Masihu , wanda aka fi sani da rubeola, an gano shi ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka , musamman zazzaɓi, spots a cikin bakinka, da rashawar kyanda, tare da gwaje-gwaje na jini don tabbatar da cewa kana da kyanda kuma ba daya daga cikin wasu yanayi wanda zai iya nuna wasu alamu da bayyanar cututtuka, irin su zafin zazzabi ko kuma guda ɗaya. Kusan mutane 246 a duniya, yawanci yara, mutu a kowace rana daga wannan cuta mai hana.
Rahotanni masu mutuwa sun fi sauƙi aukuwa a kasashe masu tasowa tare da tsarin kiwon lafiyar marasa lafiya, amma akwai ƙari da yawa na kyanda a Amurka da Turai saboda saukar da ƙwayar rigakafi .
Kasuwan kai
Idan kai ko yaro ya ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka na kyanda , musamman a zazzaɓi da rash da kyamara mai launin fata tare da cibiyoyin fararen baki a cikin bakinka (Koplik's spots), mai yiwuwa tabbas ya ce kana da kyanda. Idan kai ko yaronku ba su da komai kuma an bayyana su ga wani tare da kyanda ko tafiya a duniya, cutar ta fi dacewa.
Kodayake yawancin cututtuka na yara suna tare da raguwa, rash na kyanda yana da sauki a bambanta da sauran rashes. Kwana biyu zuwa hudu bayan sauran bayyanar cututtuka sun fara, rash farawa a hannunka da fuska, maimakon a jikin ka, kamar yadda yawancin cututtuka masu kamala. Yana yadawa ga sauran jikinka, hannuwanka, da ƙafafun kwanakin nan.
Wani bambanci shi ne cewa zafin ku yana ci gaba kuma yana iya zama mafi girma a ko'ina cikin raguwa, wanda yana da kwanaki biyar zuwa shida.
Idan kayi tunanin ku ko yaronku na da kyanda, kira likitanku nan da nan, amma kada ku bar gidanku sai dai idan likitanku ya umurce ku. Idan aka la'akari da cewa tara daga cikin mutane 10 da ba a bayyana ba ga wanda ke dauke da kyanda yana samun shi, za ka iya kawo karshen yawancin mutane da ke hadari.
Kwararka na iya yin shiri na musamman tare da kai don yin ganewar asali.
Labs da gwaje-gwaje
Kwararku zai nema alamun alamu da alamomin da kuka yi a lokacin kula da ku a lokacin da kuka yi la'akari da kyanda, da kuma tambaya game da alurar riga kafi da tarihin tafiya. Ko da idan an rigaka an rigakafin rigakafi, zai yiwu a samu kyanda, ko da yake ba maganin rigakafi, mumps, da kuma rubella (MMR) shine kashi 97 cikin dari. Ana buƙatar lokuta na cutar kyanda don a bayar da rahoto ga sassan kiwon lafiya na gida cikin sa'o'i 24.
Don tabbatar da yanayin cutar kyanda, likitanku zai iya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na jini kuma ya dauki bakin ciki da / ko hanci. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje sun gano magungunan immunoglobulin M (IgM) wanda ke da ƙwayar cuta, wanda ya saba da kwana uku bayan an yi gaggawa. Abun da ba zai iya nunawa ba kafin wannan lokacin, zai zama mafi girma a rana ta 14, kuma yawanci ya wuce kimanin kwanaki 30 bayan karon farko ya fara. Kuna iya samun samfurin samfurin samfurin tun lokacin da cutar kyanda ta iya kasancewa a wurin.
Ana iya aika samfurori zuwa sashen kiwon lafiya na jiharka ko Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) inda za a iya yin al'ada don sanin ƙwayar cutar. Genotyping zai iya taimakawa wajen gano ko yin amfani da cututtukan da ke tsakanin cutar kyanda da annobar cutar, da kuma gano ko ka riga ka kamu da cutar kyanda ko kana amsawa ga rigakafin cutar kyanda.
