Duk da yake hasken X-rayukan da aka yi amfani da su don yin amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu amfani don kimanta nau'o'in matsalolin kiwon lafiya, likitoci suna buƙatar karin jarrabawar likita don taimakawa su gano dalilin bayyanar cututtuka. Ƙididdigar da aka lissafa (CT) da kuma yanayin hoton jifa (MRI) za a iya amfani dasu don ganowa da kuma tantancewa .
A cikin gwaje-gwaje guda biyu, mai haƙuri yana kwance a kan tebur wanda aka motsa ta hanyar tsari mai siffar kayan aiki kamar yadda aka samu hotuna.
Amma akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin CT da MRI.
Tomography Ƙididdiga (CT)
A cikin CT scan, zanen X-ray yana kewaye da jiki. Kwamfuta ta kama hotuna da sake gina sassan jikin jiki. Cans za a iya kammala su a minti 5, don sanya su manufa don amfani a cikin sassan gaggawa.
Ana yin amfani da CT scan don tsarin jiki da abubuwan da ke ciki:
- Magungunan kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa daga bugun jini ko cuta
- Tsarin Bony
- Abolism na jini - jini a cikin huhu
- Kwana, ciki da ƙananan kwari
- Tushen koda
Ana kuma amfani da jarrabawar CT don jagorancin sanyawa cikin allura a yayin da ake ciwo da kwayoyin huhu, hanta ko wasu kwayoyin.
A wasu lokuta, haɓaka bambanci ne ake gudanarwa ga mai haƙuri don inganta samuwa na wasu sassa a lokacin CT scan. Za'a iya ba da bambanci a cikin intravenously, a fili ko ta hanyar enema. Ba'a yi amfani da bambancin jituwa a cikin marasa lafiya da cututtukan koda ko rashin lafiyar su.
CT yayi amfani da radiation radiation don kama hotuna. Irin wannan radiation yana haifar da ƙaramin karuwa a cikin rayuwar mutum na rayuwa na ci gaba da ciwon daji. Amsar da ake yi wa radiation radiation ya bambanta tsakanin mutane. Rashin rashawa ya fi haɗari a yara. Alal misali, binciken da Farfesa Mark Pierce na Jami'ar Newcastle, Birtaniya, ya yi, ya nuna wata ƙungiya tsakanin radiation daga cutar CT da cutar sankarar bargo da kwakwalwa a cikin yara.
Duk da haka, marubuta sun lura cewa ƙaddarar hadarin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ne, kuma mafi yawa, amfani na asibiti ya fi ƙarfin haɗari.
Har ila yau, yayin da fasaha ya inganta, an rage yawan rashawa da ake buƙatar CT scan. A lokaci guda, hotunan hotunan hoto ya zama mafi kyau. Wasu samfurori na gaba zasu iya rage yaduwar radiation har zuwa 95 bisa dari idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin CT na al'ada. Yawancin lokaci sukan ƙunshi layuka na rayukan X-ray kuma suna ba da izini don samuwa da sauri ta hanyar kamewa mafi girman jiki a lokaci guda. Alal misali, CT rubutun jini wanda ke kula da jigilar zuciya na zuciya zai iya daukar hoto na dukan zuciya a cikin zuciya daya idan amfani da fasaha na zamani.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, an riga an tattauna batun jin dadi da radiation. Ƙungiyoyi biyu da suke aiki a kan wayar da kan jama'a shine Hoton Hotuna da Hoton Hotuna. Hoton Hotuna Yana da damuwa game da daidaitawa da yaduwar kwayoyin yara ga yara, yayin da Hoton Hotuna yayi kyau don neman ilimi mafi kyau game da bayyanar radiation da kuma magance damuwa daban-daban da suka danganci yaduwar kwayoyin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Nazarin kuma ya nuna muhimmancin tattauna batun radiation tare da marasa lafiya; a matsayin mai haƙuri, ya kamata ka shiga cikin tsari na yanke shawara.
