An gane cewa an gano cewa dabbobin dabba don gwada kwayoyi da sauran maganin likita suna da mummunar lahani. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan hanyoyi ba su da kullun da bala'i. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan nazarin ba koyaushe suna iya gane hangen nesa ba. Yawancin waɗannan nazarin sun zo da farashi mai yawa, wanda ma'anar wasu kwayoyi bazai iya yin shi a lokacin gwajin ba.
Masu bincike a duniya sunyi aiki akan bunkasa kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya maye gurbin gwajin dabba da kuma saurin gwajin magani. Ayyukan su sun nuna cewa wannan fasahar samar da fasaha na iya sau da yawa tunanin hangen nesa da kwayoyin cutar da cututtuka ba tare da amfani da batutuwa masu rai ba. Kamfanonin masana'antu suna nuna sha'awar wannan fasahar kiwon lafiya, wadda ke taimakawa wajen samar da fasaharsa.
Organ-On-A-Chip for Testing Drug
Ƙungiya-kan-a-chip wani na'ura ne da aka yi amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa masana'antun microchip. Ya ƙunshi ɗakunan da aka ƙazantar da su wanda aka haɗe ta jikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Girman ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta kwamfuta, wannan na'urar tana ƙin nazarin halittu da kuma ayyuka na ainihin gabobin kuma yana haɓaka akan tsarin da ake amfani dashi a yau (irin su kwayoyin halitta da ke girma a cikin wani kayan cin abinci).
Masana kimiyya sun riga sun sami sifofi daban-daban: kwakwalwa, zuciya, hanji, da hanta.
Lung-on-a-chip, alal misali, ya ƙunshi dukkanin kwayoyin halitta da ƙananan jini tare da gefe guda da aka nuna su da jini kamar yadda yake da jini kuma ɗayan zuwa iska. Wannan yana samar da masana kimiyya tare da fahimtar ɓangaren ƙwayar wuta inda za'a canza musayar gas. Wannan ita ce yankin inda matsalolin kwakwalwa irin su cututtuka da ciwon daji ke faruwa sau da yawa.
Lung-on-a-chip ne mai sauƙi, saboda haka ya shimfiɗa kuma ya yi aiki da yawa kamar ƙwayar ɗan adam - maida aikin aikin kwayar halitta mai rai.
Kwayoyin bishiyoyi da aka samo daga asibiti na Cibiyar Wyss don Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Rayuwa a Jami'ar Harvard. Wasu kamfanonin kasuwanci sun zama kayan aiki na yau da kullum wanda ke wakilci kwayar cuta mai cututtuka. Sauran suna mayar da hankalinsu a kan hanyoyin amfani da kwayoyi - dukansu sun riga sun yarda da sabon cigaban - yi aiki a cikin waɗannan na'urorin idan aka kwatanta da jikin mutum. Kamar yadda kamfanonin kamfanonin sun yarda cewa zuba jarurruka a cikin fasahar fasaha shine aiki mai kyau, kara zuba jari da gyaran gyare-gyare na gaba zai sa sassan jikin-da-kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya fi amfani a nan gaba.
A bara, Emulate, Inc. ya sanar da wani bincike tare da Johnson & Johnson da kuma Cibiyar Wyss don tantance hanyoyin da zasu iya amfani da su don gwada kwayoyin da ake san su haifar da jini. Kayan samfurin abubuwa daban-daban wanda zasu iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa jini. Idan ya ci nasara, za'a iya amfani da wannan fasaha a gwajin magani na likita don rage ƙalubalen da wasu kwayoyi ke haifarwa - irin su immuno-therapeutics da kwayoyin oncology - wanda aka sani don yiwuwar halayen da aka haɗa da jini.
Kwanan nan na ci gaba da girma daga jikin kwayoyin halitta daga kwayoyin sutura zasu iya tallafawa fasaha ta jiki-a-a-chip. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa za'a iya tsara kwayoyin ƙaramin mutum don samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nama. Duk da yake zai ɗauki wani lokaci kafin wannan fasaha za a iya amfani da shi don bunkasa gabbai masu dacewa ga marasa lafiya na dashi, ana iya amfani da shi don bunkasa jikin mutum don samfurin halitta-on-a-chip.
Yaya Ba da daɗewa ba za a zama ɗan Adam-a-Chip?
Masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Wyss suna aiki a kan wani shiri mai ban sha'awa: Suna kallo don haɗa jigilar gabobin jiki daban-daban don ƙirƙirar dukan jikin mutum.
Wannan zai iya taimakawa gwajin kwayoyi a hanya mara kyau. Yawancin "batutuwa" a cikin "vitamin" in vitro za a iya gwada su da kuma bincikar su don magance wani magani a cikin gajeren lokaci.
Homo chippiens , yayin da aka yi amfani da tsari a matsayin mai ban sha'awa, Kwamitin Tsaron Kiwon Lafiya na Amurka ya binciko shi a matsayin wata hanya don nazarin illa ga mawuyacin yanayin muhalli, kamar su dioxin da Bisphenol A (BPA) suke da hanta.
A halin yanzu, kusan kowane sabon magani zai bukaci shawo kan gwajin gwaji da kuma gwadawa a kan mutane kafin ya fara kasuwa. Ci gaban ƙananan kwayoyin halittar mutum zai iya yin aikin cigaba da sauri ta hanyar ƙaddamar da wani ɓangare na sabuwar yarjejeniyar gwaji. Wasu masana, duk da haka, sun yi gargadin cewa kwakwalwa ba za su iya kama cikakken ƙwarewar jikin mutum ba kuma cewa wannan fasaha tana da iyakokin da za a buƙaci a magance su kafin su zama masu amfani a matsayin madaidaici na ainihin gabobin gaske.