Bincike daban-daban
Kwararku na iya buƙatar yin sarauta daga wasu cututtuka kafin bincikar ku da kyanda. Wannan hakika gaskiya ne saboda cutar kyanda ta fi dacewa a Amurka kuma mafi yawan likitoci ba su taba ganin kowa ba. Wannan ya ce, cutar kyanda yana da sauƙin ganewa idan ka san abin da kake nema kuma gwajin jini zai iya tabbatar da shi. Sauran cututtukan likitanku na iya yin hukunci akan dogara ga tsawon lokacin da kuka nuna alamun cutar kyanda.
Kafin Rash ya bayyana
A cikin 'yan kwanaki kafin rash na kyanda ya bayyana, zai iya zama kamar kuna da cutar ta numfashi irin su mura, cutar sigina na jini (RSV), ko kuma rhinovirus, wanda shine yawan cutar da ke da alhakin sanyi.
Hatsun Koplik a cikin bakinku na iya kuskure ga spots na Fordyce, waxanda ake yalwata glanden mai.
Duk da haka, zazzafarka ya fi girma da kyanda fiye da sauran cututtukan cututtuka, wanda shine alamar cewa ba ku da kamuwa da cutar bidiyo. Ƙungiya na iya zama kuskuren cin hanci da ciwon dengue a gaban ko bayan bayyanar raguwa, amma wannan zai iya fita daga gwajin jini.
Bayan Rash ya bayyana
Da zarar rash ya bayyana kwanaki biyu zuwa hudu bayan sauran alamun bayyanar cututtuka, sauran cututtuka da likitanku zai so ya yi sarauta sun hada da:
- Sauran ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da rashes: Wadannan sun hada da kaza, fure, rubella, ƙafar hannu-da-baki, da kuma parvovirus, wanda aka sani da cutar ta biyar. Yawancin lokaci, likitoci zasu iya sarauta waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ta hanyar yadda kullun ya dubi, kazalika da sauran cututtuka.
- Scarlet zazzabi da ciwon haɗari mai guba (TSS): Wadannan rukuni A Streptococcus cututtuka na iya haifar da rashes, kuma zazzafar zazzabi za a iya kare ta hanyar sauran bayyanar cututtuka; Magungunan ciwo mai guba yana yawanci tare da matsawan jini da matsaloli na koda.
- Amsawa ga kwayoyi: Raguwa da ke haifar da hypersensitivity zuwa wasu miyagun ƙwayoyi zai iya kama da gaggawa na kyanda, amma likitanku zai iya yin hakan nan da nan idan ba a kwanan nan ba a kwanta da kwayoyi. Idan har yanzu akwai tambaya, zai zama bayyane lokacin da ka daina shan magani don ƙyamar za ta tafi da zarar miyagun ƙwayoyi ya fita daga tsarinka.
- Meningococcemia: Wannan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kwayar cuta, wadda ta haifar da irin kwayoyin cutar da ke haifar da meningitis, na iya samun irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka ga cutar kyanda, ciki har da rash. Jarabawar jini zai ƙayyade idan kana da wannan kamuwa da cuta ko kyanda.
- Dutsen tsaunuka na tsaunuka: Wannan kwayar cutar ta yada ta hanyar ticks kuma yana da irin wannan alamar bayyanar cutar kyanda, ciki har da raguwa. Ana bincikar shi tare da gwajin jini ko lalata fata.
- Mutuwar kwayar cuta: Sananne ga mafi yawancin mu kawai a matsayin "na daya," wannan kamuwa da cututtuka na kamuwa da cututtuka na iya nunawa da irin wannan alamun bayyanar, ciki har da raguwa, musamman ma bayan ka ɗauki wasu maganin rigakafi. Jarabawar jini zai iya fitar da ko tabbatarwa daya.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Matakan (Rubeola): Ga Ma'aikatan Lafiya. Updated Fabrairu 5, 2018.
> Gans H. Measles: Magungunan Bincike, Bincike, Jiyya, da Rigakafin. Na zamani. Updated Disamba 5, 2017.
> Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). Matakan. Updated Janairu 2018.