Halin Hanya na Magnetic (MRI)
Ba kamar CT ba, MRI baya amfani da radiation ionizing. Sabili da haka, hanya ce da aka fi dacewa domin kimantawa yara da kuma sassa na jiki wanda ba za a yuwuwa ba idan ya yiwu, misali, nono da ƙashin ƙugu a cikin mata.
Maimakon haka, MRI yana amfani da filayen magnetic da raƙuman radiyo don samun hotuna. MRI yana haifar da hotuna masu sassaucin hoto a ƙananan hanyoyi-wato, a fadin nisa, tsawo da tsawo na jikinka.
MRI yana da kyau don ganin abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da abubuwan da ke haɗuwa:
- Rashin raunuka ga tendon da ligaments kewaye da kayan aiki kamar gwiwa ko kafada. (Harshin yana haɗa tsoka zuwa kashi domin motsa kashi.An ligament yana haɗuwa da kashi zuwa kashi don tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa.) Misali, likita na iya umurni MRI idan wani yana da alamu ko bayyanar cututtuka a cikin gwiwa.
- Matsalar cututtuka, irin su cututtukan da ake ciki ko launi
- Matsalar Brain, irin su ciwon sukari, kamuwa da cuta, tsofaffin bugun jini da ƙananan sclerosis
- Osteomyelitis (ƙwayar cuta ta kasusuwa)
Kayan aikin MRI ba su da mahimmanci kamar ƙwayoyin CT, saboda haka yawancin lokuta yana jira lokaci kafin samun MRI. Kwalejin MRI na da tsada sosai. Yayin da za a kammala CT scan a cikin minti 5, jarraba ta MRI na iya ɗaukar minti 30 ko ya fi tsayi.
Ayyukan MRI na da ƙarfi, kuma wasu marasa lafiya suna jin claustrophobic lokacin gwaji. Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu magunguna ko amfani da na'ura na MRI "bude" zai iya taimaka marasa lafiya su ji dadi.
Saboda MRI yana amfani da maɗaukaki, ba za'a iya yin hanya ba ga marasa lafiya tare da wasu nau'ikan na'urori masu ƙarfe, irin su pacemakers, kwakwalwan zuciya na wucin gadi, jigilar jini ko shirye-shiryen bidiyo.
Wasu MRI suna buƙatar yin amfani da gadolinium a matsayin bambancin bambanci mai ban sha'awa. Gadolinium yana da mafi aminci fiye da bambancin kayan da ake amfani dasu don duba CT amma zai iya cutar da marasa lafiya wadanda suke kan ladabi don rashin cin nasara koda.
Ci gaba da fasaha na zamani a yanzu suna sanya MRI dubawa don yiwuwar yanayin kiwon lafiya inda MRI ba ta dace ba. Alal misali, a shekarar 2016, masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Sir Peter Mansfield a Birtaniya sun gina hanyar da za ta iya taimakawa wajen kwatanta kwayoyin huhu. Hanyar ta amfani da amfani da krypton gas a matsayin mai ba da bambanci marar bambanci kuma ana kiranta Gas MRI na Inhaled Hyperpolarised. Magunguna suna buƙatar hawan gas a wata nau'i mai tsabta, wanda ya ba da damar samar da hoto mai tsabta na 3D mai kwakwalwa. Idan nazarin wannan hanyar ya ci nasara, sabon fasaha ta MRI zai iya ba likitoci da ingantaccen hoto na cututtuka na huhu, kamar fuka da cystic fibrosis. Sauran gases masu daraja sun kasance sun yi amfani da su a cikin hanyar hyperpolarized, ciki har da xenon da helium. Xenon yana jin dadin jiki. Har ila yau, yana da rahusa fiye da helium kuma yana samuwa ta halitta. An lura da shi a matsayin mai amfani musamman a yayin da ake nazarin yanayin aiki na huhu da musayar gasses a cikin alveoli (ƙananan jakar iska a cikin huhu). Masana sunyi hangen nesa cewa masu ba da ka'ida ba na rayuka ba zasu iya tabbatar da ingancin fasaha na zamani da gwajin aikin ba. Suna samar da cikakkun bayanai game da aikin da tsari na huhu, wanda aka samu a lokacin numfashi ɗaya.
> Sources:
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