Amyotrophic labaran sclerosis (ALS), wani lokacin da aka sani da cutar Lou Gehrig bayan mai shahararrun wasan kwallon kafa, shine yanayin da zai sa mutum yayi hankali kuma ya kara raguwa. Wannan raunin ci gaba yana haifar da raguwa da jijiyoyi a cikin ƙaho na baya na kashin baya , wanda ke watsa bayanai daga kwakwalwa zuwa ga tsokoki na jiki.
Yayin da waɗannan kwayoyin jikinsu suka mutu, ƙwayoyin da suke sadarwa tare da farawa a layi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin hannu a cikin kwakwalwa sun mutu, kodayake ƙananan mahaukaci ba su da alaka da yadda mutum yake tunani, saboda haka mutumin zai iya sanin yadda cutar ke ci gaba. A mafi yawancin lokuta, ALS tana kaiwa ga ciwo da mutuwa a cikin shekaru biyar. Game da kashi goma cikin dari, mutanen da ke tare da ALS sun rayu har tsawon lokaci.
ALS yakan rinjayar mutane lokacin da suke tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 70; duk da haka, yana iya faruwa a wasu lokuta a rayuwar mutum. Mutane suna shafar sau da yawa fiye da mata. Abin farin cikin, ALS yana da wuya, yana fama da mutane 30,000 a Amurka, tare da kimanin mutane 5,600 na ALS da aka gano a kowace shekara.
Symptoms of ALS
Kwayoyin cututtukan ALS sukan fara da rauni. Wannan raunin zai iya fara ne kawai da iyaka ɗaya. Muskoki na iya ƙuƙummawa, suna karawa ko suna da tsaka-tsakin da aka kira "fashewa." Idan kafafu na farko ne, mutumin zai iya fara lura da cewa suna yin motsawa sau da yawa ko kuma suna jin damuwa.
Idan bayyanar cututtuka farawa a hannunka, ƙila za a iya samun wahala ta farko da ke kula da kananan abubuwa, kamar su buttoning a shirt ko juya maɓalli. Kadan na kowa, ƙwayoyin farko da za a shafa su ne wadanda ke cikin fuska da bakin wuya, suna haifar da wahalar magana ko haɗiyewa. Babu tingling ko numbness hade da wannan rauni.
Yayin da cutar ta ci gaba, raunin zai ci gaba da yadawa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Mutumin zai rasa ikon magana yayin da ya rasa iko da harshensu da lebe. Daga ƙarshe, mutumin yana iya buƙatar tube mai dafa . Kamar yadda tsokoki da ake buƙata don numfashi ya raunana, za a iya bayar da goyon baya na numfashi, da farko tare da na'ura na CPAP sannan kuma ta hanyar samun iska. Domin ba su da ƙarfin tari ko kuma rufe zukatansu, mutanen da ke cike da ciwon ALS suna da damuwa ga ciwon ciwon huhu . A gaskiya ma, mafi yawan mutanen da ke tare da ALS zasu ƙare saboda rashin fatawa ko rashin lafiya .
Lokaci-lokaci, mutanen da ke tare da ALS suna da lalatacciyar haɗari. Har ila yau, wasu mutane suna ci gaba da cutar pandembulbar, wanda ya sa ya zama mawuyacin hali don su kula da motsin zuciyar su.
Abin da ke haifar da ALS?
Sanarwar ainihin abubuwan da ke faruwa na ALS har yanzu suna bincike. Yawancin lokaci ana cutar da cutar sau da yawa, koda yake kimanin kashi 10 cikin dari na kwayoyin halitta ne. Kwayar da ta ƙayyade ga ƙazantattun jini (SOD1), wani enzyme wanda ya rushe free radicals, aka gano a 2001. Sauran kwayoyin - ciki har da TAR DNA-daurin haɗin gina jiki (TARDBP, wanda aka sani da TDP43); fused-in-sarcoma (FUS), mummunan kwayoyin halitta a kan chromosome 9 (C9ORF72); da kuma UBQLN2, wanda ya sanya nau'in albarkatu irin na asibitin-like-like kamar haka? 2 - duk an haɗa su da ALS.
