Drones ko na'urorin motsa jiki marasa kulawa (UAV) suna fitowa ne a matsayin sabon kayan aikin likita wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin kwakwalwa da kuma ba da damar kula da lafiyar. Masana sunyi la'akari da aikace-aikace daban-daban na jiragen sama, daga ɗaukar nauyin taimako na bala'i don daukar nauyin sutura da samfurori. Drones suna da ikon ɗaukar nauyin biyan kuɗi kuma suna iya ɗaukar su zuwa sauri.
Amfani da fasaha na drone idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin sufuri da suka guji guje-guje a wurare masu yawa, hanyoyin da ba su da kyau a kan hanyar da za su iya hawa da kuma samun damar shiga wurare masu fadi a cikin kasashe masu fama da yaki. Ko da yake ana amfani da drones har yanzu a cikin yanayi na gaggawa da kuma ayyukan agaji, ana ƙara fahimtar gudunmawar su. Alal misali, a lokacin bala'in Fukushima 2011, a {asar Japan, an kafa wani jirgin ruwa a yankin. Ya amince da matakan radiation a ainihin lokaci, yana taimakawa tare da tsara shirin gaggawa. Kwanan nan, a lokacin Hurricane Harvey, ma'aikatan hukumar kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Tarayyar Turai sun ba da izini ga ma'aikatan jirgin sama 43 da suka taimaka wajen sake dawowa da kungiyoyi.
Jirgin motar motar da ke iya ba da Defibrillators
A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin digiri na biyu, Alec Momont na Jami'ar Delft na kasar Netherlands ya tsara kwayar cutar da za a iya amfani dashi a lokuta na gaggawa a yayin wani abin da ya faru na zuciya.
Yaransa marasa kulawa suna ɗauke da kayan aikin likita, ciki har da kananan defibrillator.
Lokacin da yazo game da rikice-rikice, isa zuwa lokaci na gaggawa yana da mahimmanci factor. Bayan kamacin zuciya, mutuwar kwakwalwa yana faruwa a cikin minti huɗu zuwa shida, don haka babu lokacin da za a rasa. Bayanin minti 10 na gaggawa yana amsa adadin gaggawa, kuma rashin tausayi kawai kashi takwas ne kawai na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon zuciya.
Jirgin gaggawa na Momont zai iya canza rikice-rikice na rayukan zuciya. Jirgin bashi mai kula da shi kawai yana kimanin kilo 4 (8 fam) kuma yana iya tashi a kusan kilomita 100 / h (62 mph). Idan ana da mahimmanci a cikin birane masu yawa, zai iya kaiwa ga makullin manufa ta sauri. Yana bi da alamar wayar salula ta hanyar amfani da fasahar GPS kuma an sanye shi da kyamaran yanar gizo. Yin amfani da kyamaran yanar gizon, ma'aikatan gaggawa na iya samun hanyar haɗi tare da wanda ke taimaka wa wanda aka azabtar. Sakamakon farko a kan shafin yana samuwa tare da defibrillator kuma za'a iya umurce shi kan yadda za a yi amfani da na'urar kuma a sanar da shi akan wasu matakan don kare rayuwar mutumin da ake bukata.
Wani bincike da masu bincike daga Cibiyar Karolinska da Royal Institute of Technology a Stockholm, Sweden, suka nuna cewa, a yankunan karkara, wani nau'i mai kama da abin da Momont ya tsara ya zo ya fi sauri fiye da ayyukan likita a cikin 93 bisa dari na lokuta kuma zai iya ceton Minti 19 a cikin matsakaici. A cikin birane, magungunan ya isa wurin da aka kama zuciya a gaban motar asibiti a cikin kashi 32 cikin 100 na shari'ar, sauke minti 1.5 na lokaci. Har ila yau binciken binciken Sweden ya gano cewa hanyar da ta fi dacewa don sadar da daddare mai sarrafawa ta atomatik shi ne ya sauko da ruwa a kan ƙasa, ko, a madadin haka, ya saki defibrillator daga ƙananan wuri.
Cibiyar Nazarin Drone a Bard College ta gano cewa aikace-aikacen gaggawa aikace-aikace na jiragen sama ne mafi girma girma na aikace-aikace drone. Akwai, duk da haka, mishaps da aka rubuta lokacin da drones shiga cikin gaggawa martani. Alal misali, jiragen ruwa suna tsangwama tare da kokarin masu kashe gobarar da ke fama da mummunar mummunan yanayi a California a shekara ta 2015. Ƙananan jiragen sama zasu iya sawa cikin jirgi na jiragen sama mai hawa mai hawa, wanda zai haifar da hadarin jirgin sama. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Fasaha (FAA) tana tasowa da kuma sabunta ka'idoji da ka'idoji don tabbatar da amfani da lafiya da shari'a ta al'amuran, musamman a yanayin rayuwa da mutuwa.
Bayar da Wayar Wayarka ta Waya
SenseLab, na Jami'ar Kimiyya a Crete, Girka, ta zo ne a karo na uku a gasar Olympics ta 2016, wanda ya zama mamba a duniya tare da mutane fiye da 1,000. Shigar da su ya zama hanya mai ban mamaki don canza wayarka a cikin karamin ruwan sama wanda zai iya taimakawa a cikin yanayi na gaggawa. Kayan waya an haɗa shi da samfurin samfurin wanda zai iya, misali, sauke ta atomatik zuwa kantin magani kuma ya isar da insulin ga mai amfani da yake cikin wahala.
