Mutuwar Mercury wanda ke fama da rashin lafiya a duk ƙasar Japan
Ya fara tare da garuruwan gari. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, mutanen Minamata, Japan sun fara lura da cewa 'yan garuruwansu suna da hauka kuma suna fada cikin teku. Wasu mutane sun yi zaton cats suna kashe kansu.
Ba da da ewa ba, wata rashin lafiya ta tashi da ke faruwa a garin. Mutanen Minata sun ba da rahoto a cikin bangarorinsu da lebe. Wasu suna da wahalar jin ko gani.
Sauran sun fara girgiza ( gagarumar ) a hannunsu da ƙafafunsu, wahalar tafiya, har ma da lalacewar kwakwalwa. Kuma, kamar garuruwa, wasu mutane sun yi kama da mahaukaci, suna ihu ba tare da fahimta ba. Wani abu yana shafar tsarin su .
A ƙarshe, a watan Yuli 1959, masu bincike daga jami'ar Kumamoto sun gano magungunan rashin lafiya - matsananciyar guba na mercury - wanda ake kira Minamata. Amma ta yaya dukkanin wadannan mutane (da garuruwa) suke guba?
Yanayin Minamata
Minata ita ce karamin kifi a bakin tekun Shiranui. Saboda wurinsa, 'yan birni suna cin kifi mai yawa. Abincin kifi na mutane da ƙuruwan Minamata sun zama mawuyacin hali tsakanin wadanda ke nuna alamar cututtuka, masu jagorancin masana kimiyya suyi zaton cewa kifi a Minamata Bay suna shan guba.
Wani babban man fetur na Petrochemical a Minamata, wanda kamfanin Chisso Corporation yake gudanarwa, ana zargin shi nan da nan.
Chisso ya musanta zargin kuma ya ci gaba da masana'antu ba tare da canza hanyar hanyar samarwa ba. Chisso ya ci gaba da ƙaryatãwa game da aikinsa ko kuma cewa asarar mercury tana haifar da rashin lafiya. (Daga bisani aka gano cewa Chisso Corporation ya kaddamar da kimanin ton 27 na magungunan mercury a Minamata Bay.)
Yayin da ake ci gaba da shan kashi a mercury, mata masu guba sun haifi jariran miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wadannan yara sun haifa da mummunar lalacewa ciki har da sassan gnarled, damuwa da tunanin mutum, kurari, da makanta.
Masu masunta na Minamata sun fara zanga zangar Chisso Corporation a shekara ta 1959. Sun bukaci Chisso ya dakatar da yaduwar guba mai guba kuma ya rama su saboda rashin lafiya. Chisso ya yi ƙoƙarin yin hulɗa da mutanen da ke shan gubar dallar ta hanyar amfani da takardun shari'ar da suka bayyana cewa zai biya wa mutane lahani don rashin lafiya amma ba za su yarda da abin da ke faruwa ba ko abin da zai faru a nan gaba. Mutane da yawa sun ji cewa wannan ita ce damar da suka samu kawai a karɓar kowane fansa, kuma sun sanya takardu.
Ana dawowa daga raunin matashin
Chisso ya dakatar da ruwan shan ruwan na Minimata a shekarar 1968. A cewar gwamnatin Japan, mutane 2,955 sun kamu da cutar Minamata kuma mutane 1,784 sun mutu. Masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa, ka'idodin da gwamnati ke amfani dashi don gano asibiti rashin lafiyar Minamata yana da tsananin ƙarfi, kuma duk wanda ya nuna nau'i na rashin lafiyar jiki ya kamata a dauki wanda aka azabtar. A kwanan nan, Chisso ya biya kuɗin fiye da mutane 10,000 kuma ya ci gaba da shiga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi batun.
A cikin watan Oktoban 1982, masu tuhuma 40 sun yi jituwa da gwamnatin Jafananci, suna cewa ya kasa dakatar da Chisso daga gurbata yanayi kuma ya kalli wata hanya yayin da Chisso ya keta dokokin gurbatacciyar.
A cikin watan Afrilu 2001, Kotun Koli ta Osaka ta yanke shawarar cewa ma'aikatar kiwon lafiyar gwamnati da ma'aikata ta kamata ta fara aiwatar da doka don dakatar da guba a ƙarshen 1959 bayan masu binciken sun kammala cewa cutar ta Minamata ta haifar da guba. Kotun ta kuma umurci Chisso ta biya dala miliyan 2.18 a cikin lalata ga masu sauraron.
Ranar 16 ga watan Oktobar 2004, Kotun Koli ta Japan ta umarci gwamnati ta biya yen miliyan 71.5 ($ 703,000) a cikin lalacewa ga wadanda aka cutar da Minamata. Ministan Harkokin Wajen ya ba da izini ga masu tuhuma. Bayan shekaru 22, masu zanga-zanga sun cimma burinsu na sa wadanda ke da alhakin mummunar matsalar rashin lafiya a kasar Japan saboda rashin kulawarsu.
A shekara ta 2010, an umarce Chisso ya biya yen yu 2.1 da kuma wajan kudi na likita zuwa ga wadanda ba gwamnati ta amince da su ba. Fiye da mutane 50,000 ne suka nemi wannan fansa, suna nuna yadda, fiye da shekaru biyar da suka wuce, sakamakon wannan bala'i ya ji.
> Sources:
Jami'ar Amirka, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Duniya. Taswirar Minata.
Kyodo News. Masanan marasa lafiya na marasa lafiya marasa lafiya sun gane ba su da izinin neman gwamnati. Japan A yau, Oktoba 17, 2004.
Mizoguchi, K. Kotu ta yanke hukuncin kisa da aka biya wa mutanen da aka kashe. The Boston Globe, Oktoba 16, 2004.
Olson, DA (2002). Mercury. eMedicine.
Tanaka, F. Negligence bayyana a cikin Minamata case. Daily Yomiuri.
Japan Times. Yarjejeniyar Mercury ta taka rawar gani a Minamata (2012)