Gwaran gwaje-gwaje na PFT (PFT) suna rikitarwa ga marasa lafiya COPD . Kuma fahimtar yadda likitanku ke fassara sakamakon zai iya zama da damuwa.
Duk da haka, sanin lambobinka kamar yadda suke amfani da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje yana da mahimmanci kamar sanin cutar jininka idan kana da cututtukan zuciya. Ba wai kawai sakamakon gwajin ku ba ku hanya ta kwatanta lokacin da kuke tantance irin yadda kuke karɓar magani ba, amma sun kuma fada muku idan cutarku ta inganta, kasancewa ɗaya, ko cigaba.
Bayani
A cikin ganewar asali na COPD , ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na aikin kwakwalwa don tantance aikin huhu da ƙayyadadden matakin lalacewa ga huhu. Bugu da ƙari, tarihin mai haƙuri da kuma jiki, nazarin hotunan samfurin ( X-ray da kuma CT scan ), da kuma PFT sune mahimmanci a kimanta lafiyar jiki.
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje na aikin yaudara lokacin da:
- Nunawa don kasancewa da cututtuka na cututtuka da / ko marasa lafiya
- Tabbatar da yanayin likita kafin aikin tiyata don tantance yanayin hadarin motsa jiki bayan tiyata
- Binciken ci gaba da cutar huhu da tasirin magani
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje guda uku na gwagwarmaya a cikin ƙididdigar COPD:
- Spirometry
- Nazarin watsa labarai
- Jiki jita-jita
Testing Spirometry
COPD yana sa iska a cikin huhu za a kwashe a hankali kuma a cikin ƙananan kuɗi idan aka kwatanta da mutumin da yake da lafiya. Adadin iska a cikin huhu shine ba a sauke shi ba saboda kariya ta jiki (irin su samar da kayan aiki ) ko iska ta hanzari ta haifar da kumburi.
Wannan shi ne inda spirometry ta zo.
Spirometry ita ce mafi yawan dukkan gwaje gwaje-gwaje. An yi shi tare da na'urar da aka yi amfani da hannu wanda ake kira spirometer kuma mai iya amfani da shi ta hanyar marasa lafiya waɗanda masu fasaha suka taimaka.
Yawanci ne na farko na likitancin lokacin da yayi ƙoƙari ya tantance matsalar matsalar numfashi.
An kuma amfani da shi don ƙayyade maki (matakai) na COPD.
Hanyar dacewa, hanya mara kyau, zane-zane na iya yin aiki a cikin sirrin ofishin likitan ku ko a mafi yawan kayan aikin asibiti ko kuma na waje. Jarabawar tana buƙatar mai haƙuri, bayan an fitar da iska, don ƙin zurfin zuciya.
Wannan aikin zai biyo baya ta hanyar sauyawar iska har sai iska ta ƙare daga huhu. Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen spirometry ya bambanta amma sun dogara ne akan dabi'un da aka kwatanta da daidaitattun mutane masu kyau (duba ƙasa).
Terminology don sani
Nazarin maganin spirometry suna auna ma'aunin canji a cikin jujjuya na huhu lokacin da ake motsa jiki. Wadannan ma'aunin suna nunawa ta hanyar amfani da kalmomi masu zuwa:
- Abubuwan Vital (VC) -Yawan iska da za a iya fitar da karfi daga cikin huhu bayan an cika shi.
- Ƙarfi na Dandalin Kwarewa (FVC) -Yawan iska wanda za'a iya tilasta shi daga cikin huhu bayan ya ɗauki mawuyacin numfashi.
- Ƙarƙashin Ƙarshen Ƙararrawa a Ɗaya na Biyu (FEV1) -Yawan iska wanda za'a iya fitar da karfi daga huhu a cikin na farko na biyu na fitarwa ta tilasta.
- FEV1 / FVC Ratio-Haka kuma aka bayyana a matsayin FEV1% ko% FEV1, yana bada rabo daga FEV1 zuwa FVC. Wannan yana gaya wa likitancin cewa yawan nauyin iska ana fitar da shi daga huhu a lokacin farko na biyu na fitarwa.
- Tilashin ƙaddarawa (PEFR) ƙwallon ƙafa -Sai idan magani yana da tasiri wajen inganta sassan kayar iska, kamar COPD.
- Jirgin ƙwaƙwalwar motsa jiki (FEF) - ma'auni na yadda za a iya fitar da iska daga huhu. Yana nuna alamar ƙuntataccen jirgin sama.
- FEF25% - Wannan darajar tana wakiltar adadin iska wanda za'a iya fitar da karfi daga huhu a cikin kashi 25 cikin dari na jimlar gwaji mai karfi.
- FF 50% - Wannan auna tana wakiltar yawan iska da aka fitar daga huhu yayin rabi na farko (kashi 50) na gwaji mai mahimmanci na tilastawa. Yana da amfani a lokacin da likitan likitan ya kamu da cututtuka. A cikin mai haƙuri da haɗari, yawan iska da za a kwashe shi zai zama ƙasa da na wanda ke da huhu.
- FEF25% -75% - Wannan jigon yana wakiltar yawan adadin iska da aka cire daga huhu lokacin tsakiyar rabin gwajin da aka tilasta wajan. Yawancin asibitin sun koma wannan darajar saboda abin da ke nuna alamun cututtuka na huhu.
