Duba dubban nau'o'in miyagun ƙwayoyi irin su maganin rigakafi, NSAIDs, da Statins
Wata magungunan magani ko jinsin magani shine ƙungiyar magungunan da zasu iya aiki kamar yadda ya kamata, suna da tsarin sunadarai irin wannan, ko ana amfani dashi don magance lafiyar lafiyar. A cikin nau'in likitanci, mai kula da lafiyar ku yana neman ƙayyadadden magani wanda zai fi dacewa da yanayin ku. Azuzuwan sunaye ne kuma magunguna zasu iya bayyana a cikin fiye da ɗaya likitoci idan suna da tasiri iri iri ko ana amfani dasu tare da yanayi daban-daban.
Ga wasu misalai na yawan magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Antibiotics
Magungunan rigakafi sune magunguna masu amfani da su don magance cututtuka da kwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa. Wasu lokuta da ake wajabta maganin maganin rigakafi sune amoxicillin da Zithromax (azithromycin). Kwayar rigakafi za a iya samuwa daga al'amuran dake tattare da kwayoyin dake hana ci gaban kwayan cuta. Su ma za a iya ƙirƙirar su. Akwai nau'ikan maganin maganin rigakafi da suka hada da wadannan:
- Beta-lactams, irin su penicillins, cephalosporins, da carbapenems, wanda ya hana wayar salula kira
- Drugs da ke tsoma baki tare da sunadarin gina jiki, kamar macrolides, tetracyclines, linezolid, da lincosamides
- Magungunan da ke tsoma baki tare da maganin kira, irin su trimethoprim da sulfonamides
- Drugs cewa tsoma baki tare da kwayoyin nucleic acid kira, kamar quinolones da rifampin
Mafi yawanci, maganin rigakafi na iya zama ko bacteriostatic ko bacteriocidal. Bacteriostatic maganin rigakafi halt cell rabo da kuma girma cell.
Bactericidal maganin rigakafi kai tsaye kashe kwayoyin cuta. Alal misali, rifampin wata maganin bacteriocidal ne yayin da maganin rigakafi da ke tsangwama tare da kira mai gina jiki zai iya zama bacteriocidal ko bacteriostatic.
Antidepressants
Magungunan antidepressants su ne magunguna masu amfani da su don magance cututtuka na ciki. Wasu lokuta da ake ba da umarnin maganin antidepressants ne Lexapro (escitalopram) da Zoloft (sertraline).
Ana zaton suyi aiki ta canza yadda sinadaran cikin kwakwalwa da ake kira neurotransmitters tsara yanayi. An tsara su ta hanyar da neurotransmitter suka shafi kuma a wace hanyar da suke yi.
- Maɗaukaki masu sukar maganin serotonin (SSRIs): Ya hada da Prozac (fluoxetine). Wadannan kwayoyin sun taimaka wajen inganta siginar serotonin.
- Sarotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Ya hada da Effexor (venlafaxine). Wadannan kwayoyi sun taimaka wajen inganta sigina na norepinephrine.
- Tidyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Ya hada da Elavil (amitriptyline): Wadannan kwayoyi sun inganta siginar guda biyu na serotonin da norepinephrine amma kuma yana shafar wasu manzannin sinadaran, wadanda ke haifar da tasiri.
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Ya hada da Nardil (phenelzine). Wadannan magungunan sun kiyaye jiki daga watsar da sakonni.
Magungunan anti-inflammatory na nonsteroidal (NSAIDs)
Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa nau'in kwayoyi sune jinsin magungunan da ke dauke da kwayoyi masu tsinkewa da kwayoyi , anti-fever, da antipyredic (anti-fever). Dukkan NSAID na aiki ta hanyar hana gizon enzyme cyclooxygenase kuma suna samuwa a cikin tsari na kan-da-counter. Misalan NSAID sun hada da ibuprofen da aspirin. Kodayake NSAID sun kasance mafi kyau don karewa, suna da mummunar tasiri.
Alal misali, aspirin yakan haifar da ciwon gastrointestinal kuma yana iya haifar da zub da jini a wasu.
Opioids
Opioids su ne nau'i na kwayoyi da aka samo daga opium. Opium an girbe daga poppy Papaver somniferum . A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da morphine sosai a magani. Sauran misalai na opioids sun hada da codeine, heroin, da hydrocodone. Bugu da ƙari, akwai cikakkun opioids na roba, ciki har da meperidine, fentanyl, methadone, da butorphanol. Opioids sun hada da aspirin ko acetaminophen don ƙarin jin dadi (tunanin Vicodin ko Norco).
Ayyukan Opioids ta hanyar hana sakonnin neurotransmitter don haka ya haifar da taimako mai zafi.
Opioids kuma suna haifar da sakamako mai laushi. Abun da ake yi wa opioid da kuma dogara sun zama matsala masu yawa, tare da mutane marasa amfani da yin amfani da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kwayoyin magani. Maganin Opioid zai iya kashewa ta hanyar ciwo na numfashi.
Statins
Statins sune magungunan maganin da ke hana hawan cholesterol cikin hanta kuma ana amfani da su don bi da mutanen da ke da babban cholesterol. Wasu lokuta da aka tsara akai-akai sune Lipitor (atorvastatin) da Zocor (simvastatin).
Sources
Albertson TE. Babi na 119. Ma'aikata da Opioids. A: Olson KR. eds. Cigaba da Drug Overdose, 6th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Gasbarre CC, Schmitt SK, Tomecki KJ. Babi na 230. Antibiotics. A: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. Eds. Fitzpatrick ta Dermatology a General Medicine, 8th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.