Neurontin Abuse a kan Rise

Neurontin yana da mummunar lalacewa mafi girma fiye da yadda aka yi tunani

Shekaru da dama, likitoci sun kalli Neurontin (gapapentin) da Lyrica (pregabalin) a matsayin kwayoyi tare da kadan ko babu wani cin zarafi. Duk da haka, wani binciken binciken da ya fito ya nuna cewa ana amfani da wadannan kwayoyi ne da amfani da kuma amfani da su.

A cikin watan Mayu na 2017 da aka buga a Pharmacoepidemiology da Drug Safety , Buttram da masu marubuta sun nuna alama mai ban mamaki. An samu karuwa a cikin ragowar Neurontin, kuma wannan rudani yana da alaƙa da annobar cutar da ke cutar da dama da ke Amurka.

Mutane suna karuwa a kan hadewar Neurontin da opioids na kwayoyi (misali, hydrocodone da oxycodone).

Mawallafin binciken sunyi la'akari da haka:

Bayanai masu dacewa sun bada shawara cewa ana amfani da Neurontin tare da haɗin opioids tare da maganin Neurontin da heroin suna haɗuwa tare da cinye tare. Masu bayar da karar doka sun gano irin wannan maganin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don taimakawa wajen bazawar Neurontin.

Neurontin da Lyrica

A lokacin da ake zalunta da ciwon ciwo na ciwo da rashin lafiya, Neurontin da Lyrica sun fi son magunguna daga likitoci na farko. Wadannan kwayoyi sun fi tasiri wajen magance ciwo mai tsanani fiye da Advil ko Tylenol. Bugu da ƙari, dogara ga kwayar cutar shi ne annoba; Ta haka ne, ana amfani da su kamar Norco ko Vicodin kawai don magance mummunan zafi mai tsanani. A wasu kalmomi, Neurontin ya fi karfi da abin da za ku samu a cikin kantin magani da kuma rashin hatsari fiye da opioids.

(Heroin wani nau'i ne na opioid.)

Ta yaya Neurontin da Lyrica Work

Neurontin da aka hade a farkon shekarar 1977 a matsayin maganin GABA. Kusan shekaru goma bayan haka, Lyrica, dan uwan ​​dangi na Neurontin, ya ci gaba. Neurontin ya amince da shi a shekarar 1993. Farkon 2004, Lyrica ya sanya shi kasuwa.

Neurontin da Lyrica sun hada da gabapentinoids kuma suna aiki irin wannan.

Ko da yake dukansu sun ci gaba don sarrafa shinge, an gane wadannan kwayoyi a matsayin masu ciwo mai ƙananan ciwo kuma an umurce su ne don sauƙi nau'in nau'in ciwo da rashin jin daɗi.

GABA, gajeren gamma-aminobutyric acid, wani mai ba da izinin neurotransmitter, wanda aka rarraba a ko'ina cikin cakuda ganyayyaki, ko ƙananan kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa da ke da alhakin aiki mafi girma. GABA tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyuka daban-daban na kwakwalwa, ciki har da iko da motsa jiki da kuma hangen nesa da tsari na damuwa da ciwo.

Kodayake ana nufin nufin tafiya GABA masu karɓar kwakwalwa a cikin kwakwalwa, ma'anan gaba ba su daura ga masu karɓar GABA. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ba su ɗaure ga masu karɓa na cannabinoid, opioid, ko benzodiazepine ko dai. Ko da yake ma'anar wadannan kwayoyi ba'a samu cikakke ba, yana nuna cewa wadannan kwayoyi suna amfani da maganin maganin rigakafi da kuma jin dadi. Amma duk da haka, ma'anar gaba-gaba suna kawo karshen ƙwayar GABA da rage yawan ƙwayar glutamate a kwakwalwa.

