Za a iya yin maganin kutsawa a cikin jinsin jikin mutum?
A shekarar 1997, likitan zuciya na Indiya ya sami kwarewa bayan da ya dasa zuciyar alade a cikin mutum. Mai haƙuri ya mutu a mako guda saboda matsalolin da ke fama da cutar. Duk da haka, abin da ya faru ya mayar da hankali a kan wani karamin sanannun suturar jiki , a wannan yanayin daga dabbobi zuwa ga mutane. A cikin maganin likita, an kira wannan xenotransplantation.
Kamar yadda tsarin kula da Lafiya ta Duniya ya bayyana, xenotransplantation yana nufin:
- Canji na kwayoyin rai, kyallen takalma, ko gabobin dabba cikin asalin mutane.
- Canji na jikin jiki ko kwayoyin halitta da suka hadu da rayayyun kwayoyin rayuka ko kyallen takarda.
Ka yi la'akari da yiwuwar: wani makomar da aka samu gaɓoɓin halittar mutum bai zama matsala mai ban tsoro ba. A ina da shirye, samar da kayan da aka samu daga dabbobi yana samuwa don a canza su cikin mutane tare da gazawar koda , ciwo na zuciya, rashin hanta hanta da sauransu. Abubuwan da zasu iya zama marar iyaka. Amma muna nan a can? Ko ma zai yiwu? Kuma yaya game da matsalolin da'a?
Xenotransplantation a Tarihi
Ƙarfafa nauyin mutum da aiki ya kasance abin razana da mutane suka kulla tun lokacin da suka wuce. Labarin masani na Icarus da Daedalus suna tara fuka-fayen tsuntsaye a kokarin da suke yi na gudu a fadin teku daga Crete zuwa Girka ne sananne.
Shahararren Hindu Allah, Ganesha yana da kawun giwa wanda aka dasa a jikin mutum. Wasu daga cikin wadannan alamomi suna da shekaru fiye da 2000 kafin Kristi. Sabili da haka, yana iya zama lafiya a faɗi cewa mutane suna yin jituwa tare da ra'ayin xenotransplantation fiye da shekaru arba'in.
Kafin misalan da likitan likitancin Indiya da aka ambata a sama, akwai rahotanni game da kwaskwarima na zuciya da dan Adam, wanda aka gudanar a shekarar 1964 (lafiyar mutumin ya sake takaitaccen gajeren lokaci).
Me ya sa za mu bukaci dabbobi don Organ Transplants a Duk?
Amsar takaice da rashin tausayi shine cewa xenotransplantation zai iya zama amsar gazawar da ake ciki a tsakanin bukatar da kuma samar da shi . Kamar dai yadda FDA ke yi, mutum goma ne ke mutuwa a kowace rana a Amurka kawai jiran rayayyun kwayoyin rayuwa.
Rahotanni na USRDS cewa jerin marasa lafiya suna jiran sautin kaya a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 2013 yana da 'yan takara 86,000. Wannan ya fi sau hudu yawan adadin koda da aka yi a Amurka a wannan shekara (kimanin 17,600), wani tuni mai ban mamaki game da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin adadin masu bayar da kyauta da kuma mutanen da ke jira a jerin jerin tarwatse na sutura .
Baya ga abubuwan da suka faru na rayuwa, maganin cututtuka na yau da kullum kamar ciwon sukari yana da yiwuwar canzawa saboda dashi daga kwayoyin halitta da kuma kyallen takalma daga asalin mutane (tunani na dasawa a cikin wani ciwon sukari mai ciwon insulin).
Wace Dabbobi Za a Yi Amfani da Abincin Dan Adam ba tare da Tsara ba?
Da gaske, yana iya zama kamar 'yan uwanmu mafi kusa a kan sassan masana juyin halitta-' '' yan Adam ba '' '' kamar '' '' '' '' '' '-zai zama mafi kyaun tushen irin wadannan kwayoyin. Duk da haka, waɗannan nau'o'in sunadaran suna da mahimmanci kuma ba a "girbe su" ba a babban sikelin.
Don haka, ba a da fifiko ba kamar aladu, domin samun sauƙi a yawancin lambobi ya sa su zama tushen asusu. Musamman, har zuwa kodan suna da damuwa, kodan da aka samu daga aladu suna kusa da girman zuwa koda koda.
Shirye-shiryen da Risks
Xenotransplantation bai rigaya an kashe a babban sikelin ba saboda wasu shinge. Ga wasu batutuwa da muke fuskanta idan yazo ga sassan jiki na canzawa daga dabbobi zuwa cikin mutane:
- Rashin ƙwayar tsarinmu na rigakafin ƙin yarda da kwayar da aka dasa ta daga dabba.
- Rashin haddasa cututtuka (sanannu da ba a sani ba) daga dabbobi zuwa cikin mutum: Da farko kallo, wannan alama kamar babban haɗari. A aikace, gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan hanyoyin da za a iya samar da kwayoyin halitta zai zama dabbobi da aka tashe su a cikin yanayi mai kulawa da kuma warewa don haifar da raguwa ƙwarai a cikin wannan hadari.
- Tsarin jiki na gazawar dashi: A cikin tsinkayen zuciya na mutum wanda aka ambata a sama, alal misali, ƙananan ƙwayar dabbar da ba ta da ikon kulawa da aikin jin jiki na jikin mutum an kawo shi a matsayin dalilin da ya sa ya mutu .
- Tambayoyi masu tasowa: Ya kamata mu dauki rayuwar dabba don ceton mu? Halin lafiyar jama'a na xenotransplantation shi ne batun da ya dace. Ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da ake fuskanta game da likitoci na dindindin a yau shine game da abin da zai faru idan an shigar da kwayar cutar ta jiki cikin jiki saboda xenotransplantation. Wannan zai kasance wani abu da ya dace da ra'ayin da ya shafi cutar ta AIDS da kuma "tsalle" a cikin mutane.
Xenotransplantation da Gaskiya
Yanzu an yarda da cewa kwaskwarima ga kwayoyin halitta ba a cikin mutane shine batun lokacin da, maimakon idan. Tambayoyi game da kin amincewa da irin wadannan kwayoyin za a iya magance su ta hanyar yiwuwar samun dabbobi masu bada gudummawa don suyi amfani da kwayoyin halitta don bayyana jikinsu. Idan wannan ya ci nasara, tsarin rigakafi na mutum zai iya ƙin karfin wannan dabba. Batutuwa game da kamuwa da cuta da kuma xa'a suna buƙatar karin bincike.
Matsayi na farko na "jaririn" zuwa xenotransplantation na iya kasancewa a cikin mummunar tasiri a cikin marasa lafiya tare da gazawar jiki, inda za a iya amfani dashi a matsayin gada ga farfadowa na ƙarshe. Wani labari mai kyau zai iya kasancewa mai haƙuri tare da ciwo mai hanta mai tsauri wanda ba shi da hanta na mutum don dasawa kuma zai mutu idan ya mutu. A wannan yanayin, mai hanta ba tare da hanta zai iya sayan wannan lokacin mai kyau har sai an sami hanta ɗan adam. Mun kira wannan "wani abu ya fi komai" labari!
> Sources
> Cooper D. A taƙaitaccen tarihin giciye-nau'in kwayoyin sashi. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2012 Janairu; 25 (1): 49-57. PMCID: PMC3246856
> Tsarin Dan Adam da Tsarin Halitta. Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya International Xenotransplantation Information. http://www.who.int/transplantation/xeno/en/
> Cibiyar Abincin Abincin Amurka da Drug. Xenotransplantation. https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Xenotransplantation/