Lokacin da masana kimiyya ke gudanar da wasu nau'o'in binciken da suka dace za su auna wannan lokacin a cikin mutum ko shekaru. (Nazarin karatu shine binciken da ke bin babban rukuni na mutane a tsawon lokaci.) Shekaru na mutane da na mutane sune la'akari da yawan mutane a cikin binciken da kuma yawan lokacin da kowa ya ciyar a cikin binciken.
Alal misali, binciken da ya bi mutane 1000 don shekara 1 zai ƙunshi shekaru 1000 na bayanai. Nazarin da ya biyo bayan mutane 100 ga shekaru 10 zai hada da shekaru 1000 na bayanai. Za a tara yawan adadin bayanai, amma za a tattara a kan ƙananan mutane da ake nazarin tsawon lokaci.
Survival Analysis
An yi amfani da yawan shekarun mutane da na mutane a matsayin ƙididdiga na lokaci a cikin binciken da ke nazarin bayanan su ta hanyar amfani da ƙofofin Kaplan-Meier. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "nazarin rayuwa". Binciken ci gaba yana bawa masana kimiyya damar kimanta tsawon lokacin da ya kai rabin rabi don halartar taron. Ana kiransa nazari kan rayuwa saboda an fara amfani da dabara don duba yadda abubuwa daban-daban suka shafi tsawon rayuwarsu. Duk da haka, yau da kullum masu binciken suna amfani da bincike kan rayuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban - daga tattalin arziki zuwa magani. Nazarin rayuwa yafi gafartawa da wasu matsalolin matsaloli fiye da sauran nau'in bincike.
Musamman ma, yana da gafartawa ga mutanen da aka rasa su biyo baya. Wannan shi ne saboda suna iya taimakawa lokaci zuwa binciken, koda kuwa sun bar ba tare da fuskantar wani taron ba.
Nazarin STD da Amfani da Mutum Shekaru
Yawan binciken binciken da ke kallon cututtuka da aka yi da jima'i sun yi amfani da mutum shekaru a matsayin wani ɓangare na nazarin su.
Misalai kaɗan an kwatanta a kasa:
- Binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015 ya duba ko kamuwa da ciwon hauka C (HCV) ya karu da hadarin ƙwayar cuta mai zurfi (DVT) da kuma sakamakon lafiya. Binciken ya gano cewa kamuwa da cutar HCV ya kara yawan haɗari na DVT amma ba lamarin tayi na jini ba (jini a cikin huhu.)
- Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2014 ya dubi sau da yawa mutane da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV suna da matukar damuwa. Binciken ya gano cewa koda mutane sun yi shekaru 10 bayan kamuwa da cuta ba tare da ci gaba ba, mafi yawansu za su cigaba da cigaba da cutar AIDS ba tare da magani ba .
- Nazarin shekarar 2013 ya nuna cewa matan da ke gabatar da maganin rashin haihuwa suna da wuya su sami ciki, ba tare da IVF ba, idan sun gwada kyamarar kirki fiye da idan basu yi ba.
Lokaci yana da muhimmanci a duk waɗannan nazarin. A cikin binciken nazarin haihuwa, ba abin da ya faru idan mata sun yi ciki, yana da mahimmanci tsawon lokacin da ya ɗauki. Abun hulɗa tare da lokaci shine mafi mahimmanci a binciken HIV. Ya so ya san tsawon lokacin da ya kamata mutane su ci gaba daga HIV zuwa AIDS.
Sources:
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van der Helm JJ, Geskus R, Lodi S, Meyer L, Schuitemaker H, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Monforte Ad, Olson A, Touloumi G, Sabin C, Porter K, Prins M; CASCADE Haɗin gwiwa a EuroCoord. Dangane da ci gaba da rashin ciwon HIV-1 na dogon lokaci bayan rikice-rikice: bincike na ƙungiyar. Lancet HIV. 2014 Oktoba; 1 (1): e41-8. Doi: 10.1016 / S2352-3018 (14) 70016-5.
Wang CC, Chang CT, Lin CL, Lin IC, Kao CH. Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na Cutar Hepatitis C tare da Rashin Ƙarar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar cuta: Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙungiyar Nazarin Jama'a. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Satumba 94 (38): e1585. Doi: 10.1097 / MD.0000000000001585.