Neurontin da Lyrica share irin wadannan bayanan da suke ciki, suna da kariya da kodan kuma ba su hulɗa tare da wasu kwayoyi (watau rage haɗari da hulɗar miyagun kwayoyi). Wani bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin waɗannan kwayoyi shine halayen su, ko kuma yawan miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda ke sa shi a cikin wurare dabam-dabam.

Musamman, Lyrica yana da haɓakar halitta fiye da Neurontin kuma ya fi saurin tunawa kuma ya fi damuwa. Wannan bambanci ya sa wasu masana suyi tunanin cewa Lyrica yana da mummunan tasirin haɗari, kuma asusun ajiya suna tallafawa wannan tsinkaya. Duk da haka, idan an dauki su a isasshen isassun kwayoyi, kwayoyi biyu suna da sauri don aiki da tasiri, kuma an lalata su biyu kuma suna amfani da su.

Amfani na asibiti na Neurontin da Lyrica

The gabapentinoids suna kama da juna a cikin na asibiti effects.

Neurontin Allunan, capsules, da kuma maganganun maganganun sun yarda da FDA (1) bi da biyo baya da kuma (2) bi da ƙananan neuralgia, ko shingles.

A Turai, an yarda da Neurontin don maganin ciwon neuropathic.

LDA ya yarda da (1) ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, (2) neuropathy na ciwon sukari, (3) fibromyalgia, da kuma (4) kamawa. A Turai da Japan, Lyrica an amince da shi don magance ciwon neuropathic da kuma yanayin tashin hankali.

Neurontin ba a dauki abu mai sarrafawa ta gwamnatin Amurka ba, kuma miyagun ƙwayoyi ba su da lafiya fiye da sauran magunguna. Wannan halayen halayen halayen mai yiwuwa yana ƙuƙasawa-amfani da lakabin Neurontin duk da ciwo na gwajin gwaji don tallafawa irin wannan amfani.

Daga tsakanin kashi 83 da kashi 95 cikin dari na tallace-tallace na tallace-tallace na Neurontin. Ga wasu alamun amfani da Neurontin:

• Alcohol, benzodiazepine, marijuana, da kuma kawar da ciwo na opioid
• Hanyar rashin gazawa
• Rashin lafiya
• Ƙungiyar ciwon ciwon yanki na yanki
• Ciwon daji neuropathy
• Hoton haske
• Migada ciwon kai
• Tsinkaya neuropathy
• Tsarin lokaci na barci na barci
• Ƙungiyar ƙafafun kafafu
• Trigeminal neuralgia

Kodayake DEA ta haɓaka Lyrica a matsayin likita na Jigilar V, wanda ya nuna rashin cancantar cin zarafi, har yanzu abu ne mai sarrafawa. Wannan hujja tare da gaskiyar cewa Lyrica ya fi tsada fiye da Neurontin zai iya bayyana dalilin da yasa Neurontin ya fi kayyadewa sosai.

A ƙarshe, yawancin likitoci zasu rubuta Neurontin maimakon Lyrica saboda Neurontin yana da rahusa. Lyrica ne mai kula da gaske. Saboda duka magunguna suna da irin wannan tasiri, ya fi dacewa don tafiya tare da zaɓi mai rahusa.

Neurontin Abuse Ya Bayyana

Amfani da abu da cin zarafi abubuwa daban ne, kuma bambanci ya ta'allaka ne.

Bisa ga FDA: "Lokacin da mutum ya dauki magani na likita don wani dalili banda dalilin da aka sanya shi, ko kuma lokacin da mutumin ya dauki magani ba a ba shi izini ba, wannan amfani ne da miyagun ƙwayoyi."

Yin amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi wani nau'i na musamman ne mai amfani. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutane ke amfani da kwayoyi don samun "high," ko kuma samun jin dadin jiki. Game da Neurontin da Lyrica, an bayyana wannan euphoria a hanyoyi daban-daban kuma yana tunawa da sakamakon ilimin opioids, benzodiazepines, da psychedelics.