Wayar wayar-da-gidanka tana da fasali guda hudu: 1) yana samun taimako; 2) ya kawo magani; 3) rubutun yankunan sadaukarwa da rahotanni zuwa jerin jerin lambobi; da kuma 4) taimaka masu amfani da gano hanyoyin da suka rasa.
Mai mahimmanci ne kawai daga ayyukan SenseLab na ci gaba. Suna bincike kan wasu aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen da ke da hannu, irin su haɗar drones ga masu nazarin halittu a kan mutumin da ke fama da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da kuma samar da amsar gaggawa idan lafiyar mutum ta bace ba zato ba tsammani.
Masu bincike kuma suna binciko yin amfani da drones don bazawa da ɗawainiya don masu lafiya da cututtuka na rayuwa a yankunan karkara. Wannan rukuni na marasa lafiya yana buƙatar lokuta masu mahimmanci da magunguna. Drones zai iya amincewa da lafiyar magani kuma tattara kundin gwaji, irin su fitsari da samfurori jini, rage farashin kayan aiki da kudaden likita da kuma matsa lamba ga masu kulawa.
Shin Drones na iya ɗaukan samfurori masu ilimin halitta?
A Amurka, drones ba a gwada su ba. Alal misali, ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani game da sakamakon jirgin yana kan abubuwa masu mahimmanci da kayan aikin likita. Masu bincike a Johns Hopkins sun ba da tabbacin cewa abubuwa masu mahimmanci, irin su samfurori na jini, za su iya daukar nauyin drones. Dokta Timothy Kien Amukele, masanin ilimin likita a baya bayan binciken wannan hujja, ya damu game da hanzari da saukowa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar zai iya hallaka jini da kuma yin samfurori marasa amfani. Abin takaici, gwaje-gwaje na Amukele ya nuna cewa jini ba shi da tasiri lokacin da aka ɗauke shi a cikin ƙananan UAV har zuwa minti 40. Ana amfani da samfurori da aka gudana a cikin samfurori marasa nau'in, kuma nauyin halayen su bai bambanta ba. Amukele ya yi wani gwaji wanda jirgin ya dade ya dade, kuma yarinya ya rufe kilomita 258, wanda ya dauki sa'o'i 3. Wannan sabon rikodi ne na yin amfani da samfurori na likita ta hanyar amfani da drone. Samfurori sun yi tafiya a kan hamada na Arizona kuma an adana su a cikin ɗakin da zafin jiki, wanda ke kiyaye samfurori a dakin da zazzabi ta amfani da wutar lantarki daga drone. Bayanan bincike na karshe ya nuna cewa samfurori masu gudana sun kasance daidai da wadanda ba a ba su ba. Akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance da aka gano a glucose da litattafan potassium, amma ana iya samun waɗannan da sauran hanyoyin sufuri kuma yana iya zama saboda rashin kulawa da ƙwayar zafi a cikin samfurori marasa samuwa.
Kungiyar Johns Hopkins tana shirin shirin nazarin jirgi a Afirka wanda ba a kusa da wani labarun musamman ba - sabili da haka yana amfani da wannan fasaha ta zamani. Idan aka ba da wutar lantarki mai sauƙi, na'urar zata iya zama mafi girma ga sauran hanyoyin sufuri, musamman ma a cikin yankuna masu nisa da kuma waɗanda ba a karkashin su. Bugu da ƙari kuma, cinikin jiragen ruwa yana sa su da tsada idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin sufuri da ba su samo asali ba. Drones zai iya kasancewa a matsayin likitan fasahar fasaha na zamani, musamman ga waɗanda aka ƙayyade ta ƙuntatawa ta ƙasa.
Ƙungiyoyin bincike sunyi aiki a kan tsarin ingantawa wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen samar da drones a cikin tattalin arziki. Bayanai zai iya taimaka wa masu yanke shawara a yayin da suke daidaita matsalolin gaggawa. Alal misali, karuwar hawan jirgin sama na rage yawan farashi na aiki, yayin da karuwar gudu daga drone yakan rage farashin kuma yana ƙara yawan wurin sabis na drone.
Kamfanonin daban daban suna binciko hanyoyi don jiragen ruwa don girbi daga iska da rana. Wata tawagar daga Jami'ar Xiamen a Sin da Jami'ar Western Sydney a Australia suna bunkasa wani algorithm don samar da wurare masu yawa ta amfani da UAV. Musamman, suna da sha'awar yin amfani da jini, suna la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban irin su nauyin jini, zazzabi da lokaci. Za'a iya amfani da binciken su a wasu wurare, misali, gyaran hanyar hawa ta hanyar amfani da drone.
> Sources:
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> Tattaunawa game da Exemptions na US Drone 2014-2015. Cibiyar nazarin Drone a Jami'ar Bard. An dawo daga http://dronecenter.bard.edu/analysis-us-drone-exemptions-14-15-2/
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