Fahimtar Tsarin da Ayyukan Babban Ciki
Maganin, wanda shine wani suna don babban hanji, yana da muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin narkewa. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin babban hanji kamar kawai gabar kayan ajiya, hanyar motsawa don ɗaukar kayan abinci mai ƙyama daga ƙananan hanji zuwa anus da za a cire, duk da haka wannan kwayar yana da abubuwa masu muhimmin aiki a cikin sashin gastrointestinal (GI) , ciki har da:
- Ruwa da ruwa da kuma rike jikin mutum na ma'aunin ruwa
- Samun wasu bitamin
- Tsarin kayan abinci wanda ba a tsayar da shi ba kamar fiber
- Ajiye sharar gida kafin kawar (canza kayan abinci zuwa feces)
Girma da Length
An kira wannan sashin babban hanji saboda diamita (nisa) na hanji; yana da yawa fiye da ƙananan hanji , amma har ya fi guntu. Babban hanji yana da kimanin ƙafa shida, yayin da ƙananan ƙwayar ya fi tsayi, kusan kimanin ƙafa 21. Aikin inganci shida na ƙarshe ko kuma daga cikin hanji mai girma ana kiran su da dubun dubun maɗaura.
Anatomy
Maganin ya karu daga cecum (inda ƙananan hanji ya hadu da hanji mai girma) zuwa anus (inda sharar gida ya fita jiki), kuma ya ƙunshi yankuna hudu da aka lakafta a cikin hoton da ke sama:
- Asalin hawan: Matsayin mai hawa shine kashi na farko na babban hanji. Zai fara ne bayan bayanan cecum (jaka kamar tsari a ƙarshen ginin-ɓangare na ƙananan hanji mai ciki daga ciki) a gefen dama na ciki kuma ya hau (zuwa sama) zuwa yanki na ciki a kasa diaphragm.
- Hanyar mai fita: Gangaren hagu yana gudana a fadin ƙananan ciki daga dama zuwa hagu.
- Riga mai saukowa: Malin saukowa yana sauka (zuwa ƙasa) tare da gefen hagu na ciki daga ƙasa ƙarƙashin diaphragm a saman ciki zuwa gefen hagu na pelvic.
- Ƙungiyar Sigmoid: Haɗin S-a tsakanin sashi na karshe na mazaunin da ɗayan, wanda yake a gefen hagu na ƙananan ciki shine ake kira sigmoid colon.
Layer jiki na Babban Intirine
Gidan yana kunshe da nau'i hudu na nama, kama da sauran yankuna na yankin na narkewa. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Mucosa: Wannan shi ne bakin ciki na ciki kuma an sanya shi daga cikin kayan aiki mai sauki, wanda yake sanya shi mai sassauci (idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan hanji, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i, ƙananan ƙwayoyin yatsa). Yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwa a cikin ciki na ciki, wanda ya sa fuskarsa ta kare kuma ya kare shi daga matakan abinci mai abrasive.
- Submucosa: Mucosa yana kewaye da submucosa, wanda shine wani nau'i na jini, jijiyoyi da kuma haɗin haɗi wanda ke tallafawa sauran launi na babban hanji.
- Muscularis: Muscularis ne ke kewaye da submucosa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i na tsoka da tsofaffin ƙwayoyin visceral waɗanda ke yin kwangila da kuma motsa kayan sharar ta hanyar babban hanji a cikin wani tsari da ake kira peristalsis .
- Serosa: Layer mafi matsayi, wanda aka sani da serosa, wani launi ne mai sauƙi na kayan jikin mutum wanda yake da sauki. Hakan yana ɓoye ruwa mai ruwa wanda zai ba da lakaftawa don farfajiyar da ke kan iyaka wanda zai kare shi daga lalacewa saboda hulɗar da sauran gabobin ciki da kuma tsoka da ƙashi na ƙananan ƙananan da ke kewaye da shi.
Yanayi
Kamar yadda chyme, raguwa da abinci mai narkewa yana wucewa daga ƙananan hanji a cikin sashin ta hanyar zane-zane mai kwakwalwa da kuma cakon, inda ya hade tare da kwayoyin mai amfani daga mazaunin. Daga nan sai ya motsa cikin yankuna hudu na mazauna (haustra) a cikin sa'o'i da dama saboda sakamakon halayen. A wasu lokuta, wannan tsari zai iya zama yafi sauri ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa mai karfi wanda ke bin babban abinci.
Amfanin Vitamin
Kuna iya yin la'akari da bitamin a matsayin abincin da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙwayar narkewa, amma ciwon yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bitamin da ke damuwa da lafiya.
Wadannan bitamin suna samar da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a cikin mallaka ta hanyar fermentation kuma sun hada da:
- Vitamin K
- Biotin (bitamin B7)
Harkokin Kiwon lafiya da Kwanan
Akwai yanayi na likita wanda zai iya rinjayar mallaka. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
- Ciwon daji na ciwo - Cutar ciwon kankara zai iya rinjayar kowane ɓangare na mazaunin da aka tattauna a sama kuma ita ce babbar hanyar haifar da mutuwar maza da mata a Amurka.
- Ƙunƙashin ƙwayar cutar ciwon jini - Yanayin irin su ulcerative colitis na iya rinjayar ciwon, kuma ƙara haɗarin ciwon ciwon ciwon ciwon ciwon cigaba.
- Diverticulitis da diverticulitis - Kirayi mai ƙananan yara (juyawa) kira diverticula zasu iya ci gaba tare da sarkin. Lokacin da wadannan ya zama ƙananan rai zai iya haifar da yanayin rashin jin dadin da ake kira diverticulitis, wani lokaci ana kiransa "appendicitis hagu."
- Dehydration - Lokacin da mallaka ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata don maganin ruwa daga mallaka, rashin ruwa zai iya haifar.
- Tsarin baka - Wasu lokutan magoyacin ya zama abin kunya ko kuma a nannade shi cikin adhesions ko maganin wulakanci. Wannan zai iya haifar da wani abu mai tsauri ko kuma cikakke na karfin zuciya, kuma idan an bar shi ba tare da gurgunta ba, zai iya haifar da haɗuwa daga cikin jinji. Sakamakon da ya fi dacewa shi ne yanayin da zai haifar da ƙwayar jiki a cikin ciki, irin su ciwon ciki na ciki, cututtuka na ƙwayar cuta, da kuma cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Maganin bitamin - Lokacin da mallaka ba ya aiki yadda ya dace, bitamin K ba kamar yadda yake da kwayar halitta da kuma bitamin K ba, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka da suka shafi raguwa.
- Karuwa da zawo.
Gaba mai zurfi a kan babbar ƙwayar cuta
Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, kodayake mutane da yawa sunyi tunanin yadda haɗin ke kasancewa ɗakin ajiya, yana da ayyuka masu muhimmanci. Hakanan zai iya shafar yanayi irin su colitis da ciwon daji abin da ke da nisa ga kowa a Amurka.
Sources:
Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, da Stephen L .. Hauser. Ka'idodin magani na Harrison. New York: Ilimin Mc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Medicine ta Amurka. Cututtuka na Colonic. Updated 02/15/17. https://medlineplus.gov/colonicdiseases.html