Ƙwararrun likitoci sun rubuta Neurontin don kowane irin abu, ciki har da ciwo, cututtukan ƙwayoyi, da maganin rashin amfani; da yawa daga cikin wadannan likitoci watakila ba su gane wannan magani na yiwuwa ga zagi. Saboda yana da yawa a yadu da yawa, kuma da yawa mai rahusa kuma sauƙi don rubutawa fiye da Lyrica-wanda shine mai sarrafawa ne-Neurontin ya zama mafi magungunan ƙwayoyi na zaluntar da mutane ke neman ƙwaƙwalwar haɗari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, mutanen da suke da amfani da magungunan cuta da rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya suna iya cutar da wadannan kwayoyi. A wasu kalmomi, an rubuta wa Neurontin takardun izini ga mutanen da suke nuna mummunan yawan zagi.

Ba duk wanda ke cutar da Neurontin-da kasa da yawa Lyrica-suna da takardun magani don waɗannan magunguna. Hanyoyi masu girma ne ga masu sayar da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma waɗannan kwayoyi sun sa hanyarsu zuwa tituna. Kusan tsakanin kashi 40 da 65 bisa dari na mutanen da suke yin amfani da zalunci da kuma zalunci Neurontin suna da takardun magani don miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Rahoton 2012 ya kiyasta cewa takardar Lyrica da Neurontin sun karu da kashi 350 da kashi 150 cikin dari, a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.

Daga bayanin kula, wasu mutanen da aka ba da umarnin Neurontin kawai suna yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kokarin ƙoƙarin daukar nauyin bayyanar cututtuka. Wasu mutane kuma suna yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin hanyar cutar kansu. Bugu da ƙari, mutane suna cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi yayin amfani da wasu abubuwa, irin su opioids, barasa, da benzodiazepines.

A shekara ta 2010, bincike ya fara nuna cewa hadarin lalacewar Lyrica. Daga bisani, Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta ƙara wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa jerin abubuwan wasan motsa jiki. Daga tsakanin shekara ta 2010 zuwa 2016, kimanin daruruwan daruruwan nazari suna nazarin yiwuwar cin zarafin Neurontin da Lyrica.

Ga wasu ƙarin takamaiman abubuwan da suka danganci Neurontin da cin zarafin Lyrica da yin amfani da su. Wadannan binciken sun samo daga nazarin kwanan nan.

• Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka nuna ya nuna cewa yawancin maganin Neurontin da Lyrica tsakanin mutanen da ke zaune a Birtaniya shekaru 16 zuwa 59 sune kashi 1.1 cikin 100 kuma kashi 0.5 cikin dari. Bisa ga wannan binciken, yawan cin zarafi na cannabis shine kashi 28.1 cikin 100 kuma cin zarafin cocaine shine kashi 8.1. A wasu kalmomi, a cikin mutane marasa amfani da cututtuka ko rashin lafiya na ƙwayar cuta, yawancin zalunci na gabapentinoid suna da kasa da sauran magungunan gargajiya.
• Daga cikin mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka na opioid, yawan kuɗin Neurontin ya kasance tsakanin kashi 15 da kashi 22 cikin 100. Ganin cewa, lalacewar cin zarafin Lyrica tsakanin mambobin wannan rukunin ya bambanta da yawa: tsakanin kashi uku da kashi 68 cikin dari. Yawanci, mutanen da ke amfani da abu suna amfani da cututtuka suna neman su zaluntar su da tsabar kamala a wasu rates kamar sauran kwayoyi.
• Daga cikin 'yan Amurke da suka yi amfani da su na amfani da kwayoyi masu guguwa, raunin da Neurontin yayi amfani da su shine sau biyu na cin zarafin amphetamine da kuma daidaita da clonazepam (irin benzodiazepine).
• A Scotland, kashi 22 cikin dari na mutanen da suka tafi ɗakin bankunan da aka yi wa Neurontin rauni.
• Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2015 ya nuna cewa cin zarafin Neurontin ya karu sosai. Musamman, akwai karuwar kashi 2950 cikin zagi daga 2008.
• Amfani da bayanan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi na kasa yana nuna cewa Lyrica an tsara shi a mafi yawan dogaro fiye da shawarar, wanda zai haifar da zalunci.
• Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa wadanda ke zalunci ƙwayar cuta sun kasance samari (30-ish) da rashin samun kudin shiga. Duk da haka, bayanai game da jinsi da zalunci suna rikicewa.
• Bisa ga rahoton rahoto "wanda aka samo daga binciken kwata-kwata na kwayar cutar magani
  an kammala shi ta hanyar samfurin 'yan sanda na doka da kuma hukumomi da suka shiga binciken bincike na miyagun ƙwayoyi, "Ammatram da abokan aiki sun gano cewa yawan tarin da aka samu daga samfurori a cikin sassan biyu na shekarar 2002 zuwa ƙananan asarar rayuka 100 da 100,000 a karshe kwata na 2015.
• Kashewar Neurontin ya zama na kowa A gidajen yarin Amurka.

