Jakafi yana wakiltar alamar ci gaba a fannin ilimin kimiyya.
Muna rayuwa ne a cikin ban mamaki lokacin da ba kawai mu fahimci hanyoyin da cutar ke ciki ba har ma yadda za a magance wadannan sassan da sababbin kwayoyi. Alal misali, Jakafi (ruxolitinib) ya zama magunguna na farko da FDA ya yarda don magance cutar polycythemia , kuma yana aiki ta hanyar hana enzymes Janus Associated Kinase 1 (JAK-1) da Janus Associated Kinase 2 (JAK-2).
Tare da wasu canje-canje na cellular, waɗannan enzymes suna zuwa haywire a cikin mutane tare da furotin polycythemia.
Mene ne Kayan Fayaccen Magunguna?
Magungunan polycythemia shine rashin jini. Wannan mummunar cuta ne wanda ke nunawa a baya (rayuwar mutane a cikin 60s) kuma yana haifar da cututtuka (tunanin fashewa) a kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk mutanen da suka shafi. Kamar yadda muka sani, zubar da jini zai iya zama mummunan hanyar haka ne ganewar asirin PV mai tsanani ne.
Labarin yadda PV ta fara aiki a cikin kasusuwa. Kullunmu na nama yana da alhakin yin ƙwayoyin jini. Kwayoyin jini daban-daban a cikin jikin mu suna da matsayi daban-daban. Kwayoyin jini suna kawo oxygen zuwa yatsunmu da gabobinmu, yaduwar jini suna taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cuta da kuma takaddun maganin jini. A cikin mutane tare da PV, akwai maye gurbi a cikin sel masu yawan kwayoyin hematopoietic wanda zai haifar da yaduwar karuwa da jini, jini da jini. A wasu kalmomi, a cikin PV, kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya bambanta cikin kwayoyin jini, da jini mai launin jini, da kuma platelets, an jefa su cikin overdrive.
Yawancin abu ba abu ne mai kyau ba, kuma a cikin yanayin PV, ƙwayoyin jini da yawa za su iya rushe jini na jini da ke haifar da kowane nau'i na matsalolin asibiti ciki har da wadannan:
- ciwon kai
- rashin ƙarfi
- pruritis (itching abin da yake gabatar da shi bayan shafewar zafi ko wanka)
- dizziness
- suma
- thrombosis ko jinin jini mai tsanani (Tatsun jini zai iya zubar da jini da kuma haifar da bugun jini, ƙuƙwalwar zuciya, da kuma amintattun kwakwalwa, ko kuma ɓoye ƙwayoyin cuta kamar sutura mai tasiri wanda ke ciyar da hanta haka zai haifar da lalata hanta.)
- zub da jini (Yawancin kwayoyin jini-da yawa daga cikinsu waxanda suke da lalata-abin da zai iya haifar da jini)
- splenomegaly (Sulusi, wadda tace masu yaduwa ta jini, ya karu saboda yawan ƙwayar jini a PV.)
- erythromelalgia (Raɗa da zafi a cikin lambobi suna haifar da da yawa daga cikin takalman da ke kange jini a cikin yatsun hannu da yatsa wanda zai haifar da mutuwa da yankewa.)
PV kuma zai iya magance wasu cututtuka kamar cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tare da karuwar yawan kwayoyin jinin jiki da ke motsa jiki da ƙwayar cuta mai tsinkayewa ko kuma tsalle-tsire wanda ya kara tsaftace jini. (Muscle mai haɗari yana gina ganuwar jinin jini, kuma yawancin kwayoyin jini yana iya haifar da ƙarin abubuwan ci gaba da ke haifar da tsoka tsoka.)
Wasu 'yan tsirarun mutane tare da PV sun ci gaba da bunkasa myelofibrosis (inda yatsun kasusuwan ya zama "kowa" da kuma cike da nauyin da ba su da amfani da su kamar yadda fibroblasts ke haifar da anemia) kuma har ma da cutar sankarar bargo. Ka tuna cewa ana kiran PV ne a matsayin mai ƙwayar cuta ko ciwon daji kamar yadda sauran cututtuka ke haifar da karuwa a cikin lambobin salula. Abin takaici, a wasu mutane tare da PV, cutar sankarar bargo na nuna ƙarshen layin akan ci gaba da ciwon daji.
Jakafi: A Drug Wannan ya hada da Polycythemia Vera
Mutanen da ke cikin plethoric lokaci na PV ko lokacin da ake karuwa da ƙwayoyin jini ana bi da su tare da maganganu masu tayar da hankali wanda ke kawo cikas ga cututtuka da inganta yanayin rayuwa. Yawancin sanannun cikin wadannan jiyya yana iya haifar da kullun jini ko zub da jini don rage yawan ƙwayoyin jini.
Kwararru ma suna bi da PV tare da masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta (tunanin chemotherapeutic) jami'o'in-hydroxyurea, busulfan, 32p kuma, kwanan nan, interferon-wanda ya hana karuwar yawancin jini. Hanyoyin magani da yawa suna ƙaruwa da jin daɗin lafiyar mai haƙuri kuma ana zaton su taimaka wa mutanen da ke rayuwa tare da PV.
Abin takaici, wasu daga cikin wadannan kwayoyi kamar chlorambucil suna ɗauke da hadarin haifar da cutar sankarar bargo.
Ga mutanen da ke da PV da ke da matsala da jituwa ko kuma basu amsa zuwa hydroxyurea, wakili na farko ba, wanda JDAfi ya amince da shi a cikin watan Disambar 2014. Jakafi na aiki ta hana da JAK-1 da JAK-2 enzyme wanda aka canza a mafi yawan mutane tare da PV. Wadannan enzymes suna cikin jini da aikin immunological, matakai waɗanda suke da hauka a cikin mutane da PV.
A cikin kashi 21 cikin dari na mutanen da basu da karfin hali ko kuma basu amsa ga hydroxyurea ba, nazarin ya nuna cewa Jakafi ya rage girman girman (ragewa splenomegaly) kuma ya rage buƙatar phlebotomy. Bincike ya nuna cewa har ma da mafi kyawun maganin magungunan da ake samu, kashi 1 cikin 100 na irin wannan mutane zai sami irin wannan amfani. Da bayanin kula, FDA ta rigaya ta amince da ita don maganin myelofibrosis a shekara ta 2011. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na Jakafi mafi mahimmanci (abin da FDA yayi amfani da ita "halayen halayen") sun haɗa da anemia, ƙididdigar jini mai ƙuƙwalwa, ƙuƙwalwa, ƙyama, da shingles.
Ya kamata a lura cewa kamar yadda ya faru tare da wasu maganin magance matsalolin, ba daidai ba ne ko Jakafi zai taimaka wa mutane su rayu tsawon lokaci.
Idan kai ko wani kake ƙauna yana da PV wanda bai amsa hydroxyurea ba, Jakafi yana wakiltar sabon magani. Ga sauranmu, Jakafi yana wakiltar yadda za a ci gaba da amfani da kwayoyi. Masu bincike suna samun mafi alhẽri a gano ainihin abin da aka tsara ta hanyar cututtuka da kuma magance wannan cuta.
Sources:
"Farfesa ga neoplasiferative neoplasms: a yaushe, wane wakili, kuma ta yaya?" by HL Geyer da RA Mesa da aka buga a Blood on 12/4/2014.
Prchal JT, Prchal JF. Babi na 86. Furorin ƙwallon ƙafa. A: Lichtman MA, Kipps TJ, Seligsohn U, Kaushansky K, Prchal JT. eds. Williams Hematology, 8th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010.