Lokacin da iyayensu ke jin kalmomin nan "ƙananan hasara", akwai rashin tabbas da damuwa. Mene ne asarar sauraro? Menene wancan yake nufi ga ɗana? A cikin mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci, ɓarar da ake saurarewa a hankali shine lokacin da aka gano asarar rashin lafiya (m ko a'a) kuma ya zama mafi muni. A cikin yara ƙanana waɗanda baza su iya canzawa a sauraron su ba, iyaye suna buƙatar sanar da su game da irin bayyanar cututtuka don kallon wannan zai iya nuna canji a cikin jihohi, san abubuwan haɗari da kuma matsaloli masu tasiri, da kuma gina dangantaka da mai ilimin likita na yara don kulawa da hankali a kan sauraron sauraron su.
Dalili na Hadarin
Sananne
Yawancin abubuwan haɗari da aka sani game da asarar sauraro a cikin yara sun wanzu. Kadan ƙananan sun haɗa da hada iyali tare da tarihin lalacewar ji, ana haifa ba tare da daɗewa ba, ko ciwon jiki na jiki ko kunnuwa. Idan mahaifiyar ta sami wasu cututtuka yayin da take da juna biyu ko kuma yayin da ta haihu, wannan ma zai iya haifar da asarar sauraro.
Ko da idan jarrabawar jariri ta sauraron gwajin "al'ada," kwamitin haɗin gwiwa game da jaririn jariri ya bada shawarar cewa duk wani jariri wanda ke da duk abin da ya faru na ƙaddarar yaron ya kamata a ji shi a gaban jariri yana da shekaru uku. Wannan shi ne saboda jaririn zai iya samun mummunan rashin jin daɗin da ya faru bayan haihuwa.
Ba a tabbatar da shi ba
An yi nazari akan yara da aka haifa tare da cututtukan cytomegalovirus (CMV), sanannun dalilai na ɓataccen hasara. Masu bincike a cikin wannan binciken sun so su ga idan sun iya gane duk wani abu mai ban sha'awa da zai iya zama "gargadi" cewa jaririn yana cikin haɗari don tasowa gajiyar sauraro.
Na farko, masu bincike sun dubi bayanai ga yara 21 da aka haifa a tsakanin 1994 zuwa 1998 don ganin yadda CMV ta kasance a cikin fitsari a cikin wata na farko bayan haihuwa. Kusan kusan shekaru biyu, ana bi da jaririn guda don ganin ko wani ya ci gaba da raguwa. Uku daga cikin wadannan jariri sun ci gaba da sauraron hasara.
Wadannan jariran tara sun fi CMV a cikin fitsari yayin da suke jarirai. Masanan binciken sunyi la'akari da sakamakon da aka nuna a matsayin "babbar ƙungiya" tsakanin adadin CMV a cikin fitsari da kuma ci gaba da asarar ji.
Cutar cututtuka
Iyaye tare da yara waɗanda suka kamu da asarar labari sun lura da wasu alamun cututtuka: Harshen sauti na yaro ya canzawa, ko yaro baiyi jin abin da yaron ya ji ba, ko maganar yaron ya canza.
Dalilin
Ana iya haifar da jariran tare da kwayar cutar cytomegalovirus, wadda aka sani don haifar da asarar sauraro. A cikin yara, ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar abubuwan haɓaka, kamar Connexin 26 ; ƙananan binciken sun gano lokuta na sauraron hasara lokacin da Connexin 26 yake. Masu bincike sun gano magungunan PRPS1 da maza, dabbar da ke hade da DFN2, wani sananne ne na rashin lalacewar ji.
Ƙari da yawa sun haɗa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su ciwon sutura, alamar Alport, da ciwo Usher . Abubuwa na al'ada (a lokacin haihuwar), irin su lalacewa na kunnuwa na ciki, na iya haifar da asarar sauraro. Ciwo na Mondini yana daya daga cikin irin wannan rashin lafiya.
Bincike
Shin akwai hanyoyin da za a dakatar da jin hasara daga ci gaba a cikin jariri?