Hanyoyin Baya Baya Euphoria

Bugu da ƙari, euphoria, mutanen da suke zaluntar su a cikin supratherapeutic, ko kuma mafi girma fiye da shawarar da aka ba da shawarar, sun bayyana wasu abubuwan da suka hada da:

• Abun ciki
• Raguwa
• Dissociation
• Inganta dangantaka
• Jin tausayi
• Halin da ba a hana ba
• Gidan sauti da na gani

Daga bayanin kula, waɗannan cututtuka suna nuna bambanta dangane da haƙuri da kashi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarewar ƙare na gabapentinoids zai iya haifar da janyewa da nuna damuwa game da dogara da jiki. Bugu da ƙari, mutane suna janye daga gabapentinoids kuma zasu iya shawo kan sha'awar sha'awa.

Risuka na Gabapentinoid Overdose

Idan aka yi amfani dashi, Neurontin da Lyrica suna da lafiya. Abubuwa masu ban tausayi suna kasancewa masu tausayi kuma sun hada da lalata, rashin tausayi, ataxia, dizziness, da gajiya.

Ba kamar sauran magunguna ba, ko da lokacin da aka dame su, gabapentinoids har yanzu suna haifar da tasiri kawai, irin su karfin jini, ƙara yawan zuciya, da sauran cututtuka masu kama da wadanda aka gani a maganin warkewa. Gabapentinoid overdose yawanci ba ya bukatar a asibiti kuma ba fatalities daga overdose da aka ruwaito. Mutanen da suka wuce gona da iri sukan dawo da bayanan bayan kimanin sa'o'i 10 na cin abinci.

Ayyukan da Watanni ke Waƙa

Zai zama sauƙin sauƙaƙa da zargi da cin zarafin da ake amfani da ita, da amfani, da kuma dogara ga kusurwar likitoci. Tabbas, wadannan magunguna ne kwayoyi-kawai kuma saboda haka za'a iya dawo da su zuwa likitoci kansu; Duk da haka, dole ne mu fahimci matsayi marar ganewa da masu samarwa ke ciki a yayin da mai haƙuri ya yi kuka game da mummunan ciwo da rashin jin daɗin da ke tare da ciwo na kullum.

Alal misali, al'amuran marasa lafiya ne da sauran nau'o'in ciwo da rashin jin daɗi na kullum don jin zafi da zai damu mutum ba tare da yanayin ba. Lokacin da mutum ya shiga ofishin likitan da yake gunaguni na konewa a cikin iyakokinta, jin dadin "tafiya akan gilashi" da sauransu, likitoci basu da kaɗan da za su magance wannan mummunan bayyanar cututtuka, da kuma Neurontin ko Lyrica su ne kawai zaɓin tasiri.

