Biology ya bayyana cewa, nan da nan, kwayoyin gina jiki za su iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa sababbin kwayoyi bisa ga abubuwa na halitta. Sabili da haka, yiwuwar wannan horo yana iya fadada bayan shawarwari mai cin abinci da kuma cin abinci mai kyau. Wani labari mai yiwuwa zai iya haɗawa da kayan abinci wanda aka samo shi tare da takarda mai-D-3 wanda ke samar da kwayoyi masu cizon kwari da kuma gina jiki wanda mai haƙuri zai dauki kowace kofi tare da kofi.
Nutrigenetics vs. Nutrigenomics
Bambanci tsakanin nutrigenetics da nutrigenomics ne sau da yawa blurred. Yael Joffe da Christine Houghton, mambobi ne na Manuka Science da ke koyar da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin gina jiki ga masu kwararru na kiwon lafiya, sun lura cewa za'a iya bambanta kalmomin biyu ta hanyar kallon ayyukan da aka yi.
A cikin nutrigenetics, kwayoyin suna aiki akan abubuwa masu muhalli (misali enzymes). Ya bambanta, a cikin nutrigenomics, yanayin yana haifar da bayyanar nunawa. A takaice dai, ainihin sha'awar nutrigenomics shine rinjayar biomolecules a kan bayyanar nunawa. Wadannan kwayoyin halittu zasu iya juya jigon sama ko ƙasa, kunna ko dakatar da ita, wanda aka kwatanta shi a yayin canzawa akan jigilar akan ko kashe.
Lokacin da yake magana akan duka biyu, kwayoyin gina jiki da kuma nutrigenomics, Joffe da Houghton sun bayar da shawarar yin amfani da kalmar maganin kwayoyin halitta. Kwayoyin abinci mai gina jiki ya wuce bayanan gwajin kwayoyin kai tsaye, kamar DNAfit da 23andm, kuma ya ƙunshi ilimin kimiyyar gina jiki wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar lafiyar da kuma faruwar cutar a wani mutum.
Abinda ake tsammani, nutrigenetics da nutrigenomics hade zasu iya taimaka maka a matsayin mai aiki don inganta ayyukan magancewa ga magunguna. Duk da haka, wannan bazai zama hanya mai sauƙi ba, kuma tabbas za ku iya la'akari da wasu iyakoki da jayayya na filin.
Sharuɗɗa da Jakada na Amfani da Nutrigenomics a cikin Ayyukanka
Kodayake masana da yawa sunyi imani da maganin nutrigenomics, ba a yadu cikin aikin duk da haka. Ana buƙatar ƙarin tabbacin hujja game da batun kafin a iya aiwatar da ita a cikin aikin asibiti. Bincike yana gudana; Duk da haka, yana nuna cewa a halin yanzu, abubuwan da ba a sani ba sun fi sani.
A wasu lokuta an yi jita-jita cewa wannan fasaha na kiwon lafiya zai iya sake saki ba tare da wata hujja ba don tallafa wa wasu ƙididdiga da kamfanonin da ke gabatar da gwajin kwayoyin halitta suka yi.
Christiana Pavlidis, wani mai cin abinci a Jami'ar Patras a Girka, ya yi jayayya cewa a halin yanzu, kimanin 38 kwayoyin da aka saba gwada su a gwaje-gwaje na gwajin nutrigenomics ba su nuna wata kungiya ce da ta shafi cututtukan abinci ba. Pavlidis ya yarda cewa yana da mahimmanci ci gaba da bincike game da tasiri na gina jiki akan layi da furotin. Duk da haka, ta kuma yi gargadi kan yin takaddama. Pavlidis ya nuna cewa kafin sabon gwaje-gwaje ya kasance ga jama'a, dole ne a yi cikakken nazari da kuma kira na shaida.
Misali na kiwon lafiya wanda yake nufin hana cututtuka bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin mutum yana da amfani mai yawa. Ana damu da rigakafi da cutar amma ba alamar bayyanar cututtuka ba. Wasu manyan masana sunyi la'akari da abincin jiki mai mahimmanci don zama "mai tsarki" na magani na gaba. Yana da mahimmanci, duk da haka, don ci gaba da sababbin bincike a fagen.
Bincike, alal misali, yana nuna cewa mutane suna haɓaka kayan hawan omega-3 dabam dabam dangane da jinsin su, ma'ana wasu mutane bazai amfana daga ɗaukar su ba. Wani nazarin Kanada wanda Melanié Plourde ya yi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Aging a Sherbrooke ya nuna cewa masu dauke da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta Alzheimer (E4) sun kasance mafi mahimmanci ga raunin omega-3 kuma zai iya buƙatar ƙarin kariyar sauri.
Sabbin binciken da ake bukata ya kamata a hada su a cikin gwaje-gwajen nutrigenomics na kasuwanci da kuma sanar da shawara mai gina jiki ga marasa lafiya. A matsayin likita na kiwon lafiya, za a iya buƙatar ku zama mai tsaron ƙofa wanda yayi nazari akan ingancin sababbin gwaje-gwaje da kuma daidaita na'urorin fasahar "fasaha" masu fasaha game da hujjojin kiwon lafiya.