- Rawanin Rawanin Kai na Ƙarshe (MVV) -Yawanci da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ƙwaƙwalwa ta hanzari kuma cikakke sosai a cikin 12 seconds. Sakamakon ya nuna hali na tsokoki da aka yi amfani da su don numfashi, yadda mukan huhu suke, kuma idan akwai juriya a cikin hanzarin iska lokacin numfashi. Wannan gwajin ya gaya wa likitocin likitoci yadda ƙarfin mahaifa ke da karfi kafin a tiyata. Idan marasa lafiya sun nuna rashin talauci a wannan jarabawar, zai nuna wa likita cewa rikitarwa na numfashi zai iya faruwa bayan aikin tiyata.
Tsarin fassara sakamakon
Spirometry taimaka wa likitoci gano da kasancewa da cututtuka da ƙyama cututtuka na huhu. Kamar kowane gwajin gwaji, likitan ku ne mafi kyawun mutumin da ya kamata ku tattauna abubuwan gwajin kuɗi na spirometry da kuma wanda zai iya ba ku cikakken ganewar asali.
Akwai hanyoyi da dama da aka yi amfani da su don fassarar-wanda likitanka ke amfani da shi shine batun da kake so. Abin da ke da muhimmanci a kowace jarrabawar spirometry shi ne cewa an yi daidai kuma an gwada gwajin ta daidai da kuma tsarin ta hanyar likita mai horarwa.
Wadannan sune kawai hanya ɗaya na gwajin gwajin da likitanku zai yi amfani da shi. (Yana nufin don dalilai ne kawai kuma bazai maye gurbin shawara na lafiya mai kyau daga mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya ba.)
- Mataki na 1: Dubi FVC don ganin idan al'ada ne.
- Mataki na 2: Dubi FEV1 don ganin idan al'ada ne.
- Mataki na 3: Idan duka FVC da FEV1 su na al'ada, kuna da gwaji na al'ada kuma za ku iya dakatar a wannan mataki.
- Mataki na 4: Idan FVC da / ko FEV1 sunyi ƙananan, to, ƙila za ka iya samun cutar huhu kuma ana buƙatar wasu gwaje-gwaje don kimanta wannan.
- Mataki na 5: Idan Mataki na 4 yana nuna yiwuwar cutar kututture, dubi% annabta don FEV1 / FVC. Idan kashi 69 cikin dari ko žasa, dole ne a yi la'akari da cutar tace. Idan kashi 85 cikin dari ko mafi girma, to dole ne a yi la'akari da cutar ƙwayar cuta.
Sau da yawa, mutane suna daukar hoto da kuma tambayi idan sakamakon su daidai ne. Lalle ne, akwai wasu dalilai da zasu iya rinjayar da alamomin ku na spirometry a cikin hanyar da ba ta da kyau.
Tabbatar da COPD Girma
Doctors kuma suna amfani da rubutun ra'ayin rubutu don sanin ƙimar COPD. Kodayake akwai tsarin da za a zabi daga, tebur da ke ƙasa ita ce hanyar da shawarar da shirin duniya na ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta (GOLD) ta yi.
Sakamakon gwajin ku idan aka kwatanta da ɗakunan al'ada, dabi'un da aka kwatanta waɗanda suke amfani da maɓamai na alƙaluma kamar tsofaffi, jinsi, girman jiki, da kabilanci a matsayin hanyar daidaitawa. Kashi bisa dari, yayin da ake magana akan wannan magana, yana bai wa likitoci kayan aiki don kwatanta sakamakon binciken ku tare da sakamakon da aka samu daga mutanen da ke fama da huhu.
| Gudun Spirometric GOLD na COPD | ||
| I. Ƙananan COPD | * FEV1 / FVC <0.7 * FEV1> / = 80% annabta | A wannan mataki, mai yiwuwa ne mai hankali ya san cewa aikin sutura yana farawa ya ƙi |
| II. COPD mai daɗi | * FEV1 / FVC <0.7 * 50% | Cutar cututtuka a lokacin wannan cigaba na ci gaban, tare da takaitaccen numfashi a cikin aiki. |
| III. COPD mai tsanani | * FEV1 / FVC <0.7 * 30% | Rawancin numfashi ya zama mafi muni a wannan mataki kuma COPD ƙari ne na kowa. |
| IV. Very COPD mai tsanani | * FEV1 / FVC <0.7 * FEV1 <30% annabta ko FEV1 <50% annabta tare da ciwo na numfashi na numfashi | Rayuwar rai a wannan mataki yana da mummunan rauni. Ƙaƙidar COPD na iya zama barazanar rayuwa. |
Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen spirometry za a auna su sau biyu, kafin kafin kuma bayan da aka ba da magunguna. A cewar kamfanin Amurka na Thoracic , idan akwai akalla kashi 12 cikin dari da kuma 200-millilitus daga darajar a cikin post-bronchodilator FEV1 a cikin biyu daga cikin ma'aunin zane-zane na uku, an ce ka amsa da gaske ga masararraji. Wannan ya kamata ya daidaita tare da yadda za ku amsa maganin-wani muhimmin mahimmanci.
Sauran Tests
Tare da spirometry, wasu gwaje-gwaje biyu na gwagwarmaya suna da muhimmanci a ganewar asalin cutar huhu:
- Nazarin jita-jita -Wannan PFT ya gaya muku yadda oxygen da motsinku ke motsawa cikin jini.
- Jigidar jigilar jiki - gwajin da ke ƙayyade yawan iska da ke cikin ƙwaƙwalwarka lokacin da ka ɗauki numfashi mai zurfi da kuma yadda iska ke bar a cikin huhu lokacin da ka fita kamar yadda za ka iya.
> Sources:
Jami'ar Arizona ta Arewa. Gwajin gwaje-gwaje.
Taswirar Duniya don Gano Hidima, Gudanarwa, da Rigakafin COPD, Gudanar da Duniya na Kwayoyin Tsuntsauran Kwayoyin cuta na Gida (GOLD). 2010.