A sakamakon wadannan sauye-sauyen salon salula, ƙwayoyin jijiya a ƙahonin baya na ƙananan kashin da kuma kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kwayar jikinsu na fara mutuwa.
Wasu mutane sun lura da wata hanyar haɗi tsakanin magunguna da haɗarin ALS, ko da yake waɗannan sharuɗɗa na iya nuna nau'in cuta daban-daban da aka sani da ƙwaƙwalwar cututtuka . Sojoji na soja, musamman wadanda suka yi aiki a Gulf War, suna da haɗari ga ƙaddamar da alamun bayyanar ALS, kamar yadda wasu 'yan wasa suka yi. An kuma bincika nuni ga toxins, kodayake babu wani abinda ya faru.
Yaya aka gano ALS?
Sakamakon ganewar asali na ALS ya kamata a yi da wani neurologist.
Masu binciken da ba su da mahimmancin cututtuka irin su ALS zasu iya magana game da haɗuwa da "alamu na sama da na ƙananan motoci" waɗanda ake buƙata don tabbatar da asali. Wasu binciken binciken gwaji na jiki, irin su jigon hanzari mai zurfi, suna nuna cewa rashin ƙarfi ne saboda cututtuka a cikin kashin baya ko kwakwalwa. Sauran binciken binciken, irin su fashewa, yawanci ana danganta su ne don lalata ciwon daji bayan ya bar launi. Saboda mota neuron cututtuka irin su ALS lalata yankin inda ƙananan motocin motar ke sauka daga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tare da ƙananan motocin motar da ke fitowa daga kashin baya, ana ganin alamomi na sama da ƙananan motoci a ALS kuma ana buƙatar don ganewar asali.
Muhimmancin ganewar asali na ALS yakan haifar da ƙarin gwaji don ware wasu, mafi mahimmanci, cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya kwatanta ALS. Ana iya yin zaɓin electromyogram (EMG) da nazarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cutar don cire yiwuwar cututtukan cututtuka irin su myasthenia gravis ko na neuropathy. Za'a iya yin bita ta MRI don ware wasu cututtuka na kashin baya, irin su ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi ko ƙananan sclerosis.
Dangane da labarin mutumin da jarrabawar jiki, za a iya gwada wasu gwaje-gwaje don irin cututtuka irin su HIV, Lyme ko syphilis . Magunguna da aka gano tare da ALS sunyi la'akari da la'akari da ra'ayi na biyu.
Yaya aka kula da shi?
Abin sani kawai magani ɗaya, Riluzole, an nuna ya kasance mai tasiri a inganta inganta lafiyar marasa lafiya tare da ALS. Abin baƙin ciki shine, sakamakon yana da sauƙi, tsawon rai kawai ta hanyar kusan watanni uku zuwa biyar.
Amma akwai taimako. Yin aiki tare da ƙungiyar likitoci na likita zai iya taimakawa wajen taimakawa da yawa daga alamun bayyanar ALS. Irin wannan ƙungiyar zata iya haɗawa da wani likitan ilimin lissafi, masu kwantar da hankali na jiki, masu fadi da masu ilimin aikin likita da masana a cikin kayan abinci mai gina jiki.
Ayyukan ma'aikata na iya kasancewa cikin taimakawa wajen shirya ƙungiyoyin tallafi da kuma abubuwan da ake bukata na shari'a, irin su mai rai da kuma ikon lauya . Kusan kusa da ƙarshen rayuwa, marasa lafiya da yawa sun amfana daga aiki tare da masana a kula da palliative da hospice .
Yin aiki tare da kwararren likitoci na iya taimaka marasa lafiya tare da ALS su rayu sauran rayuwarsu kamar yadda ya dace da kuma yadda ya dace.
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