Yadda za a kusanci marasa lafiya game da Nutrigenomics
Nazarin ya nuna cewa yawan marasa lafiya suna neman gwaji da shawarwari na nutrigenomic. Tattaunawa game da nutrigenomics tsakanin ku da marasa lafiya za su iya zama mafi mahimmanci a nan gaba.
Kamfanonin yanar gizon yanar gizo suna samar da bayanan kwayoyin samuwa ga marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, masu amfani sukan rasa horarwa don fassara fassarar gwajin su daidai. Sabili da haka, masu aiki da sanin ilimin gina jiki zai zama mai matukar muhimmanci.
Alal misali, jarrabawar gina jiki ta hanyar kai tsaye ga magunguna zai iya nuna cewa mai haƙuri ba ya samar da enzyme wanda yake nuna lactose. Wannan ba ya nufin, duk da haka, cewa lallai sun kasance dole ne kwayoyin lactose wadanda ba su da hanzari kamar yadda kwayoyin su na iya zama har yanzu suna iya yin madara mai madara. Idan zaka iya fassara fassarar kwayoyin gwajin nutrigenomics zuwa rayuwa ta ainihi "abincin abinci", wannan zai iya karawa ga tasiri mai tasiri irin wannan gwaji yana ba wa marasa lafiya.
Samun ƙarin ilimin a wannan yanki yana iya taimakawa a cikin aikinka. Kwararren digiri na digiri na biyu a cikin kwayoyin gina jiki don masu kula da lafiyar jiki sun riga sun samuwa; Alal misali, kamfanin Manuka Science ya bayar da shi.
Matsayinka a matsayin likitanci zai iya ƙaddamar da shawara ga marasa lafiya game da rashin daidaito na gwaje-gwajen nutrigenomics. An riga an rubuta shi cewa jarrabawar DNA a gida yana fama da rashin kuskure. Alal misali, an bambanta bambance-bambance tsakanin kamfanoni. Wadannan sukar sunyi amfani da kwayoyin gina jiki da kuma gwajin nutrigenomics.
Majiyoyinku suna bukatar su sani cewa wasu samfurori da aka samo a cikin samfurori zasu iya samar da su tare da tsinkaya. Jagora daga masu sana'a, musamman a lokacin da ake magance yanayin haɗari, sabili da haka yana da muhimmanci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ba a bayyana ba tukuna ga masana kimiyya na yadda za su motsa marasa lafiya da kyau don haɗawa da sababbin kayan da aka tsara don bukatunsu. Bisa ga bincike na baya-bayan nan, gwaje-gwaje sau ɗaya baya samar da isasshen isasshen.
Abincin da aka yi amfani da shi yana da iyakancewa, wasu masana masana'antu sun lura cewa idan ana biyan abincin da aka hana don tsawon lokaci, zasu iya haifar da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar, wanda aka danganta da sakamakon rashin lafiya. Wani bincike akan marasa lafiyar Turai tare da ƙwayar cutar inflammatory Ciwo ya nuna cewa kwayar cutar ta da kashi 25 cikin 100 na kwayoyin halitta da aka kwatanta da mutanen lafiya. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙananan nau'in guttura ba ya da kyau don lafiyar jiki. Sabanin haka, mai amfani da kwayar microbiota (wanda ke tallafawa cin abinci mai mahimmanci) an danganta shi da lafiyar lafiya.
A matsayinka na kwararren likita, kana buƙatar ka iya ba da wannan bayani ga marasa lafiya kafin su yi wani yanke shawara mai kyau game da sabon abincin su-musamman idan aka karfafa su ta hanyar sakamakon gwajin nutrigenomics a gida wanda ba shi da tsauraran kimiyya.
> Sources:
> Braicu C, Mehterov N, Berindan-Neagoe I, et al. Review: Nutrigenomics a ciwon daji: Revisiting sakamakon na halitta mahadi. Taro a Ciwon Kwayoyin Cutar Cancer . 2017
> Joffe Y, Houghton C. Wani littafi mai tsarki game da Kwayoyin Nutrigenetics da Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Weight Weight. Rahoton Harkokin Halitta Aiki na Yanzu . 2016; 18 (7): 1-6
> Tsuntsaye T, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Tunanin: Masu ɗaukan hoto na apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 madaidaici sun fi sauki ga rashin cin abinci a cikin omega-3 acid mai yawa da kuma karfin zuciya. BBA - Halittun kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta . 2017; 1862 (Sashe na A): 1068-1078
> Pavlidis C, Patrinos G, Katsila T. Nutrigenomics: Tattaunawa. Aiwatar & Translational Genomics . 2015; 4: 50-53.
> Saukko P, Reed M, Britten N, Hogarth S. Tattauna iyaka tsakanin maganin da al'adun mabukaci: Lissafin yanar gizo na gwajin nutrigenetic. Kimiyyar Lafiya da Magunguna . 2010; 70: 744-753
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