Doke likita su kasance a kan ido don alamun cewa mai haƙuri yana yin amfani da magunguna ko yin amfani da wadannan kwayoyi ko kuma shirin yin kullun ciki har da wadannan:

• Dole ne a kula da marasa lafiya da cututtuka ko maganin cututtukan kayan aiki don zalunci ko raguwa.
• Bayanin ciwo zai haɗa da masu haƙuri da ke neman Neurontin ko Lyrica musamman, don ƙananan canje-canje fiye da yadda aka tsara, ko don rubutun da yawa a cikin gajeren lokaci.
• Doke likita ya kamata su tabbata cewa marasa lafiya ba 'likita' 'ba ko karɓar takaddun bayanai daga masu samarwa. Dalilin da ya dace don irin wannan hali shine cewa kwayoyi sun "rasa" ko "sace."
• Dole likita ya yi la'akari da yin wani magungunan magani na fitsari (UDS) a cikin marasa lafiya da ake zargi da raguwa. Idan wadannan marasa lafiya suna karbar takaddun don gabapentinoids amma wadannan kwayoyi ba a gano su a cikin fitsari, to ana iya ƙaddamar da waɗannan kwayoyi don tituna.

Kalma Daga

Kodayake akan tashi, zalunci da Neurontin da Lyrica har yanzu suna rinjayar marasa rinjaye marasa lafiya, kuma mafi yawan wadanda aka riga sunyi zalunci, kamar su masu dogara da su. Bugu da ƙari, ko da a lokuta na yawan abin sama da ya kamata, sakamakon wadannan magunguna sun kasance mai sauƙi da musaici-daɗaɗɗo daga abubuwan da suka faru na opioid, barasa, da kuma benzodiazepine dogara (yanayin da ake amfani da waɗannan magunguna don magance su).

Idan kai ko ƙaunatacciyar daukan wadannan kwayoyi don jin zafi ko rashin jin daɗi na yau da kullum, kuma waɗannan kwayoyi sun ba da taimako, to, ana amfani da wadannan kwayoyi kamar yadda ake nufi. Duk da haka, don rage girman hadarin ku, yana da muhimmanci cewa likitanku yana kula da ku sosai kuma kuyi amfani da kwayoyi ne kawai a shawarar da aka bayar. Fahimtar yadda suke aiki zai iya taimakawa. Har ila yau, kada ka dauki wadannan kwayoyi don samun "high," kada ka haɗa kwayoyi tare da barasa, benzodiazepines, opioids, ko wasu magungunan zalunci, kuma kada ka ba ko sayar da waɗannan kwayoyi zuwa wasu.

Idan kowa yana da wasu tambayoyi game da magungunan asibitocin da kake shanwa-musamman magunguna da cin zarafi-don Allah a tambayi likitanka. Kwararka zai iya ɗaukar lokaci don tattauna haɗari da kuma amfanin da duk wani magani da aka sanya maka. Bugu da ƙari, za ku iya tambayi magungunan kuɗin likita game da magunguna da aka tsara ku. A matsayin mai haƙuri, yana da damar da za a sanar da kai game da magunguna da kake ɗauka.

> Sources:

> Yayinda ake amfani da amfani da zalunci da kwayoyi: Q & A tare da Michael Klein, Ph.D. Yuli 28, 2010. www.fda.gov.

> Evoy KE, Morrison MD da Saklad SR. "Zalunci da Amfani da Yanayi da Lafiya." Drugs . 2016.

> Mack A. Magana game da Shaidun da ake amfani da shi don Kashe Labarin Labarin Gabapentin. Jaridar Managed Care Pharmacy . 2003; 9: 559-568.

> Smith RV, Havens JR, da Walsh SL. "Yin amfani da mummunan aiki, zalunci da kuma raguwa: nazari na yau da kullum." Addiction . 2016; 111: 1160-1174.

> Tcheremissine, OV, da kuma Bestha DP. Abun ƙetare a cikin mai haƙuri tare da yanayin kwakwalwa da nakasasshen abu. Innovations a cikin Clinical Neuroscience . 2016; 13: 13-14.