Zai yiwu. Ƙananan ƙananan yara game da ƙananan yara tare da ciwon CMV sun nuna yiwuwar cewa magani na ganciclovir zai iya hana ko rage rage hasara. Binciken farko ya shafi jarirai tara, biyar daga cikinsu sun riga sun rasa hasara. Wadannan jariran an ba su hade da magungunan ciki tare da magunguna ganciclovir. Sakamakon haka shine shekaru biyu bayan haka, babu wani jariri da ya kamu da lalacewarsa, kuma yara biyu sun sake ji.
A cikin binciken na biyu, an ba da yara 25 da ke cikin gangagikir na cikin makonni shida. Lokacin da aka jarraba jaririn a cikin watanni shida, ba su da ƙarin hasara.
Duk da haka, a lokacin da jariri sun kasance akalla shekara guda, biyar daga cikinsu sun ci gaba da raguwa. Masanan binciken sunyi mamaki idan tsawon lokacin da ya fi tsayi fiye da makonni shida zai hana wadannan jarirai guda biyar su sami ƙarin hasara.
Jiyya
Yara da ƙirar haɗari mai sauƙi za a iya bi da su tare da taimakon ji ko kwaskwarima .
Yaya tasiri yake amfani da cochlear a matsayin magani? An gudanar da nazarin Birtaniya game da yara bakwai da suke da ciwo na sauraro da kuma amfani da kayan ji. Uku daga cikin yara sun karbi cochlear a matsayin yara ƙanana, wasu kuma sun samu su a matsayin matashi. Wasu daga cikin yara sun ji daɗin hasara saboda shekaru da yawa kafin su sami ƙarin hasara, yayin da wasu an haife su tare da sauraron sauraron da suka cigaba da zurfin murkushe, wanda hakan ya haifar da buƙatar buƙata. Bayan an gina shi, duk samari bakwai suna da sakamako mai kyau. Wannan binciken ya kwatanta yiwuwar yara da suka ji masu amfani da kayan agaji tare da ingantattun fasaha, don yin kyakkyawan aiki tare da alamar kwaskwarima.
Sources:
Bayanin hasara na shekaru. Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001045.htm
Bayan ƙwararren sauraron sauraro: Ganin alamun Late Initial Listening Loss in Infants and Young Children. Boys Town National Research Hospital. http://www.babyhearing.org/Audiologists/factSheets/LateOnsetArticle.pdf.
Ƙirƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don rashin asarar ji. (Short Report). Magance na Cutar a Cikin Ƙananan yara 88.8 (Agusta 2003): p708 (4).
Matsanancin haɗari ga jinkirta, jinkirin farko da / ko raguwa na ji. Vermont Ma'aikatar Lafiya. healthvermont.gov/family/hearing/documents/riskfactors.pdf
Kennedy, Sara. Ƙoƙuwa a hanya: Ra'ayoyin Rarrabawa da Ƙarshe. http://www.handsandvoices.org/articles/misc/prog_loss.html
Magancewar hasara a cikin PRPS1 Gene haifar da wani ƙwararren ƙwararru mai kwakwalwa na X-linked, DFN2. Jaridar Amirka ta Tsarin Harkokin Dan Adam, Volume 86, Issue 1, 65-71, 17 Disamba 2009. http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(09)00530-8. An shiga Yuli 2011.
Masanan basu ji dadin sauraro a cikin yara tare da bayyanar cututtukan kwayoyin cutar cytomegalovirus. Pediatrics 110.4 (Oktoba 2002): p762 (6).
Yin watsi da hasara saboda CMV. (Adireshin ID) (tsarin cytomegalovirus na al'ada). Ilimin lafiyar yara 38.7 (Yuli 2004)
Rahoto da shawarwari: NIDCD Workshop kan Abubuwan Cutar Cytomegalovirus Kamuwa da Rubucewar Ji. Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Cibiyar Cutar Cutar da Sauran Sadarwar Sadarwa. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/funding/programs/hb/cmvwrkshop.htm.
Updated by Melissa Karp, Au.D.